[go: up one dir, main page]
Wikipedia

Jihadi John

Mohammed Emwazi (born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri; Arabic: محمد جاسم عبد الكريم عليان الظفيري;‎ 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a British militant of Kuwaiti origin seen in several videos produced by the Islamist extremist group Islamic State (IS) showing the beheadings of a number of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him "John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with English accents whom they called 'The Beatles'; the press later began calling him "Jihadi John".[3]

Mohammed Emwazi
Emwazi wearing a mask in a video of a killing
Born
Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri

(1988-08-17)17 August 1988[1]
Al Jahra, Kuwait[2]
Died12 November 2015(2015-11-12) (aged 27)
Raqqa, Syria
Cause of deathDrone strike
Other names"Mohammed Emwazi"[3]
"John the Beatle"[4]
"Jailer John"[5]
Abu Abdullah al-Britani[6]
Abu Muharib al-Yemeni[7]
Mohammed al-Ayan[8]
Muhammad ibn Muazzam[9]
Mohammed Al-Zuhary[10]
Abu Muharib al-Muhajir[11] Jihadi John[3]
CitizenshipBritish[12]
EducationBSc (lower second-class honours) in Information Systems with Business Management from the University of Westminster (2009)[13][14]
Known forIslamic State beheading incidents
Military career
Allegiance Al-Nusra Front (2012–13)[7]
Islamic State (2013–15)[7]
Years of service2012–2015[15]
Battles / warsSyria

On 12 November 2015, United States officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Raqqa, Syria.[16] His death was confirmed by IS in January 2016.[11]

Early life

edit

Emwazi was born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri[17] on 17 August 1988 in Kuwait[1] as the eldest of five children[18] to Jassem and Ghaneyah Emwazi.[15] The family, who were Bidoon of Iraqi origin,[15] lived in the Taima area of the town of Al Jahra, which was known as a "slumtown" where stateless people were ghettoized by the Kuwaiti government.[19] They were undocumented, considered stateless and without Kuwaiti citizenship status.[19] The family moved to the United Kingdom in 1994 when he was six.[20] They settled in inner west London, moving between several properties in Maida Vale,[18] later living in St John's Wood and finally in Queen's Park.[18][21] Emwazi attended St Mary Magdalene Church of England primary school, and later Quintin Kynaston School.[22] According to his former headteacher, Emwazi experienced some bullying at school.[23]

In 2006, he went to the University of Westminster, studying Information Systems with Business Management. He secured a lower second-class Bachelor of Science honours degree on graduation three years later.[22] At age 21, he worked as a salesman at an IT company in Kuwait and was considered by his boss as the best employee the company ever had.[15]

At some point[when?] he became a British citizen.[12]

Emwazi was known to MI5 years prior to his sightings in IS execution videos, having initially been suspected of having links to Al-Shabaab, and was repeatedly prevented from travelling back to Kuwait.[24] The case prompted former British shadow home secretary David Davis to criticise the approach of UK intelligence services, noting "the numbers who appear to have 'slipped through the net'". [25]

Nicknames

edit

Emwazi was given the nickname "John" by a group of his hostages. The hostages said that he guarded Western hostages while handling communications with their families, and was part of a terrorist cell they called 'The Beatles' because the cell members all had British accents.[26] The nickname refers to John Lennon of the Beatles; the three other group members were each given the first name of one of the other Beatles.

The nicknames "Jihadi John", "Jailer John" and "John the Beatle" were created by journalists.[3] "Jihadi John" was used on 20 August 2014 in the conservative magazine The Spectator in a piece titled "Jihadi John – a very British export" by Douglas Murray, a frequent critic of Islam,[27] and soon after joined by the BBC and other sources.[28]

Victims

edit
See also: Islamic State beheading incidents

The following are reported victims of Jihadi John:

James Foley

edit
Main article: James Foley (journalist)

In a video uploaded to YouTube on 19 August 2014, Foley read a prepared statement criticising the United States, the recent airstrikes in Iraq, and his brother who serves in the US Air Force.[29] Emwazi, wearing a mask, also read a prepared statement in which he criticised the US and President Barack Obama and made demands to cease the 2014 American-led intervention in Iraq.[29] The masked man then beheaded Foley off-camera, after which he threatened to behead Steven Sotloff if his demands were not met.[30] The FBI and US National Security Council confirmed that the video, which included footage of Foley's beheaded corpse, was genuine.[29]

