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London Midland

This article is about the former train operating company. For the former railway company, see London, Midland and Scottish Railway. For the former British Railways region, see London Midland Region (British Railways).

London Midland[1] was a train operating company in England which operated the West Midlands franchise between 11 November 2007 and 10 December 2017. It was owned by the British transport group Govia.

London Midland
Class 350 Desiro at Watford Junction in 2011
Overview
Franchise(s)West Midlands
11 November 2007 – 10 December 2017
Main region(s)West Midlands, London
Other region(s)North West, East Midlands
Stations called at178
Stations operated146
Parent companyGovia
Reporting markLM
PredecessorCentral Trains
Silverlink
SuccessorWest Midlands Trains
Technical
Length539.0 mi (867.4 km)[citation needed]
Other
Websitewww.londonmidland.com
Route map
Route map

London Midland was created as a result of Govia being awarded the West Midlands franchise on 22 June 2007. This franchise had emerged out of a reorganisation conducted by the Department for Transport, which had combined elements of the Silverlink and Central Trains operations together. London Midland had various commitments to fulfil during the franchise period, including the procurement of at least 37 new multiple units, the introduction of a semi-fast service between London and Crewe, and to invest at least £11.5m into stations. Early rolling stock orders totalled 66 new trains, including two Class 139 Parry People Movers, 12 two-car and 15 three-car Class 172 Turbostars and 37 four-car Class 350/2 Desiros. Further orders and reorganisations of rolling stock would occur during the franchise period, although one effort, a planned year-long trial of the prototype Vivarail Class 230 DMU on the Coventry–Nuneaton line, had to be cancelled after the prototype suffered fire damage.

London Midland operated local services in the West Midlands and surrounding areas through its City sub-brand. It also provided long-distance and commuter services on the West Coast Main Line through the Express sub-brand from London Euston to and from the West Midlands, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire. Additionally, services on the Stourbridge Town branch line operated by Pre Metro Operations were branded as the London Midland Stourbridge Shuttle. The franchise was originally scheduled to expire in September 2015; this was extended to March 2016, and once again to October 2017 in return for London Midland's agreement to put on extra trains and enact other service improvements in this additional time.[2][3] During July 2017, London Midland's franchise was further extended until 10 December 2017,[4] after which point the new franchisee, West Midlands Trains, took over operations.

History

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The creation of London Midland came out of a wider initiative within the Department for Transport to redraw some of the passenger rail franchises that were operating in the mid-2000s.[5] Specifically, it was decided to break up the Silverlink network pending its renewal in November 2007; the Silverlink Metro services were transferred to the control of Transport for London under the banner of the London Overground,[6] while the Silverlink County services were merged with the Central Trains services around Birmingham to create a new West Midlands franchise.

The Central Trains franchise had also been selected for reorganisation, its operator having acquired an unfavourable reputation for poor timekeeping: its best performing period between 2000 and 2007 still saw one in six trains five minutes late or more,[7] with punctuality figures dropping as low as 61% in 2003.[8] The company also suffered from ongoing staff-relations problems which led to extensive and long-lasting cancellations of Sunday services.[9][10][11] It was originally announced that the Central Trains franchise would end in April 2007, although it was subsequently a extended until November 2007.[12]

The new West Midlands franchise was tendered and competitively bid for by private companies to operate it. On 22 June 2007, the Department for Transport announced it had awarded the West Midlands franchise to the British transport group Govia; the terms of this franchise included a start date of 11 November 2007, an end date of September 2015, an option for the Department to end the franchise after six years if Govia did not meet performance targets, and the provision of £1.13bn of subsidy over the course of the franchise, starting with £203m in the first full year and falling to £155m by the last. The company pledged to introduce a new semi-fast service between London and Crewe, acquire at least 37 new multiple units by July 2009, and invest a minimum of £11.5m into its stations.[13]

Services

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London Midland's services were divided between four groups of routes: London Euston Routes, Birmingham Regional, West Midlands Local and Branch Lines.[14][15]

  • London Euston Routes included train services between London Euston and Birmingham New Street or Crewe, as well as services which only use a small section of the route (e.g. Northampton – Birmingham New Street).
  • Birmingham Regional included longer-distance, semi-fast services between Birmingham New Street and Hereford, Shrewsbury or Liverpool Lime Street.
  • West Midlands Local included stopping services through Birmingham to nearby settlements such as Lichfield and Kidderminster.
  • Branch Lines included services which operate on branch lines that are essentially separate from the rest of the network.

