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January 1925

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The following events occurred in January 1925:

January 5, 1925: Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is sworn in as the first woman Governor of a U.S. state.
January 20, 1925: Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas sworn in as second woman Governor of a U.S. state.

January 1, 1925 (Thursday)

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January 2, 1925 (Friday)

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  • Fresh violence broke out around Italy as Benito Mussolini's crackdown on opposition newspapers continued. Fascists seized or attacked newspaper presses while at least three were killed in rioting.[6] Mussolini met with King Victor Emmanuel III and requested dictatorial powers to quell the chaos. The king refused, but gave Mussolini tacit permission to act however he considered necessary within at least the appearance of constitutional legality.[7]
  • Leo Chiozza Money testified before Britain's Royal Commission that an increase in the world's population had led to the country's food situation becoming as desperate as it was during the war. "The 10 pence price of bread has doubled in recent years and looking into the future there are good prospects of its doubling again", he stated. Money recommended a "department of supply" be created to remedy the problem.[8]
  • Born:
  • Died: Nikola Petroff, 51, Bulgarian wrestler

January 3, 1925 (Saturday)

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  • Benito Mussolini made a pivotal speech in the Italian Chamber of Deputies. He took personal responsibility for the actions of his Blackshirts, challenged his political opponents to remove him from office and then promised to take charge of restoring order to Italy within forty-eight hours.[9] Historians now trace this speech to the beginning of Mussolini's dictatorship.[10]
  • Cyril Brownlie was sent off the field for foul play during a rough Test match against England during New Zealand's 1924–25 rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France. It was the first time such a severe sanction had ever been applied in an international rugby match. New Zealand won 17-11.[1]

January 4, 1925 (Sunday)

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January 5, 1925 (Monday)

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  • Nellie Tayloe Ross was inaugurated as the first woman elected as the governor of a U.S. state as she was inaugurated as Governor of Wyoming. Ross had won a special election on November 3 to fill the remainder of the term of her late husband, Governor William B. Ross, who had died on October 2. Mrs. Ross succeeded Frank Lucas, who had served as acting Governor upon Mr. Ross's death.
  • The only two Italian Liberal Party ministers in Benito Mussolini's cabinet, Gino Sarrocchi and Alessandro Casati, turned in their resignations.[14] They were to be replaced by loyal Fascists, who were now the only party in Mussolini's Cabinet.[15]

January 6, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • At the Finnish-American A.C. Games held at Madison Square Garden,[16] Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi set two new indoor records in front of a standing-room only crowd.[17]
  • The German cruiser Emden was launched, the first large warship built in Germany since the end of the war.
  • Born: John DeLorean, American car manufacturer; in Detroit (d. 2005)

January 7, 1925 (Wednesday)

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January 8, 1925 (Thursday)

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  • In Italy, A joint manifesto signed by the leaders of the parties "on the Aventine" condemned Mussolini's suppression of dissent, writing, "The whole country can bear witness to the fact that the pretext of this policy is a ridiculous lie as no conspiracy is threatening the country and no attempt has been made against the laws." The manifesto suggested that Mussolini resign.[19]
  • In India, Bhanupratap Deo, the 3-year-old son of the late Lal Kamal Deo, was proclaimed as the new Raja of the Kanker State, a princely state within British India, and now part of the state of Chhattisgarh. He would rule until 1947, when the princely states were abolished upon the independence of India.[20]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • George Bellows, 42, American artist, died of peritonitis following a ruptured appendix.[22]
    • Leo Koretz, 45, American lawyer and con man who masterminded the "Bayano Oil fraud", a Ponzi scheme that gathered $30 million from investors for false claims of oil fields, died in the Illinois State Penitentiary from diabetes.[23]

January 9, 1925 (Friday)

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  • British economist George Paish said that another war in Europe was inevitable unless Germany's reparations payments were reduced and the French were to leave the Rhineland. He also warned that "Germany will not make the mistake she made the last time, in having Russia as an enemy, but will have that nation as a friend. Germany and Russia will be able to overrun Europe and establish a military despotism."[24]
  • Born: Lee Van Cleef, American film actor; in Somerville, New Jersey (d. 1989)

January 10, 1925 (Saturday)

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  • The British submarine HMS HMS L24 sank in the English Channel after colliding with the Royal Navy battleship HMS Resolution. All 43 men on L24 died.[25]
  • The Ku Klux Klan was banned from the state of Kansas when its Supreme Court ruled that it was a corporation organized for profit and therefore could not operate there without a charter.[26]
  • A clause in the Treaty of Versailles, requiring Germany to grant most favored nation trade status with the former World War One allies, expired and allowed the Germans to negotiate their own economic ties.
  • The deadline for the Allies to cease their occupation of the Germany's Rhineland passed without the withdrawal of French and Belgian forces. The government of France declared that the refusal was justified by "breaches of the disarmament clauses" of the Versailles Treaty.[27]

January 11, 1925 (Sunday)

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January 12, 1925 (Monday)

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January 13, 1925 (Tuesday)

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January 14, 1925 (Wednesday)

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January 15, 1925 (Thursday)

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January 16, 1925 (Friday)