Steven Sotloff

edit
Main article: Steven Sotloff

On 2 September 2014, a video was released reportedly showing American journalist Steven Sotloff's beheading by Emwazi.[31] The White House confirmed the video's authenticity.[32]

David Haines

edit
Main article: David Haines (aid worker)

On 13 September 2014, a video, directed at British Prime Minister David Cameron, was released, showing British hostage aid worker David Haines being beheaded by Emwazi.[33]

Alan Henning

edit
Main article: Alan Henning

On 3 October 2014, a video released by IS showed Emwazi beheading British aid worker Alan Henning.[34] Henning, a taxi driver from Salford, Greater Manchester, had volunteered to deliver aid to Syria.[35] He was kidnapped in Al-Dana, an area held then by IS, on 27 December 2013.[36][37]

Peter Kassig

edit
Main article: Peter Kassig

On 16 November 2014 a video was posted by IS of Emwazi standing over a severed head, which the White House confirmed was that of Peter Kassig.[38] Kassig's actual beheading was not shown, and unlike earlier hostage beheading videos he did not make a statement.[39] There has been speculation that, faced with the prospect of being beheaded, he may have resisted and been shot dead: a senior surgeon performed a detailed examination of the video and saw possible evidence of a gunshot wound.[40][41]

Syrian soldiers

edit

The video that ended with a shot of Kassig's severed head showed the beheadings of a number of Syrian soldiers in gruesome detail, by a group led by a masked Emwazi. It was said by the BBC that, unlike previous videos, this one shows the faces of many of the militants, indicates the location as being Dabiq in Aleppo Province, and that this video "revels in gore." Unlike previous videos that cut away without showing the killing, Emwazi is shown beheading a victim.[42] Initially, the number killed was variously reported as at least 12,[43] or 18.[42] Subsequent analysis by the Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium and UK-based counter-extremism think tank Quilliam concluded that 22 captive soldiers were executed.[44][45]

Haruna Yukawa and Kenji Goto

edit
Main article: Kenji Goto

Haruna Yukawa, age 42, was captured sometime before August 2014.[46] Kenji Goto, age 47, was captured sometime in October 2014 while trying to rescue Yukawa.[47] In January 2015, a threat was issued that they would be killed unless the Japanese government paid a ransom of US$200 million.[48] Yukawa was beheaded on 24 January, and Goto on 31 January 2015.[49]

Analysis of videos

edit

Officially the FBI and US National Security Council confirmed that the James Foley video, which ended with footage of a beheaded corpse, was genuine.[29] David Cameron and the British Foreign Office also confirmed the authenticity of the video showing the death of David Haines.[50]

An unnamed forensics expert commissioned by The Times to look at the James Foley video said, "I think it has been staged. My feeling is that the murder may have happened after the camera was stopped." The Times concluded that "No one is questioning that the photojournalist James Foley was beheaded, but camera trickery and slick post-production techniques appear to have been used."[51] Two unnamed video specialists in the International Business Times of Australia claimed that portions of the video appeared to be staged and edited.[52] James Alvarez, a British-American hostage negotiator, also claimed the James Foley video was "expertly staged", with the use of two separate cameras and a clip-on microphone attached to Foley's orange jumpsuit.[29] Jeff Smith, associate director of the CU Denver National Center for Media Forensics in the US, said "What's most interesting is that the actual beheading that takes place in the videos, both of them are staged."[53]

British analyst Eliot Higgins (Brown Moses) published photographic and video forensic evidence suggesting that the James Foley video was taken at a spot in the hills south of the Syrian city of Raqqa.[54][55][56]

Identification and manhunt

edit
See also: The Beatles (terrorist cell)

Search for identity and early speculation

edit
See also: United Kingdom and the Islamic State and Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary

