Lancia Thema

Lancia Thema
Lancia Thema I.E (post-facelift)
Overview
Manufacturer	Fiat Auto (1984–1986) Alfa-Lancia Industriale (1987–1991) Fiat Auto (1991–1994)
Production	1984–1994
Assembly	Italy: Mirafiori plant, Turin Borgo San Paolo plant, Turin Grugliasco, Turin (Pininfarina)
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign (saloon) Pininfarina (station wagon)
Body and chassis
Class	Executive car (E)
Body style	4-door saloon 5-door station wagon
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Fiat Tipo Quattro[3]
Related	Saab 9000 Alfa Romeo 164 Fiat Croma
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 2.0 L Fiat 834B I4 2.0 L Fiat 834C.146 turbo I4 2.8 L PRV V6 3.0 L Alfa Romeo V6 2.9 L Ferrari Tipo F105L V8 Diesel: 2.5 L Sofim 8144.91 turbo-diesel I4 2.5 L Sofim 8144.97 turbo-diesel I4
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic[4]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,660 mm (104.7 in)
Length	4,590 mm (180.7 in)
Width	1,755 mm (69.1 in)
Height	1,440 mm (56.7 in)
Kerb weight	1,150–1,300 kg (2,535.3–2,866.0 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor	Lancia Gamma
Successor	Lancia Kappa

 

The Lancia Thema was announced in May 1984,^[5] then introduced to the motoring press with an event held in October 1984 in Vienna, and to the general public at the Turin Motor Show in November of the same year.^[6]

The first series of the Thema was built between 1984 and 1988, with four different models initially available. Two came with a twin cam 8-valve, fuel injected 1,995 cc (2.0 L) 4-cylinder petrol engine, in naturally aspirated guise on the Thema i.e. or turbocharged and intercooled on the Thema i.e. turbo. Power output was 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) and 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) respectively. The most expensive model was the Thema 6V, powered by a 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp), 2,849 cc (2.8 L) V6, tuned for smoothness. On most European markets a 2,445 cc (2.4 L), 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) four-cylinder turbocharged and intercooled four-cylinder diesel engine was also available, on the Thema turbo ds. 1986 saw the introduction of the Pininfarina-designed Thema Station Wagon, available with the two turbocharged engine options only,^[7] and of the Ferrari V8-engined Thema 8·32.

 

The second series of the Thema was presented in the Paris Motor Show in September 1988.^[8] New 16-valve 2.0-litre engines replaced the previous 8-valve units, increasing the power output to 147 PS (108 kW; 145 hp) on the naturally aspirated Thema i.e. 16v and to 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp) on the Thema turbo 16v. The 8-valve 2-litre, now producing 117 PS (86 kW; 115 hp), remained on sale on the Thema i.e. base model. The 147 PS (108 kW; 145 hp) six-cylinder on the Thema V6 was only mildly revised. The diesel engine on the Thema turbo ds increased marginally in capacity, to 2,499 cc (2.5 L), and more significantly in output, to 118 PS (87 kW; 116 hp).^[8]

A number of small visual updates were made to freshen the Thema's look. Upfront there was a more prominent grille with vertical instead of horizontal bars, and the turn indicators had been moved beneath the main headlamp units, under horizontal dark-tinted lenses. At the rear all model badging was removed, and the turn signals and backup lamp lenses were now tinted red. Finally, the side rubbing strips, side skirts, wheel covers and 8-spoke alloy wheels were redesigned. The station wagon and the 8·32 received similar updates. With five engines available on the saloon, three on the SW (the two 16-valve petrols and the turbo diesel), the Thema range consisted of nine different models. The different models received almost no visual distinctions, aside from the 8·32. Other models looked largely identical aside from badging, wheel dimensions, and wheel design (along with body-coloured mirror housings on top versions).^[9] Additionally the 4- and 6-cylinder petrol engines were also produced in catalytic converter-equipped versions, with slightly reduced output, for sale on markets where such equipment was mandatory.