London Midland operated several "parliamentary train" stations, where only a handful of trains a day call. These include:

  • Bordesley; 1 train per week on a Saturday, from Whitlocks End to Great Malvern, plus football specials.
  • Polesworth; 1 train per day from Northampton to Crewe.

London Midland also operated stations where it operated no services. These stations are only served by CrossCountry, which does not manage any stations. These included:

Former services

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A map of the former London Midland network
 
Class 170 at Gloucester.

In December 2008, London Midland discontinued the direct service between Walsall and Wolverhampton. Traffic on the route was low, but growing, and there was a campaign to keep the service.[16] The service was a priced option with the new West Midlands franchise, but the Department for Transport decided not to provide funding from December 2008, and as a result the service ceased.[17] There was only one early morning train on Saturdays from Wolverhampton to Walsall (Parliamentary service).[18]

During December 2008, a two-hourly Worcester Shrub Hill to Gloucester service was introduced to improve transport links between the two cities as well as to provide an increased service at Ashchurch for Tewkesbury. This service was withdrawn in December 2009 because of low passenger use.[19]

Proposed services

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In October 2010, London Midland applied to the Office of Rail Regulation to run a new hourly Birmingham to Preston service from 2016 by diverting every other Birmingham to Liverpool train. The Euston to Crewe service would also then be extended to Liverpool to maintain a half-hourly service between Crewe and Liverpool by 2016.[20][21] In March 2011, the application was rejected by the Office of Rail Regulation.[22] London Midland also sought to run additional evening and Sunday trains between Euston and Crewe, to satisfy what the company says was unmet demand.[20] From April 2012, London Midland began operating an hourly Euston to Crewe service on Sundays.[23]

In order to win a contract extension, London Midland had agreed to put on extra services, resulting in an extra 6,600 seats per week.[24]

Performance

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Passenger numbers on the West Midlands franchise from 2010–11 to 2018/19 Q1.[25][26]

During 2010, London Midland remarked on the high frequency of breakdowns across its fleet, attributing this poor performance as having been primarily due to the outdated rolling stock that it had inherited and was in the process of replacing.[27] In autumn and winter 2012, a significant volume of services suffered cancellations, which was reportedly due to an acute shortage of available train drivers.[28][29][30]

Performance since the staff shortages have been varied, reaching a low of 76% for the period between 10 November and 7 December 2013, while rising to a 92.2% for the period 1–26 April 2014.[31] According to figures released by national rail infrastructure operator Network Rail, London Midland's average punctuality since the start of the franchise was 87%.[32]

During September 2013, a new partnership agreement was struck between London Midland and transport authority Centro, which reportedly led to a £10 million investment in station improvements across the West Midlands. 'Transforming Rail Travel' was a deal between the two organisations to continue a two-year arrangement with the aim of delivering further enhancements to services and facilities.[33] During December 2014, the company announced that it would be providing additional seats onboard its trains in its next timetable.[34][35]

Against a background of ongoing rail strikes nationwide, during January 2017, the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) announced that it would be balloting guards at London Midland for potential industrial action over concerns regarding the introduction of externally-contracted security staff on its trains at the end of December 2016, which the RMT alleged would replace the role of "safety-critical" guards on some services, paving the way for DOO operation.[36] London Midland denied having plans in place to implement DOO operation on its network. Following negotiations with the RMT, London Midland ceased using externally-contracted security staff on its trains on 30 January; as a result, the RMT suspended its ballot on 2 February, averting potential industrial action, before formally declaring the dispute closed.[37]

Rolling stock

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A pair of trains approach Stourbridge Junction; both were procured by London Midland after gaining the franchise – a Class 139 railcar on the left arrives with a service from Stourbridge Town, while a Class 172 pulls in with a service towards Kidderminster

London Midland inherited a fleet of Class 150, Class 153, Class 170, Class 321, Class 323 and Class 350/1s from Central Trains and Silverlink.

One of the major franchise commitments was the replacement of the existing fleet of Class 150 and Class 321 units.[38] Upon being awarded the franchise, London Midland ordered a total of 66 new trains of three different types, comprising two Class 139 Parry People Movers, 12 two-car and 15 three-car Class 172 Turbostars and 37 four-car Class 350/2 Desiros.[39][40][41]

All but three Class 150 units were cascaded to First Great Western (12 x two-car, 2 x three-car) and Northern Rail (18 x two-car) and the Class 321s to First Capital Connect (13) and National Express East Anglia (17).[42][43] The Class 153, Class 170 and Class 323 units were all refurbished.