"Jihadi John" became the subject of a manhunt by the FBI, MI5, and Scotland Yard.[57][58][59] In his videos, "Jihadi John" concealed his identity by covering himself from head to toe in black, except for tan desert boots, with a mask that left only his eyes visible.[57] Despite this, several facts about "Jihadi John" could be ascertained from both videos. He spoke with an apparent London or southern England accent[57] and appeared to have a skin tone consistent with North African or South Asian descent.[29] In both videos, he was seen to sport a pistol in a leather shoulder holster under his left shoulder, typical of right-handed people,[60] but his actions in the videos suggest he is left-handed.[61]

Other factors that could have led to his identification were his height, general physique, the pattern of veins on the back of his hands,[29] his voice and clothes.[29][57] A team of analysts might use the topography of the landscape in the video in an attempt to identify the location.[29] On 24 August 2014, the British Ambassador to the United States, Sir Peter Westmacott, said that Britain was very close to identifying "Jihadi John" using sophisticated voice recognition technology,[62] but when pressed, refused to disclose any other details.[63]

On 20 September 2014, the United States Senate approved a US$10 million reward for information that led to the capture of anyone involved in the murders of James Foley, Steven Sotloff and David Cawthorne Haines.[64] On 20 November, the bill, extending the potential scope of the reward program to any American kidnapped and murdered by a "foreign terrorist organization" and limiting the reward to a maximum of US$5 million, was referred to the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs.[65]

On 14 September British Prime Minister David Cameron confirmed that the identity of "Jihadi John" was known but had yet to be revealed.[66]

On 25 September, FBI Director James Comey told reporters that they had identified the suspect, but did not give information regarding the man's identity or nationality.[67] "I believe that we have identified him. I'm not going to tell you who I believe it is," Comey stated.[68] Michael Ryan, an author and scholar from the Middle East Institute speculated, "maybe 98 percent or 95 percent sure is not sure enough to put a man's name out."[67]

In August 2014, The Sunday Times reported that Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary ("L Jinny"), 23, a hip-hop musician from West London, had "emerged as a key suspect" in the investigation.[69][70] Other sources also stated that Abu Hussain Al-Britani, 20, a computer hacker from Birmingham, and Abu Abdullah al-Britani, in his 20s from Portsmouth, were suspects.[70][71]

Mohammed Emwazi

edit

On 26 February 2015, The Washington Post identified the perpetrator as Mohammed Emwazi, a British man then in his mid-20s who was born in Kuwait and grew up in west London.[72][73][74] The Washington Post investigation was undertaken by Souad Mekhennet and Adam Goldman.[72]

According to his student card from the University of Westminster, Emwazi was born on 17 August 1988.[1]

The BBC stated that Emwazi is believed to be "an associate of a former UK control order suspect ... who travelled to Somalia in 2006 and is allegedly linked to a facilitation and funding network for Somali militant group al-Shabab."[75] He reportedly prayed on occasion at a mosque in Greenwich.[72] He graduated with a degree in Information Systems with Business Management from the University of Westminster in 2009.[13] His last known UK address was in Queen's Park, North London.[20]

The Post reported interviews with Emwazi's friends indicating that Emwazi was radicalised after a planned safari to Tanzania following his graduation. According to the interviews, Emwazi and two friends, a German convert to Islam named Omar and another man, Abu Talib, never made the safari. Rather, upon landing in Dar es Salaam in May 2009, the three were detained, held overnight by police, and eventually deported. In May 2010, The Independent reported on the episode, identifying Emwazi as Muhammad ibn Muazzam. According to e-mails sent by Emwazi to Asim Qureshi, the research director of the human rights group Cage, and that were provided to the Post, after leaving Tanzania, Emwazi flew to Amsterdam, where he claimed that an MI5 officer accused him of attempting to go to Somalia, where al-Shabab operates. Emwazi denied attempting to reach Somalia, but a former hostage told the Post that "Jihadi John was obsessed with Somalia" and forced captives to watch videos about al-Shabab.[72] Tanzanian officials have denied that they detained and deported Emwazi at the request of MI5, saying instead that he had been refused entry for being drunk and abusive.[76]

Later, Emwazi and his friends were permitted to return to Britain, where Emwazi met with Qureshi in late 2009. The Post quoted Qureshi as saying that Emwazi was "incensed" at the way he had been treated. Emwazi moved to Kuwait shortly afterward, where (according to emails he wrote to Qureshi), he worked for a computer company. Emwazi returned to London twice, however, and, on the second visit, he made plans to wed a woman in Kuwait.[72]

