Jarmila Kratochvílová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjarmɪla ˈkratoxviːlovaː] ; born 26 January 1951 in Golčův Jeníkov)[1] is a Czechoslovak former track and field athlete.[2] She won the 400 metres and 800 metres at the 1983 World Championships, setting a world record in the 400 m.[3]
 Jarmila Kratochvílová in 2010 | ||
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Women's athletics | ||
Representing  Czechoslovakia
| ||
| Olympic Games | ||
 |
1980 Moscow | 400 m |
| World Championships | ||
 |
1983 Helsinki | 400 m |
|
1983 Helsinki | 800 m |
|
1983 Helsinki | 4x400 m relay |
| European Championships | ||
|
1982 Athens | 400 m |
|
1982 Athens | 4x400 m relay |
| European Indoor Championships | ||
|
1981 Grenoble | 400 m |
|
1982 Milan | 400 m |
|
1983 Budapest | 400 m |
|
1984 Gothenburg | 200 m |
In 1983, she set the world record for the 800 metres, which still stands and is currently the longest-standing world record in athletics. Only two athletes, Pamela Jelimo of Kenya (2008), and Caster Semenya of South Africa (2018), have come within a second of Kratochvílová's mark since it was set.[4]
Biography
editIn 1983, Kratochvílová broke the 800 m world record with a time of 1:53.28. At the World Championships shortly afterwards, she set a world record of 47.99 seconds to win the 400 m.[5]
Kratochvílová's 1983 400-metre world record of 47.99 seconds stood for two years until it was broken by her great rival Marita Koch in 1985. Koch's 400-metre world record of 47.60 seconds still stands in 2024. Kratochvílová's world record on an indoor track—49.59—stood until 19 February 2023 when the 400-meter indoor world record was broken by Femke Bol from the Netherlands with a time of 49.26.[6][7][8] Koch and Kratochvílová are the only women who have broken the 48-second barrier in a laned 400-metre outdoor race.[6] Her 800-metre world record is the longest-standing unshared track record in men or women's athletics, and it was described by 1996 Olympic champion Svetlana Masterkova as ".. very fast. It's impossible for women to run so fast. It will last for 100 years."[9]
Kratochvílová was a late developer, not breaking 53 seconds for the 400 metres until she was 27, and she was 32 when she set her world records.[10]
Allegations of drug use
editHer remarkably fast times and her atypical muscular physique[11] spawned rumors of illegal drug use.[12] Kratochvílová has maintained her innocence, and although in 2006 the Prague newspaper Mladá fronta DNES claimed to have uncovered a doping program run by the government of Czechoslovakia, there was no link to Kratochvílová despite her being her country's highest-profile athlete.[13] She and her coach of 20 years, Miroslav Kvac, maintain that it was rigorous training and high doses of vitamin B12 that account for her records, a claim treated with scepticism by several anti-doping campaigners.[14] In 2017, she criticized a proposal by European Athletics to remove suspicion about drug-taking by voiding all world records set before 2005.[14]
Post-retirement
editSince her retirement, Kratochvílová has worked as an athletics coach and with the Czech national team.[15]
References
edit- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Jarmila Kratochvílová". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ "Jarmila Kratochvílová". databaseolympics.com. Roto Sports. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "Jarmila Kratochvílová". sporting-heroes.net. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- ^ "Senior outdoor 800 metres women» All time best". IAAF. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ Matthews, Peter (2012). Historical Dictionary of Track and Field. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8108-7985-0. LCCN 2011048496.
- ^ a b "400 Metres - women - senior - all". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ "Bol breaks world indoor 400m record with 49.26 in Apeldoorn | REPORT | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
- ^ "Femke Bol breaks oldest world record in track - Track and Field". OlympicTalk | NBC Sports. 2023-02-19. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
- ^ Rogers, Iain (24 November 2012). "Russians could break 800m record, Kratochvilova says". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (4 September 2010). "After a quarter of a century, Koch remains untouchable". The Independent. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ McClelland, Edward (25 August 2011). "Unbreakable: The women's track and field record book needs to be expunged". Slate.
broad-shouldered […] more like a middleweight boxer's than that of a middle-distance runner
- ^ Wharton, David (4 August 2009). "Doping at the L.A. Games? Ignorance was bliss". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ Gillon, Doug (30 July 2013). "With clear evidence of doping comes every justification for deleting records". Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ a b "Track's Most Resilient (and Suspect) Record Is in Danger". New York Times. 15 June 2017. p. SR1.
- ^ "30 Years On". IAAF. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2019.