The first of the Class 350/2 units arrived in the UK in early October 2008 for testing at the Northampton Kings Heath Siemens Depot.[44] By July 2009, they were all in service.

London Midland was to lose all of its Class 321 units, but a change of plan saw it retain seven for use both on the Watford Junction to St Albans Abbey branch line and on peak-hour express services between Northampton/Milton Keynes Central/Tring-London Euston.[45][46][47] The final seven units moved to Abellio ScotRail in 2015/16,[48][49][50] and were replaced by seven Class 319s cascaded from Thameslink.[51][52][53]

The two Class 139 railcars were due to enter service on the Stourbridge line with the start of the new timetable on 15 December 2008. However, problems in testing caused a delay in their introduction, with a replacement bus covering the route following the reallocation of the Class 153 originally used.[54] The two railcars finally entered full passenger service in June 2009.[55]

London Midland was to lose all of its Class 150 units, but a change in plan saw it retain three Class 150 units as additional capacity, following a statement from the Department for Transport on 10 August 2011. However, London Midland transferred two Class 153 units to First Great Western as a result.[56] The other Class 150 units were transferred to First Great Western and Northern Rail.

During 2011, London Midland announced that it would be procuring a further 18 four-car Class 350 units, eight for itself and ten for sub-lease to First TransPennine Express.[57] In February 2012, it was announced that 20 Class 350 units had been ordered by London Midland. Ten Class 350/3 units entered service with London Midland, and ten Class 350/4 units with First TransPennine Express.[58][59]

The franchise agreement included the option of replacing the three remaining Class 150/1 in the fleet with six Class 153 units in June 2017.[60] The Northern franchise agreement indicates this option has been taken up, as the London Midland Class 150 units transferred to Northern in 2017. The Northern franchise agreement also ruled out the option of any additional Class 323 units being leased from Porterbrook to London Midland before 1 January 2019.[61] This option was not taken up as Northern kept its 323s.

In July 2016, London Midland and the West Midlands Combined Authority announced that it would run a year-long trial of the prototype Vivarail Class 230 DMU on the Coventry–Nuneaton line.[62] During January 2017, the trial was abruptly cancelled and the funding withdrawn by the West Midlands Combined Authority as a fire on the trial unit would have caused the trial to be impossible to complete before the end of the franchise.[63]

Fleet at end of franchise

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Class Image Type Top speed Carriages Number Routes operated Built
mph km/h
139   Railcar 40 64 1 2 2008
150/1 Sprinter[64]   DMU 75 121 2 3[65][66] 1984–1987
153 Super Sprinter   1 8 1987–1988
 
170/5 & 170/6 Turbostar   100 161 2 17 1999–2000
3 6
172/2 & 172/3 Turbostar   2 12 2011
3 15
319/0, 319/2 & 319/4   EMU 4 7 1987–1988
 
323   90 145 3 26 1992–1995
350/1, 350/2 & 350/3 Desiro   100 161 4 77 2004–2014
110 177
 
 

Past fleet

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Former units operated by London Midland include:

 Class   Image   Type   Carriages   Number   Built   Withdrawn 
321/4   EMU 4 37 1989–1990 2009–2015

Incidents

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On 26 November 2015, an early morning commuter service caught fire during the morning commuter rush and passengers had to be evacuated at Lapworth Station.[67]

Demise

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In April 2016, the Department for Transport (DfT) announced that Govia, MTR Corporation and a consortium of Abellio, East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Mitsui had been shortlisted to bid for the next franchise.[68] The Invitation to Tender (ITT) was issued in August 2016 and the franchise was due to be awarded in June 2017.[69] During July 2016, MTR Corporation announced its withdrawal from the bidding process.[70]

During July 2017, the franchise was extended until 10 December 2017.[4][71] In August 2017, the franchise was awarded to the consortium led by Abellio. The new company, named West Midlands Trains, commenced operations on 10 December 2017.[72][73]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Operated by Pre Metro Operations on behalf of London Midland; services were branded as London Midland.