In June 2010, Emwazi was detained by counter-terrorism officials in Britain, who searched and fingerprinted him, and blocked him from returning to Kuwait. In an email four months later to Qureshi, Emwazi expressed sympathy for Aafia Siddiqui who had just been sentenced in US federal court for assault and attempted murder. Qureshi said he last heard from Emwazi when Emwazi sought advice from him in January 2012. Close friends of Emwazi interviewed by the Post said that he was "desperate to leave the country" and one friend stated that Emwazi unsuccessfully tried to travel to Saudi Arabia to teach English in 2012. Sometime after January 2012, Emwazi travelled to Syria, where he apparently contacted his family and at least one of his friends.[72]

In March 2015, the media reported that his mother had recognised Jihadi John's voice as her son's;[77] meanwhile, his father denied that this had happened or that Emwazi was Jihadi John.[78]

Reactions

edit

United States President Barack Obama condemned the actions of "Jihadi John" and vowed punishment for all the militants responsible for the videotaped beheadings.[79] US Secretary of State John Kerry also called "Jihadi John" a "coward behind a mask" and, echoing Obama, stated that all those responsible would be held accountable by the United States.[79] British officials have also reiterated their commitment to capturing "Jihadi John". Admiral Alan West, a former UK Minister for Security and Counter-terrorism, said that he is a "dead man walking" who will be "hunted down" like Osama bin Laden.[80] Prime Minister David Cameron also stated that he was absolutely certain that Jihadi John would "one way or another, face justice", and he also condemned the actions of "Jihadi John".[81][82] UK Justice Secretary Chris Grayling, and Secretary General of Interpol Ronald Noble also stated that Jihadi John should be brought to justice.[83]

Reacting to the naming of Emwazi by the media, a representative for the Sotloff family told the BBC that they would wish to see Emwazi imprisoned.[84] Bethany Haines, daughter of David, said "It's a good step but I think all the families will feel closure and relief once there's a bullet between his eyes."[85]

Lord Carlile, a former independent reviewer of UK anti-terror laws, said, "Had control orders been in place, in my view there is a realistic prospect that Mohammed Emwazi, and at least two of his associates, would have been the subject of control orders with a compulsory relocation."[86]

In reaction to the revelation, Emwazi's father, Jassem, has said that he is ashamed of his son. Previously, when he learned from his son that he was going to Syria "for jihad", Jassem had told him that he hoped he would be killed.[87] But the day after the naming he issued a statement denying that his son was Jihadi John.[78] An unidentified cousin issued a statement which said, "We hate him. We hope he will be killed soon. This will be good news for our family."[88]

On 8 March 2015, according to The Sunday Times, Emwazi apologised for "problems and trouble the revelation of his identity has caused" his family, but he expressed no remorse for his victims. The message was conveyed via an unspecified third party.[89]

Death

edit

On 12 November 2015, two United States drone aircraft along with a British drone conducted an airstrike in Raqqa. The target was Emwazi. The strike was timed while he was leaving a building and entering a vehicle.[90][91] A US official called it a "flawless" and "clean hit" with no collateral damage and that Emwazi was "evaporated."[92] US officials stated he had been killed,[92] and a senior US military official was quoted as saying, "we are 99% sure we got him."[91] On 14 December 2015, US President Barack Obama stated Emwazi had been "taken out".[93]

UK Prime Minister, David Cameron, stated the UK and the US had been working "hand in glove, round the clock" to track Emwazi's location, and that the drone strike was "an act of self-defence."[16][94]

On 19 January 2016, in the IS magazine Dabiq, the group confirmed that Emwazi had been killed by a drone strike in Raqqa.[95] The obituary showed him unmasked and referred to him as Abu Muharib al-Muhajir.[11][96] Further photographs showing him unmasked in Syria were released on 26 January 2016.[97]

Later events

edit

In July 2017, German-based journalist Souad Mekhennet published I Was Told to Come Alone: My Journey Behind the Lines of Jihad, which details the hunt to identify and kill Jihadi John, in part through her own investigations.[98] She was the lead reporter of a story, published in The Washington Post, that first revealed his true identity.[99]

