The Los Colorados Formation is a sedimentary rock formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, found in the provinces of San Juan and La Rioja in Argentina. The formation dates back to the Norian age of the Late Triassic.
| Los Colorados Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Norian ~ | |
 Los Colorados massif, La Rioja Province, Argentina | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Agua de la Peña Group |
| Underlies | Cerro Rajado Formation |
| Overlies | Ischigualasto Formation |
| Thickness | 600 m (2,000 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone |
| Other | Conglomerate, gypsum |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 29°48′S 67°54′W / 29.8°S 67.9°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 38°54′S 31°24′W / 38.9°S 31.4°W |
| Region | San Juan Province La Rioja Province |
| Country | Argentina |
| Extent | Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Los Colorados Massif |
  Los Colorados Formation (Argentina) | |
The up to 600 metres (2,000 ft) thick formation comprises sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and conglomerates with gypsum layers deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment. The formation is the uppermost stratigraphic unit of the Agua de la Peña Group, overlying the Lagerstätte of the Ischigualasto Formation. Los Colorados Formation is partly covered by the Cretaceous Cerro Rajado Formation, separated by an unconformity.
The formation is known for its fossils of early dinosaurs, including the coelophysoid Zupaysaurus and the "prosauropods" Coloradisaurus, Lessemsaurus, and Riojasaurus.[1] Magnetostratigraphic analysis suggests that the Los Colorados Formation was deposited between 227 and 213 million years ago.[2]
Description
editLos Colorados Formation is a unit with an approximate thickness of 600 metres (2,000 ft) of the Agua de la Peña Group in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, where it is exposed in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a World Heritage Site in Argentina. The formation gradually overlies the Ischigualasto Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Cretaceous Cerro Rajado Formation. The formation comprises red-colored, fine- to medium-grain–size sandstones together with siltstones and ancillary floodplain mudstones with early calcisol development. The formation was deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment.[2]
Fossil content
editAnapsids
edit| Anapsids of Los Colorados Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images | |
|
P. talampayensis |
[3][4] | |||||
Synapsids
edit| Synapsids of Los Colorados Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Chaliminia | C. musteloides | [3] | |||
| Jachaleria | J. colorata | A skull and complete jaws. | A Kanemyeriidae dicynodont. | ||
| Tessellatia | T. bonapartei | A partial skull, including the snout, orbital region, and lower jaws. | A cynodont.[5] | ||
Archosauromorphs
edit| Archosauromorphs of Los Colorados Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Fasolasuchus | F. tenax | La Rioja Province | A fragmented skull and jaws. | A giant loricatan Pseudosuchian.[1][3] | |
| Neoaetosauroides | N. engaeus | Quebrada de los Jachaleros, El Salto (San Juan) | An aetosaur.[3] | ||
| Riojasuchus | R. tenuisceps | An ornithosuchid.[3][6] | |||
Crocodylomorpha
edit| Crocodylomorphs of Los Colorados Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Coloradisuchus | C. abelini | La Rioja Province | [7] | ||
| Hemiprotosuchus | H. leali | Quebrada de los Jachaleros, El Salto (San Juan) | [3][7] | ||
| Pseudhesperosuchus | P. jachaleri | Quebrada de los Jachaleros, El Salto (San Juan) | [3] | ||
Dinosaurs
editIndeterminate theropod remains present in the Provincia de la Rioja.[1]
| Dinosaurs of Los Colorados Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Coloradisaurus | C. brevis | La Rioja Province[1] | "Skull, adult"[3][8] | A massospondylid sauropodomorph. | |
| Lessemsaurus | L. sauropoides | La Rioja Province[1] | "Partial cervical, dorsal, and sacral vertebrae, adult."[8] | A sauropodiform. | |
| Prosauropoda | Indeterminate | La Rioja & San Juan Provinces | Includes Strenusaurus procerus.[1] "Dorsals, caudals, partial fore- and hindlimb."[9] | ||
| Powellvenator | P. podocitus | Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin | Known from previously undescribed partial hindlimbs | A coelophysoid. | |
| Riojasaurus | R. incertus | La Rioja Province | A sauropodomorph.[10][3][1] | ||
| Zupaysaurus | Z. rougieri | La Rioja Province | An early theropod.[3][1] | ||
Ichnofossils
editSee also
edit- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- Quebrada del Barro Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Marayel-El Carrizal Basin just southeast of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin
- Caturrita Formation, contempeoraneous fossiliferous formation of the Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil
- Chinle Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Arizona
- Elliot Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Karoo Basin, South Africa
- Fremouw Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Antarctica
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.527-528
- ^ a b Kent et al, 2014, p.7959
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Arcucci et al., 2004, p.561
- ^ 2 km NE of La Esquina at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Gaetano, L. C.; Abdala, F.; Seoane, F. D.; Tartaglione, A.; Schulz, M.; Otero, A.; Leardi, J. M.; Apaldetti, C.; Krapovickas, V.; Steimbach, E. (2022). "A new cynodont from the Upper Triassic Los Colorados Formation (Argentina, South America) reveals a novel paleobiogeographic context for mammalian ancestors". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): Article number 6451. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6451G. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10486-4. PMC 9038739. PMID 35468982.
