John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley, PC, FRS (9 August 1781 – 6 March 1833), known as the Honourable John Ward from 1788 to 1823 and as the 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward from 1823 to 1827, was a British politician and slave holder. He served as Foreign Secretary from 1827 to 1828.
The Earl of Dudley | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 30 April 1827 – 2 June 1828 | |
| Monarch | George IV |
| Prime Minister | George Canning The Viscount Goderich The Duke of Wellington |
| Preceded by | George Canning |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Aberdeen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 August 1781 |
| Died | 6 March 1833 (aged 51) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Tory |
| Parent(s) | William Ward, 3rd Viscount Dudley and Ward Julia Bosville |
| Alma mater | |
Background and education
editDudley was the son of William Ward, 3rd Viscount Dudley and Ward, and his wife Julia Bosville, and was educated at Oxford University (starting at Oriel College in 1798 and transferring to Corpus Christi College, Oxford as a Gentleman Commoner in 1800).
Political career
editDudley entered the House of Commons in 1802 as one of two representatives for Downton. He held this seat until 1803 and later represented Worcestershire from 1803 to 1806, Petersfield from 1806 to 1807, Wareham from 1807 to 1812, Ilchester from 1812 to 1819 and Bossiney from 1819 to 1823. The latter year he succeeded his father in the peerage and took his seat in the House of Lords.
In 1827 Ward was appointed Foreign Secretary under George Canning, a post he held also under Lord Goderich and the Duke of Wellington, resigning office in May 1828. In 1827 he was admitted to the Privy Council and created Viscount Ednam, of Ednam in the County of Roxburgh, and Earl of Dudley, of Dudley Castle in the County of Stafford. As foreign minister Ward was only a cipher; but he was a man of considerable learning and had some reputation as a writer and a talker. Dudley took an interest in the foundation of the University of London, and his Letters to Edward Copleston, the Bishop of Llandaff, were published by the bishop in 1840.[1]
Slave holder
editDudley was associated with three different cases, he owned 665 slaves in Jamaica and his estate was awarded a £12,728 payment at the time (worth £1.53 million in 2024[2]).[3]
Personal life
editDudley died unmarried on 6 March 1833, aged 51. His two viscountcies and his earldom became extinct on his death while he was succeeded in his junior title of Baron Ward by his second cousin Reverend William Humble Ward.[1]
Industries of the estate
editAs Lord of Dudley, John Ward inherited mineral bearing lands in the Black Country region of England which included coal and limestone mines and furnaces. An agreement to construct a rail line was signed in 1827 by James Foster, a local ironmaster, and Francis Downing, the mineral agent of John William Ward.[4] The line connected some of the coal pits owned by the Dudley estate to the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. The line opened in June 1829 and was operated by the early steam locomotive Agenoria. This line was later connected to a network of private railways owned by John Ward's successors, which became known as the Earl of Dudley’s Railway.[5]
John William Ward inherited estates in Jamaica from his grandmother Mary, Viscountess Dudley and Ward, which included enslaved people. After emancipation of the slaves in 1833, the Dudley estate received compensation for the freed slaves (the Earl having died by this time).[6]
Works
editLetters from Ward to Helen D'Arcy Stewart were published as Letters to "Ivy" from the first Earl of Dudley (1905).[7]
References
edit- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dudley, Barons and Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 636.
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "John William Ward, Earl of Dudley". University College London. Retrieved on 15 September 2021.
- ^ Fort, David (1989). Paul Collins (ed.). Stourbridge and its Historic Locomotives. Dudley, UK: Dudley Leisure Services. ISBN 978-0-900911-25-5.
- ^ Williams, Ned (2014). The Earl of Dudley's Railway. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9308-4.
- ^ "'John William Ward, Earl of Dudley', Legacies of British Slave-ownership database". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
- ^ 1st Earl of Dudley, John William Ward (1905). Romilly, Samuel Henry (ed.). Letters to 'Ivy' from the first Earl of Dudley. London, New York, Bombay: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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