In September 2017, The Telegraph released old video footage showing Mohammed Emwazi and other IS members relaxing unmasked and talking casually.[100]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c "First Photo of 'Jihadi John' As Adult Revealed". Sky News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Mother recognised Mohammed Emwazi's voice on hostage videos". BBC. 2 March 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d "'Jihadi John': Why do we give notorious criminals nicknames?". The Independent. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022.
  4. ^ Byman, Daniel (2019). "John the Beatle and the Syrian Civil War". Road Warriors: Foreign Fighters in the Armies of Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 164–203.
  5. ^ "The hunt for British jihadist 'Jailer John'". The Times. 21 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Dozens of jihadis in fighting in Syria using the name 'al-Britani'". The Independent. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Jihadi John: A quiet man who hated Britain and was 'always ready for war'". ITV News. 25 February 2015.
  8. ^ "Mohammed Emwazi Revealed As Jihad John: What We Know About Islamic State's Most Wanted Man". The Huffington Post. 2 March 2015.
  9. ^ "Mohammed Emwazi: Man identified as Isis killer 'Jihadi John' 'stopped by MI5' while on safari holiday in Africa in 2010". The Independent. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022.
  10. ^ "The moment Jihadi John may have become a terrorist". The Washington Post. 2 March 2015.
  11. ^ a b c "ISIS confirms death of 'Jihadi John'". CNN. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  12. ^ a b Bryan, Dave (19 January 2016). "IS acknowledges death of 'Jihadi John' in magazine". AP News. Jihadi John had been identified by the U.S. military as Mohammed Emwazi, a Kuwaiti-born British citizen
  13. ^ a b "'Jihadi John' Used To Be 'Kind And Gentle'". Sky News. 27 February 2015.
  14. ^ "Jihadi John: Student record of Mohammed Emwazi leaked". The Daily Telegraph. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d "'The best employee we ever had': Mohammed Emwazi's former boss in Kuwait". The Guardian. 2 March 2015.
  16. ^ a b "'Jihadi John': high degree of certainty US airstrike killed Mohammed Emwazi, sources say". The Guardian. 13 November 2015.
  17. ^ O'Neill, Sean; Tomlinson, Hugh (3 March 2015). "Spies were so much on Emwazi's case they bought his computer". The Australian. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  18. ^ a b c Malnick, Edward (26 February 2015). "Mohammed Emwazi timeline: from school years with Tulisa Contostavlos to becoming Jihadi John". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. p. 2. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  19. ^ a b Al-Qataria, Hussain (2 March 2015). "'Jihadi John' born into stateless family in Kuwait". AP News.
  20. ^ a b Casciani, Dominic (27 February 2015). "Islamic State: Profile of Mohammed Emwazi aka 'Jihadi John'". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  21. ^ Hamilton, Fiona; O'Neill, Sean; Simpson, John; Gardham, Duncan (27 February 2015). "Pious teenager who turned into a zealot and heartless murderer". The Times. Times Newspapers Limited. p. 2. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  22. ^ a b Topping, Alexandra; Halliday, Josh (2 March 2015). "Who is Mohammed Emwazi? From 'lovely boy' to Islamic State killer". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  23. ^ Casciani, Dominic (13 November 2015). "Islamic State: Profile of Mohammed Emwazi aka 'Jihadi John'". BBC.
  24. ^ "Islamic State: Profile of Mohammed Emwazi aka 'Jihadi John'". BBC News. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  25. ^ "Mohammed Emwazi: Security approach ineffective, says Davis". BBC News. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  26. ^ Levy, Megan (5 August 2014). "How London rapper L Jinny became Jihadi John, suspected of beheading James Foley". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  27. ^ Murray, Douglas (20 August 2014). "Jihadi John – a very British export". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  28. ^ McFarlane, Andy (22 August 2014). "'Jihadi John', fears for Gazza and GCSE 'ghost of Gove' in headlines". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rayner, Gordon (20 August 2014). "Video clues that could unmask James Foley's murderer". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  30. ^ Saul, Heather (20 August 2014). "Steven Sotloff: Isis threatens second US journalist after 'beheading' of James Foley". Independent. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  31. ^ Paul Lewis (2 September 2014). "Isis video purports to show execution of US journalist Steven Sotloff". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  32. ^ Joshua Rhett Miller/AP (3 September 2014). "White House confirms authenticity of ISIS video showing beheading of reporter". Fox News Channel. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  33. ^ "ISIS executes British aid worker David Haines; Cameron vows justice". CNN. 13 September 2014.