References

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  1. ^ "London & Birmingham Railway Limited: Company no 5814584". Companies House. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  2. ^ "London Midland rail franchise extended to 2016". BBC News. 10 June 2014.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ "London Midland wins franchise extension". Railnews. 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b Jones, Tamlyn (17 July 2017). "London Midland wins franchise extension on key Birmingham route". Birmingham Mail. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  5. ^ "Rail franchising arrangements" (Press release). Department for Transport. October 2004. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  6. ^ "MTRLaing appointed to run London Overground". TheRailwayCentre.Com. 19 June 2007. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
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  8. ^ "Train punctuality plummets". BBC News. 13 March 2003. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  9. ^ "No drivers means no Sunday trains". BBC News. 16 December 2005. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  10. ^ "Driver shortage disrupts trains". BBC News. 17 December 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  11. ^ "Rail travellers face disruption". BBC News. 12 August 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
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  14. ^ "Our Network". London Midland.com. London Midland. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
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  20. ^ a b Miles, Tony. "Blackpool through service proposed in West Coast path frenzy". Modern Railways. No. December 2010. London. p. 6.
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  32. ^ "Performance Network Rail". Network rail. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
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  34. ^ "London Midland reveals new timetable and additional seating across network". Birmingham Mail. 2014. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  35. ^ "New timetable and new trains for London Midland". globalrailwayreview.com. 9 December 2014.
  36. ^ "London Midland train conductors to vote on strike action" (Press release). RMT union. 20 January 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
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  39. ^ "Parry People Movers for Stourbridge branch line". London Midland News. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  40. ^ "Twenty seven new trains for London Midland". London Midland. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  41. ^ "Porterbrook purchases new Siemens Class 350 Desiro trains for West Midlands Franchise". London Midland. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  42. ^ "FCC receives its first Class 321". Today's Railways UK. No. 89. May 2009. p. 65.
  43. ^ "The Class 321 EMUs". Today's Railways UK. No. 154. October 2014. p. 50.
  44. ^ "Siemens unveils Desiros for London Midland". Rail. No. 603. Peterborough. October 2008.
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  46. ^ "London Midland to introduce more seats for London commuters" (Press release). London Midland. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010.
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  48. ^ "ScotRail to receive LM Class 321/4s". Rail. No. 766. 21 January 2015. p. 7.
  49. ^ "London Midland 321s Scotland Bound". Railways Illustrated. No. 151. September 2015. p. 10.
  50. ^ "LO 321/4 converted for ScotRail". Rail. No. 797. 30 March 2016. p. 26.
  51. ^ "London Midland takes on Class 319s for Euston work". Rail. No. 779. 22 July 2015. p. 30.
  52. ^ "Seventh 319 for LM". Today's Railways. No. 174. June 2016. p. 69.
  53. ^ "LM receives its seventh 319". Rail. No. 804. 6 July 2016. p. 30.
  54. ^ "Delay to new Class 139 Parry People Mover service" (Press release). London Midland. 5 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
  55. ^ "The fleet's in! Class 139 enters service at Stourbridge" (Newsletter). Parry News. Parry People Movers. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  56. ^ "Freedom of Information Act Request – F0007261" (PDF). Department for Transport. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  57. ^ Samuel, A. (15 September 2011). "New rolling stock for London Midland & First TransPennine Express". Rail.co. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  58. ^ "Extra trains and faster journey times will boost capacity" (Press release). Department for Transport. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  59. ^ "London Midland's new trains bring extra capacity and faster journeys" (Press release). London Midland. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  60. ^ "London Midland Direct Award Franchise Agreement" (PDF). Department for Transport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  61. ^ "Northern Franchise Agreement" (PDF). Department for Transport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  62. ^ Gillman, Alice (22 July 2016). "Class 230 to enter passenger service this year". Vivarail. Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  63. ^ "Funding for D-Train trial withdrawn after engine fire". Rail News. 10 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  64. ^ "West Midlands Rail Franchise Consultation: Comments of West Midlands Campaign for Better Transport" (PDF). West Midlands Campaign for Better Transport. 16 March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  65. ^ "AbRail Rail Databases – Diesel Multiple Units". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  66. ^ "Operations in the West Midlands". Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. March 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  67. ^ "London Midland train fire: 200 passengers evacuated". BBC News. 26 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  68. ^ "East Japan Railway on West Midlands franchise shortlist". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017.
  69. ^ "West Midlands franchise ITT issued". Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  70. ^ "MTR withdraws from West Midlands bidding". Modern Railways. No. 815. London. August 2016. p. 21.
  71. ^ "Moments rail passengers will not forget". BBC News. 10 December 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  72. ^ "More seats for rail passengers as nearly £1 billion is invested in Midlands services". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  73. ^ "West Midlands Trains Ltd announced as winning bidder for West Midlands franchise" (PDF). Abellio. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
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  Media related to London Midland at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Central Trains
Central Trains franchise
 Operator of West Midlands franchise
2007–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Silverlink
North London Railways franchise
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