The series two was then replaced by the facelifted third and last series, introduced at the Paris Motor Show in September 1992 and produced from 1992 to 1994. Four trim levels—base, LE, LS and LX—were introduced across the range; the 2.9-litre V6 engine was replaced by a more powerful 175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) 3.0-litre unit, sourced from Alfa Romeo.^[10]

Production of the Thema ceased in 1994, when Lancia also withdrew entirely from RHD markets (including the United Kingdom) in response to falling sales. The Thema was replaced by the Kappa. A total of over 336,000 Thema saloons were produced.^[11]

 

In addition to the saloon, a station wagon was jointly developed and produced by Lancia and Pininfarina in Grugliasco. It was shown in prototype form at the September 1985 Frankfurt Motor Show,^[12] and in definitive form at the March 1986 Geneva Motor Show.^[7] Zagato had also shown a station wagon proposal earlier, at the 1985 Geneva Motor Show. This prototype, which remained a design study, with a larger glass area in the rear and with more discreet D-pillars than for the Pininfarina variant.^[13]

Pininfarina was also tasked with producing the new bodystyle. The Lancia factory assembled all the body-in-white parts shared with the saloon; the incomplete bodies were sent to Pininfarina, where they were completed and painted, and final assembly was carried out. The station wagon version was never offered in a right-hand drive variant. In total 21,074 Thema station wagons would be built by Pininfarina between 1986 and 1994 in their Borgo San Paolo plant.^[14]

First shown at the Turin Auto Show in 1986, the Lancia Thema 8·32 ("8" standing for the number of cylinders and "32" for the number of valves) was assembled at Lancia's S. Paolo plant in Turin.^[15] It used a 2,927 cc (2.9 L), Tipo F105L, Ferrari V8. This engine was based on the unit used in the Ferrari 308 GTB and in the Ferrari Mondial Quattrovalvole, and some of the components were assembled by Ducati^[16] from castings made at Maranello. The engine differed from other Ferrari V8s of the time in that it was equipped with a cross-plane type crankshaft rather than the usual flat-plane crankshaft, smaller valves and a different firing order: all this was to make the engine's characteristics more suitable for a four-door luxury saloon. In non-catalysed form the engine produced 215 PS (158 kW) at 6,750 rpm, and the car was capable of accelerating from 0–100 km/h in 6.8 seconds and could attain top speed of 240 km/h (149 mph).^[17] Catalysed versions produce 205 PS (151 kW), which allowed for 0–100 km/h acceleration in 7.2 seconds and a top speed of 235 km/h (146 mph). The transmission was a 5-speed manual transmission; there was no automatic option. The braking system used larger 294 mm vented front discs and the standard 251 mm rear ones from the other Thema variants.

 

All 8·32s featured Bosch KE3 Jetronic fuel injection, ABS, ZF's brand new Servotronic electronically controlled rack-and-pinion power steering (which varied steering wheel effort according to vehicle speed), and a retractable rear spoiler.^[18] The latter, designed to increase high speed stability, was controlled by the driver via a rotary switch on the right stalk. In closed position, it would fit flush with the boot lid. The tyres were specially developed 205/55 VR15 Goodyears on five-spoke 6J×15 alloy wheels.

The car offered a handmade wood-and-Alcantara (or optional Poltrona Frau leather) interior, and was complete with similar luxury equipment similar to the LX trim level of the Thema. Stitched leather covered the entire dashboard, the steering wheel (including centre), gear and handbrake levers and booths, centre console, door panels and sun visors, while the headlining was done in Alcantara. A bespoke dashboard fascia housed two main instruments, six small auxiliary gauges, and triple round air conditioning vents. Like the door cappings and the lids concealing the radio and ashtray, it was veneered in matte varnish burr wood. The instrumentation had black dials with yellow hands and markings; it included water thermometer, oil thermometer and pressure gauge, and check panels for the lights and the drivetrain. The seats (and matching door panel inserts) were trimmed in beige or date brown Alcantara as standard, with black or brown leather was an optional extra. Brown interiors got colour-matching switchgear, carpets and trim. Irrespective of interior selection, Thema 8·32 buyers could choose from five paint colours, all metallic finishes: Blizzard Blue, Winner Red, Quartz Grey, Reflex Green and Black. A double hand-painted pinstripe (the upper matched to body colour, the lower yellow) ran along the sides and the rear of the car. Besides the paint scheme, retractable spoiler and wheels, the only exterior details setting the 8·32 apart from other Themas were yellow "8·32" badges, a silver eggcrate-type grille, and twin exhaust outlets. Some notable options were automatic climate control, electrically actuated sunroof, provision for a car phone in the front armrest, and rear individual power seats.^[19]