  34. ^ Hall, Ellie; Elder, Miriam (3 October 2014). "New ISIS Video Appears To Show Execution Of British Aid Worker". BuzzFeed News. BuzzFeed. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  35. ^ Nye, Catrin (18 September 2014). "Alan Henning: Syria trips were worthwhile, says hostage". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  36. ^ "World reacts to IS video showing apparent killing of Alan Henning". BBC News. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  37. ^ Nye, Catrin (3 October 2014). "Alan Henning: An ordinary man who wanted to help Syrians". BBC News.
  38. ^ "U.S. review of Islamic State video confirms American's death". USA Today. 16 November 2014.
  39. ^ Thompson, Mark (17 November 2014). "Peter Kassig's Powerful Silence Before ISIS Beheaded Him". TIME. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  40. ^ "Peter Kassig 'killed by gunshot before he was decapitated'". The Telegraph. 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Abdul Rahman Peter Kassig 'died from gunshot rather than decapitation,' suggest researchers". The Independent. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022.
  42. ^ a b "Abdul-Rahman Kassig: US hostage 'killed by IS'". BBC News. 16 November 2014.
  43. ^ "ISIL beheads Syria troops and US aid worker". Al Jazeera. 17 November 2014.
  44. ^ "ISIS's brutal beheading video: Search for clues". CNN. 8 December 2014.
  45. ^ "ISIS Mass Beheading Video Took 6 Hours to Film and Multiple Takes". TIME. 10 December 2014.
  46. ^ Ryall, Julian (18 August 2014). "Japanese man feared kidnapped by Islamic State in Syria". Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  47. ^ Bajekal, Naina (21 January 2015). "Japanese War Reporter Was Abducted by ISIS After Trying to Save His Friend". TIME. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  48. ^ "Islamic State threatens two Japanese captives in video". Reuters. 20 January 2015.
  49. ^ "Islamic State crisis: Jordan air strikes 'destroy' IS hideouts". BBC News. 8 February 2015.
  50. ^ The Associated Press (14 September 2014). "David Haines beheading: British PM vows to 'hunt down those responsible'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
  51. ^ Haynes, Deborah (25 August 2014). "Foley video with Briton was staged, experts say". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  52. ^ "James Foley Beheading Video Has Play-Acting Portions – Video Experts Say". International Business Times of Australia. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  53. ^ "Media Forensics Experts Analyzing ISIS Video in Denver". 3 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  54. ^ "France 24: Exécution de James Foley: la traque de 'Jihadi John' est lancée". France 24. 24 August 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  55. ^ "Bellingcat: The Hills of Raqqa – Geolocating the James Foley Video". 23 August 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  56. ^ "Is this where James Foley was killed?". CNN. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  57. ^ a b c d Nick Allen; Philip Sherwell (20 August 2014). "Hunt for 'British' Islamic State killer of US journalist James Foley". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  58. ^ Sparrow, Andrew (20 August 2014). "PM returns from holiday after video shows US reporter beheaded by Briton". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  59. ^ "Uncovering James Foley's killer". The National. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  60. ^ Gordon Rayner; Alastair Beach; Martin Evans; Philip Sherwell (20 August 2014). "Hunt is on for ISIS terrorist: Video yields clues to identity of American journalist's left-handed executioner". National Post. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  61. ^ Joshua Rhett Miller (3 September 2014). "White House confirms authenticity of ISIS video showing beheading of reporter". Fox News Channel. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  62. ^ Sherwell, Philip (24 August 2014). "Britain 'very close' to identifying 'Jihadi John' – suspected killer of James Foley – says ambassador". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  63. ^ Almasy, Steve (26 August 2014). "Britain close to identifying James Foley's killer, ambassador says". CNN. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  64. ^ "US Senate Approves $10m Bounty for James Foley and Steven Sotloff ISIS Killers". 20 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  65. ^ ""Bill Summary & Status 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.5752", Library of Congress". Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  66. ^ "The British connection to ISIS beheadings". CNN. 14 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  67. ^ a b Crompton, Paul (26 September 2014). "FBI: U.S. identifies ISIS hostage executioner". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  68. ^ Winter, Michael (25 September 2014). "FBI chief: ISIS militant in beheading videos identified". USA Today. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  69. ^ Richard Kerbaj, Marie Woolf and Nicky Harley, London hip-hop artist key suspect in beheading, Sunday Times, 24 August 2014.
