The olfactory mucosa is the neuroepithelial mucosa[1] lining the roof and upper parts of the septum and lateral wall of the nasal cavity[1][2] which contains bipolar neurons of the primary receptor neurons of the olfactory pathway, as well as supporting cells. The neurons' dendrites project towards the nasal cavity while their axons ascend through the cribriform plate[1] as the olfactory nerves.[3]
| Olfactory mucosa | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| System | Olfactory system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi, regio olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi |
| MeSH | D009831 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The part of the nasal cavity that is lined with olfactory mucosa is known as the olfactory region (pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi),[2] while the rest of the nasal cavity that is lined by ordinary respiratory mucosa is known as the respiratory region.[4]
Structure
editOlfactory mucosa lines about 5cm2 of the posterosuperior parts of the lateral nasal wall. Parts of the nasal cavity lined by olfactory mucosa include: parts of the roof of the nasal cavity, the superior nasal concha and some upper parts of the middle nasal concha, parts of the nasal septum, and the sphenoethmoidal recess.[5]
The olfactory mucosa is thicker and lighter in colour (yellowish-brown) in comparison to the (pinkish) respiratory mucosa lining the rest of the nasal cavity.[1]
Glands of the olfactory mucosa secrete a mostly serous fluid.[5]
Histology
editThe olfactory mucosa consists of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying lamina propria, connective tissue containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, Bowman's glands and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons.[6]
In vertebrates, the olfactory epithelium consists of a three basic cell types: bipolar olfactory receptor neurons; sustentacular cells, a type of supporting cell; and basal cells, the stem cells that continuously give rise to new olfactory receptor neurons and sustentacular cells.[7]
Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles.[8] The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that they produce odorant binding protein.[9][10]
Physiology
editThe mucus protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons.[8][verification needed]
Research
editAdult stem cell harvesting
Cells in the olfactory mucosa have been used in clinical trials for adult stem cell therapeutic treatments and successfully harvested for future applications.[11]
CB1 receptors and obesity
Type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 receptors) are present in the sustentacular cells of the olfactory mucosa, in the periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb, and in the anterior olfactory nucleus and olfactory cortices. A study in 2008 in mice has shown that the level of CB1 expression in various brain regions, including the olfactory nucleus, is modulated by diet-induced obesity.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 373. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
- ^ a b "pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ "fila olfactoria". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ "pars respiratoria tunicae mucosae". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ a b Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 692. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Moran, David T.; Rowley Jc, 3rd; Jafek, BW; Lovell, MA (1982), "The fine structure of the olfactory mucosa in man", Journal of Neurocytology, 11 (5): 721–746, doi:10.1007/BF01153516, PMID 7143026, S2CID 25263022
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Schwob, James E. (2002), "Neural Regeneration and the Peripheral Olfactory System", The Anatomical Record, 269 (1): 33–49, doi:10.1002/ar.10047, PMID 11891623
- ^ a b Frisch, Donald (1967), "Ultrastructure of mouse olfactory mucosa.", The American Journal of Anatomy, 121 (1): 87–120, doi:10.1002/aja.1001210107, PMID 6052394
- ^ Gartner, Leslie P.; Hiatt, James L. (2007). Color Textbook of Histology. Saunders/Elsevier. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4160-2945-8.
- ^ Tegoni, Mariella; Pelosi, P; Vincent, F; Spinelli, S; Campanacci, V; Grolli, S; Ramoni, R; Cambillau, C (2000), "Mammalian odorant binding proteins", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1482 (1–2) (published 1967): 229–240, doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00167-9, PMID 11058764
- ^ Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies
- ^ Palouzier-Paulignan, Brigitte; Lacroix, Marie-Christine; Aimé, Pascaline; Baly, Christine; Caillol, Monique; Congar, Patrice; Julliard, A. Karyn; Tucker, Kristal; Fadool, Debra Ann (2012-11-01). "Olfaction Under Metabolic Influences". Chemical Senses. 37 (9): 769–797. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjs059. ISSN 0379-864X. PMC 3529618. PMID 22832483.