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  Poltrona Frau interior
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  The 3-litre V8 was badged "Lancia by Ferrari"
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  The rear spoiler retracted flush with the boot lid

In 1988, the 8·32 received series 2 updates like other Thema models, including new lights front and rear, a smaller grille badge, removal of model badging at the rear and on the side skirts, and the new side rubbing strips (previously absent on this model). The 8·32 did not received the facelift treatment of the third series of the Thema. This version of the Thema was produced in limited numbers, with 2,370 Series 1 cars built between 1986 and 1988 and 1,601 Series 2 carss built between 1989 and 1992. All were left-hand drive, although one Thema 8·32 was converted to right hand drive by TAK Motor Co. in South Africa in 1987 for the Managing Director of TAK.

The Thema 8·32's key competitors were some of the fastest saloon models of the late 1980s including the Audi 100 Quattro, BMW M535i, Ford Sierra RS Cosworth, Saab 9000 2.3 Turbo S, and the Vauxhall Lotus Carlton/Opel Lotus Omega. Road & Track described the 8·32 as "one of the weirder sleepers to come out of the 1980s".^[20]

Towards the end of his life, Enzo Ferrari owned an 8·32 as his personal transport.^{[21][22][23][24]}

Built only on request for wealthy customers and Fiat Group executives, the Lancia Thema Limousine featured the same interior as the LX and the 8·32 versions. Most of them were powered by a 2.8 L PRV V6 engine, replaced in the last ones by the 3.0 L Alfa Romeo V6 engine. Only 24 Thema Limousines were built.^[25] The wheelbase of the car was extended by 30 cm (1 ft) to 2,960 mm (116.5 in), with a resulting overall length of 4,890 mm (192.5 in). The weight increased to 1,400 kg (3,090 lb), or by just over one fifth. The price, meanwhile, was up nearly sixty percent over a comparably equipped regular wheelbase Thema V6.^[26]

With the exception of the 8·32 Ferrari engine, Thema powerplants originated from the Fiat engine series designed by Aurelio Lampredi, the famed engine designer formerly of Ferrari and Alfa Romeo. The straight-4 2.0 L petrol engine, available in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions, was refined and offered good performance. Earlier Themas were also offered with a 2.8 L PRV V6 engine, developed in cooperation with Peugeot, Renault, and Volvo. This unit was replaced in 1992 with a 3.0 L Alfa Romeo V6 engine (Fiat had bought Alfa Romeo in 1986 and gained access to this engine).

Lancia Thema II
Overview
Manufacturer	Fiat Group Automobiles
Also called	Chrysler 300 (North America) Chrysler 300C
Production	2011–2014
Model years	2011–2014
Assembly	Brampton, Ontario, Canada (Brampton Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door notchback sedan
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Platform	Chrysler LD platform
Related	Dodge Charger Dodge Challenger
Powertrain
Engine	3.6 L Chrysler Pentastar V6 3.0 L VM A630 turbodiesel V6
Transmission	5-speed 5G-Tronic automatic 8-speed ZF 8HP45 automatic[27]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	120.2 in (3,053 mm)
Length	198.6 in (5,044 mm)
Width	75.1 in (1,908 mm)
Height	58.4 in (1,483 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Lancia Thesis

Chrysler marketed the 300C for model years 2011–2014 as the Lancia Thema in Europe's left hand drive markets. Right-hand drive markets (the United Kingdom and Ireland) kept the Chrysler 300C badging.^[28]

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  Lancia Thema
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  Lancia Thema rear view