- ^ Von Baczko & Desojo, 2016, p.4
- ^ a b Martínez et al., 2018, p.1
- ^ a b "Table 12.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004. p.234
- ^ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004. Page 237.
- ^ Ezcurra, 2017
- ^ Río de los Tarros tracksite at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Leonardi, 1994, p.25
- ^ Leonardi locality 15 at Fossilworks.org
Bibliography
edit- Arcucci, A.B.; Marsicano, C.A.; Caselli, A.T. (2004), "Tetrapod association and palaeoenvironment of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina): a significant sample from western Gondwana at the end of the Triassic", Geobios, 37 (5): 557–568, Bibcode:2004Geobi..37..557A, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.04.008, hdl:11336/97772, retrieved 2019-03-28
- Von Baczko, Maria Belén; Desojo, Julia Brenda (2016), "Cranial Anatomy and Palaeoneurology of the Archosaur Riojasuchus tenuisceps from the Los Colorados Formation, La Rioja, Argentina", PLoS ONE, 11 (2): 1–30, Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1148575V, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148575, PMC 4743959, PMID 26849433
- Ezcurra, Martín D (2017), "A new early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina", Ameghiniana, 54 (5): Abstract, doi:10.5710/AMGH.04.08.2017.3100, hdl:11336/56719, retrieved 2019-03-26
- Kent, Dennis V.; Santi Malnis, Paula; Colombi, Carina E.; Alcober, Oscar A.; Martínez, Ricardo N. (2014), "Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina)", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (22): 7958–7963, Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.7958K, doi:10.1073/pnas.1402369111, PMC 4050597, PMID 24843149
- Leonardi, Giuseppe (1994), Annotated Atlas of South America Tetrapod Footprints (Devonian to Holocene) with an appendix on Mexico and Central America, Ministerio de Minas e Energia - Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Geological Service of Brazil, pp. 1–248, retrieved 2019-03-25
- Martínez, Ricardo N.; Alcober, Oscar A.; Pol, Diego (2018), "A new protosuchid crocodyliform (Pseudosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) from the Norian Los Colorados Formation, northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38 (4): 1–12, doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1491047, hdl:11336/98862, retrieved 2019-03-28
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21
Further reading
editWikimedia Commons has media related to Los Colorados Formation.
- A. B. Arcucci and R. A. Coria. 2003. A new Triassic carnivorous dinosaur from Argentina. Ameghiniana 40(2):217-228
- J. F. Bonaparte. 1999. Evolución de las vértebras presacras en Sauropodomorpha [Evolution of the presacral vertebrae in Sauropodomorpha]. Ameghiniana 36(2):115-187
- J. F. Bonaparte and J. A. Pumares. 1995. Notas sobre el primer craneo de Riojasaurus incertus (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) del Triasico Superior de La Rioja, Argentina [Notes on the first skull and jaws of Riojasaurus incertus (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae), Late Triassic of La Rioja, Argentina]. Ameghiniana 32(4):341-349
- J. F. Bonaparte. 1981. Descripción de "Fasolasuchus tenax" y su significado en la sistematica y evolución de los thecodontia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" 3(2):55-101
- J. F. Bonaparte. 1978. Coloradia brevis n. g. et n. sp. (Saurischia–Prosauropoda), dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formacion Los Colorados, Triasico Superior de La Rioja, Argentina [Coloradia brevis n. g. et n. sp. (Saurischia–Prosauropoda), a plateosaurid from the Upper Triassic Los Colorados Formation of La Rioja, Argentina]. Ameghiniana 15(3-4):327-332
- J. F. Bonaparte. 1971. Los tetrapodos del sector superior de la Formacion Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina (Triásico Superior) [The tetrapods of the upper part of the Los Colorados Formation, La Rioja, Argentina (Upper Triassic)]. Opera Lilloana 22:1-183
- J. F. Bonaparte. 1969. Dos nuevas "faunas" de reptiles triasicos de Argentina [Two new reptilian "faunas" of the Argentine Triassic]. Gondwana Stratigraphy (IUGS Symposium, Buenos Aires) 2:283-306
- J. B. Desojo and A. M. Baez. 2007. Cranial morphology of the Late Triassic South American archosaur Neoaetosauroides engaeus: evidence for aetosaurian diversity. Palaeontology 50:267-276
- J. B. Desojo and A. M. Baez. 2005. El esqueleto postcraneano de Neoaetosauroides (Archosauria: Aetosauria) del Triásico Superior del centro-oeste de Argentina. Ameghiniana 42:115-126
- M. D. Ezcurra and C. Apaldetti. 2012. A robust sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and insights on the diversity of the Los Colorados Formation. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123:155-164
- A. G. Martinelli and G. W. Rougier. 2007. On Chaliminia musteloides (Eucynodontia: Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of Argentina, and a phylogeny of Ictidosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27:442-460
- G. W. Rougier, M. S. de la Fuente, and A. B. Arcucci. 1995. Late Triassic turtles from South America. Science 268:855-858