  70. ^ a b "London rapper Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary investigated as police hunt for 'Jihadi John'". London Evening Standard. 23 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  71. ^ "London hip-hop artist Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary key suspect in hunt for killer of American journalist James Foley". News.com.au. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  72. ^ a b c d e f "'Jihadi John': The Islamic State killer behind the mask is a young Londoner". The Washington Post. 26 February 2015.
  73. ^ "'Jihadi John' named as Mohammed Emwazi from London". BBC News. 26 February 2015.
  74. ^ "'Jihadi John' From ISIS Execution Videos Was Under Watch by British Intelligence". The New York Times. 26 February 2015.
  75. ^ "Islamic State: Profile of Mohammed Emwazi aka 'Jihadi John'". BBC News. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  76. ^ "Mohammed Emwazi: Tanzanian officer recalls airport arrest". BBC News. 8 March 2015.
  77. ^ "Mother recognised Mohammed Emwazi's voice on hostage videos". BBC News. 2 March 2015.
  78. ^ a b "Mohammed Emwazi's father: no proof my son is Isis executioner". The Guardian. 4 March 2015.
  79. ^ a b "After Beheading of Steven Sotloff, Obama Pledges to Punish ISIS". The New York Times. 3 September 2014.
  80. ^ "Jihadi John is 'dead man walking', says former security minister". The Daily Telegraph. 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  81. ^ "David Cameron 'absolutely certain Jihadi John will be caught'". The Daily Telegraph. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  82. ^ "Alan Henning murder: David Cameron vows to defeat ISIS". The Guardian. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  83. ^ Whitehead, Tom (16 September 2014). "Jihadi John known to MI5 but may never be brought to justice". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  84. ^ "Sotloff family want 'Jihadi John' jailed". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  85. ^ "Mohammed Emwazi: We won't get closure until there's a bullet between his eyes, says widow of aid worker David Haines". London Evening Standard. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  86. ^ "Jihadi John, UK ISIS Murderer, 'Emailed Mail on Sunday Journalist About Security Services'". The Huffington Post. 1 March 2015.
  87. ^ "Jihadi John: Father accuses Mohammed Emwazi of being a 'dog' and 'terrorist'". The Telegraph. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  88. ^ "Security probes links to Emwazi". Arab Times. 3 March 2015.
  89. ^ "'Jihadi John' apologizes to family, but not for beheadings". The Jerusalem Post. 8 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  90. ^ "Jihadi John: US air strike 'targets Mohammed Emwazi in Syria'". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  91. ^ a b "U.S. Airstrike Targets Notorious ISIS Militant 'Jihadi John'". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  92. ^ a b Brian Ross (12 November 2015). "'Jihadi John' Believed Killed in US Drone Strike, US Officials Say". ABC News. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  93. ^ "Remarks by the President on the Military Campaign to Destroy ISIL". whitehouse.gov. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015 – via National Archives.
  94. ^ Chan, Sewell; De Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (13 November 2015). "Pentagon Says 'Jihadi John' Was Probably Killed in Airstrike". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  95. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  96. ^ "Isis confirms 'Jihadi John' was killed in drone strike". The Independent. 20 January 2016. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022.
  97. ^ "First pictures of 'Jihadi John' without mask in Syria". ITV News. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  98. ^ Okeowo, Alexis (20 June 2017). "Souad Mekhennet's "I Was Told to Come Alone: My Journey Behind the Lines of Jihad"". New Yorker. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  99. ^ Mekhennet, Souad (June 2017). "How a Journalist Uncovered the True Identity of Jihadi John". Longreads. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017.
  100. ^ Josie Ensor (25 September 2017). "Inside Jihadi John's lair: Britain's most notorious Isil terrorists unmasked together for first time". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jihadi_John&oldid=1258059108"