Panchasara Parshwanath Temple is a Śvetāmbara Jain temple located in Patan, Gujarat.[1] The temple was constructed in 8th century during the reign of Vanaraja Chavda of Chavda dynasty.
| Panchasara Parshvanath Temple | |
|---|---|
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Jainism |
| Sect | Śvetāmbara |
| Deity | Parshvanath |
| Festivals | Mahavir Janma Kalyanak |
| Governing body | Shri Panchasara Parshvanath Jain Derasar Trust |
| Location | |
| Location | Patan, Gujarat |
| Geographic coordinates | 23°51′14.3″N 72°07′01.5″E / 23.853972°N 72.117083°E |
| Architecture | |
| Creator | Vanaraja Chavda |
| Date established | 8th century |
History
editVanaraja Chavda (c. 746 CE to c. 780 CE),[2][3] the most prominent ruler of the Chavda dynasty established the territory of Patan in 746 CE[4][5] and built the Panchasara Parshwanath temple with main idol of Parshvanatha brought from Panchasar village.[6][7]
During the rule of Chaulukya dynasty (or Solanki dynasty), Patan was a major pilgrimage centre of Jainism. There are more than 100 temples in the region.[8] The temple was rebuilt in the 16th-17th century after destruction by Muslim invaders.[9]
Temple
editThis temple is one of the largest temples in Patan.[10] The temple belongs to the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. The temple is built with white marble with rich stonework with sacred carvings.[11][10][12] The central idol is an 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) tall marble idol[13] of Parshvanatha is completely covered in parikara[6] with image of Padmavati holding 2 lotuses in upper hand, noose in right and goad in left hand.[14] The domical ceiling is decorated by concentric circles of figures and bands of ornament with a lotus-shaped pendant extending from the dome of the center roof. The ceiling features eight bracket figures of musicians or dancers; between these figures are seated tirthankaras with yaksha and yakshi on either side.[3]
In Śvetāmbara tradition, idols tends to derive their name from a geographical region, the Pañcásar Parshvanath is one of 108 prominent idols of Parshvanath idols.[15] The temple also houses an idol of Vasupujya in padmasan position sitting on big lotus with long stalk. The idol has images of yakshi and yaksha on both sides and the sculpture is covered with foliage of Chaitya tree to commemorate the penance of Vasupujya.[16] The temple also houses idols of Jain monk Kakkasuri, Devachandrasuri and Yashodevsuri.[17]
Hemachandrayacharya Jain Gyan Mandir is an ancient library built by Hemachandra. This library is one of the most important Jain libraries in Gujarat and the collection includes several ancient palm-leaf manuscripts.[18][8][19] The temple also houses a paper manuscript of Parshvanathacaritra as well as the oldest available manuscript of the Bhaktāmara Stotra.[20]
See also
editReferences
editCitation
edit- ^ Patan & Gujarat government.
- ^ Mishra & Ray 2016, pp. 35–36.
- ^ a b "Carved wooden ceiling dome in the Parsvanatha Temple, Patan". British Library. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ Mehta 2017, p. 15.
- ^ Katariya 2007, p. 352.
- ^ a b Cort 2010, p. 64.
- ^ Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 1896, p. 152.
- ^ a b Desai 2007, p. 217.
- ^ Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 192.
- ^ Cort 1998, p. 122.
- ^ Gujarat Tourism & Panchasara Parshwanath Jain Derasar.
- ^ Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 193.
- ^ Shah 1987, p. 273.
- ^ Cort 2001, p. 234.
- ^ Shah 1987, p. 148.
- ^ Cort 2010, p. 190.
- ^ Hunter 1881, p. 313.
- ^ Dundas 2002, p. 83.
- ^ Shah 1987, p. 270.
Sources
editBooks
edit- Benanav, Michael; Bindloss, Joe (2019). Lonely Planet India. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781788686822.
- Cort, John E. (2001). Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-803037-9.
- Cort, John E. (2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195385021.
- Cort, John E. (1998). Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History. SUNY series in Hindu Studies. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-3785-8.
- Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 9788126018031.
- Desai, Anjali H. (2007). India Guide Gujarat. India Guide Publications. ISBN 9780978951702.
- Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992]. The Jains (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26605-5.
- Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency (1896). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: History of Gujarat. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Bombay: Government Central Press.
- Hunter, William Wilson (1881). Naaf to Rangmagiriliterature. Vol. 7. Trübner & Co.
- Katariya, Adesh (2007). Ancient History of Central Asia: Yuezhi origin Royal Peoples: Kushana, Huna, Gurjar and Khazar Kingdoms. Adesh Katariya.
- Mehta, Pratap Singh (2017). Guns and Glories: Rajputana Chronicles. Notion Press. ISBN 9789352066018.
- Mishra, Susan Verma; Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2016). The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The temple in western India, 2nd century BCE–8th century CE. Archaeology and Religion in South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 9781317193746.
- Peterson, Peter (1887). Detailed Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Mss. in the Bombay Circle. Vol. 3. Columbia University.
- Titze, Kurt; Bruhn, Klaus (1998). Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence (2 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1534-6.
- Shah, Umakant Premanand (1987). Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-208-X.
- Shah, Natubhai (2004) [First published in 1998]. Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Vol. I. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1938-2.