Marsden Point Oil Refinery was a 96,000 BPD refinery located at Marsden Point, Whangārei, Northland, New Zealand. It was the only oil refinery in New Zealand, and was operated by Refining NZ.[1]
The point was named after Samuel Marsden. The regional survey map shows it was called Marsden Point in 1907.
History
editIncreasing demand for petrol and petroleum related products led the Nash Labour government to begin investigating the possibility of constructing an oil refinery. The site at Marsden Point was chosen for the oil refinery due to its location next to a deep water port, low risk of earthquakes, expanses of flat land and closeness to the population centres of the North Island.[1]
Construction of the refinery began in 1962. A consortium of the New Zealand Government contributed the initial NZ£10 million budget of the refinery. It was officially opened on 30 May 1964.[2]
In 1973, the government approved a NZ$160 million expansion of the refinery, involving the addition of a fluid catalytic cracker. Later that year, the first global oil shock, sparked by the Yom Kippur War, raised crude oil prices from US$3 to around US$20 a barrel – however, New Zealand retained reasonable security of supply.[2]
Think Big
editA second global oil shock in 1979, this time due to the Iranian revolution, greatly increased the price of oil again. This proved to be a catalyst for further expansion of the refinery, under the Muldoon National Governments Think Big energy projects. The estimated cost of expansion was $320 million, with a hydrocracker now considered rather than the planned catalytic cracker.[2]
In 1981, the expansion began and the government approving a 170 kilometres (110 mi) pipeline to Wiri, south Auckland. A workforce of 5,000 worked on the expansion, which was by now expected to cost $1.55 billion. Strikes during the project led to the introduction of the Refinery Expansion Projects Dispute Act by the Muldoon government. An inquiry into the strikes and the governments' reactions to them followed. In 1985, the refinery shut down for five months for maintenance work on the old refinery. The project was completed in 1986, two years behind schedule and at a final cost of $1.84 billion.[2]
Reform and privatization
editFollowing the election of the reformist Fourth Labour Government in 1984, the Petroleum Sector Reform Act was introduced. This Act deregulated the petroleum industry, with 1,500 workers expected to lose their jobs.[2] The Refinery assets were transferred by the Government to the New Zealand Refining Company Limited, a consortium of the five major petrol retailers. BP, Mobil and Z Energy are currently major shareholders.[3] The Government injected $80 million to enable the company to adapt to the new environment. A major efficiency drive was launched to cut operating costs.
Production
editThe refinery used a medium-sour blend of crude oil, nearly all of which was imported. Most crude oil produced in New Zealand is light-sweet and is exported to refineries in Australia. Marsden Point produced 70 per cent of New Zealand's refined oil needs, with the rest being imported from Singapore, Australia and South Korea.[4]
Crude oil bought by the refinery was shipped to the deep-water port at Marsden Point for refining into transport fuels for New Zealand.
The refinery was responsible for supplying:[5]
- around 85% all of the country’s jet fuel
- around 67% of diesel
- around 58% of all petrol
- all fuel oil for ships
Refinery-Auckland Pipeline
editThe 168-kilometre (104-mile) underground Refinery-Auckland Pipeline (RAP) connects Marsden Point to the Wiri Oil Terminal in Auckland. The pipeline is 25 centimeters (10 inches) in diameter and transports petrol, diesel and jet fuel at up to 400,000 litres (105,669 US gallons) per hour.[6] Supply was halted for pipeline repairs in September 2017 after an excavator damaged the pipeline on a rural property near Ruakaka, leading to jet fuel shortages and flight cancellations at Auckland Airport.[7]
Closure
editIn August 2020, Refining NZ announced that it was considering importing refined fuels, and closing the refining operation.[8] In November 2021 they confirmed that the refinery would shut down in April 2022.[9] The last crude oil shipment was offloaded from the tanker Torm Ingeborg on 8 March 2022,[10] and refining ended on 31 March.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "History | About Us". Refining NZ. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Refining NZ".
- ^ "Company Profile".
- ^ Bradley, Grant (25 August 2012). "Pain at pump offset by $2bn exports". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- ^ Refining NZ – Your Energy Hive
- ^ "Refinery Auckland Pipeline".
- ^ Leask, Anna (17 September 2017). "Auckland Airport fuel crisis: 23 flights cancelled, more likely". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ Pullar-Strecker, Tom (17 August 2020). "Refining NZ sends out further signals Marsden Point oil refinery may close". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020.
- ^ Tom Pullar-Strecker (22 November 2021). "No last minute reprieve for Marsden Point oil refinery". Stuff. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
- ^ Piper, Denise (2022-04-23). "Why is Marsden Point oil refinery closing and should we care?". Stuff. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ^ Energy in New Zealand 2023. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. August 2023. p. 3. eISSN 2324-5913. ISSN 2537-9372. Retrieved 12 June 2024.