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  • Blues artist Huddie Ledbetter, more popularly known as Lead Belly, was granted a full pardon by Texas governor Pat Morris Neff, having served the minimum seven years of his prison sentence after killing one of his own relatives in a fight over a woman. Neff had been impressed by a religiously-themed song about forgiveness that Lead Belly had written and performed for him during a visit he made to the prison the previous year.[32]
  • Italy passed a new electoral bill containing a controversial provision for "plural voting". Double votes were to be given to academians, professors, those with diplomas, knights, military officers, those with any military decorations, officeholders, certain business personnel, all those paying a direct tax of 100 lira or more, and fathers of at least five children. Triple votes were to be given to members of the royal family, members of high nobility, cardinals, highly decorated war veterans, high officeholders, or anyone who met three conditions for double votes. The opposition blasted the provision as disproportionately favouring the wealthy, but Mussolini contended that it would help to encourage educated and productive Italians.[33][34]
  • Died: Aleksey Kuropatkin, 76, Russian general and Imperial Russian Minister of War

January 17, 1925 (Saturday)

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  • Miriam A. Ferguson became the first female governor of Texas and the second in United States history.
  • Italy's Chamber of Deputies repealed the "plural voting" provision in the electoral bill passed the previous day. Mussolini consented to the change upon the advice of labour leaders within his party who feared it would draw too much resentment from the working class.[34]
  • Born: Duane Hanson, American sculptor; in Alexandria, Minnesota (d. 1996)

January 18, 1925 (Sunday)

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January 19, 1925 (Monday)

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  • Hjalmar Branting announced that, because of health, he was resigning as Prime Minister of Sweden. Branting died five weeks after stepping down.
  • The League of Nations opened the second session of the Second Opium Conference with the goal of reducing the worldwide trafficking and use of opium.[5]
  • Seattle Police Department Lieutenant Roy Olmstead was indicted by a U.S. federal grand jury, along with 89 other defendants, for smuggling alcohol from Canada into the United States, in violation of the Volstead Act. Convicted in 1926 along with 20 other defendants based on evidence gathered from wiretapping made on his telephone without a warrant, Olmstead would challenge the conviction in the case of Olmstead v. United States.[39] Ultimately, the U.S. Supreme Court would rule, 5 to 4, that wiretapping was legal, a decision that would not be overturned until 1967 in Katz v. United States.
  • German Chancellor Hans Luther and President Paul Löbe were mercilessly heckled to an unprecedented degree in the Reichstag as the new Cabinet was introduced and Luther outlined the new government's policies, including support for the Dawes Plan. Cries such as "traitor", "crook" and "monarchist" rang out from republican benches.[40]
  • Died: Marie Sophie of Bavaria, 83, the last Queen consort of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

January 20, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • The Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention was signed by Foreign Ministers Lev Karakhan and Kenkichi Yoshizawa, as Japan and the Soviet Union restored diplomatic relations severed during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, and reached a number of agreements on matters that had previously been disputed between them. Japan agreed to withdraw troops from the northern part of the island of Sakhalin, which Japan agreed to withdraw from by May 15 in exchange for oil and coal concessions.[5]
  • The Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg voted to reject a treaty that had been signed with Belgium in 1924 by Prime Minister Émile Reuter.[41]
  • Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson was sworn into office as the Governor of Texas, becoming the second woman to assume leadership of a U.S. state after winning an election.John D. Huddleston (June 12, 2010). "Ferguson, Miriam Amanda Wallace". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
  • Germany's Chancellor Hans Luther and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann sent a secret memorandum to Britain suggesting a non-aggression pact between Germany and all nations with an "interest" in the Rhine valley, in return for a German guarantee to respect its post-war boundaries with France and Belgium.

January 21, 1925 (Wednesday)

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  • Chancellor Hans Luther casually admitted in a speech to the Reichstag that his Cabinet had discussed changing the form of government, but had decided to remain a constitutional republic. The statement fueled charges from republicans that Luther was preparing to restore the German monarchy, as his Cabinet included several known monarchists.[42]
  • The Soviet Union held mass demonstrations culminating in five minutes of silence in observation of the first anniversary of Vladimir Lenin's death.[43]
  • Born:

January 22, 1925 (Thursday)

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January 23, 1925 (Friday)

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January 24, 1925 (Saturday)

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January 25, 1925 (Sunday)

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January 26, 1925 (Monday)

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January 27, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • The January Junta was established to restore Arturo Alessandri to power in Chile.
  • A number of injuries were reported in Berlin as rioting broke out among monarchists, communists and republicans during demonstrations held on the birthday of former ex-kaiser Wilhelm II.[49]
  • Alaskan Territorial Governor Scott Cordelle Bone gave the final authorization for a succession of dog sled teams to deliver the antitoxin to Nome to relieve the diphtheria epidemic, beginning the relay that would become known as the 1925 serum run to Nome.[50] "Wild Bill" Shannon was the first of 20 dog sled team mushers in a relay to deliver the medicine over the 674 miles (1,085 km) route from Nenana to Nome, Alaska.

January 28, 1925 (Wednesday)

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January 29, 1925 (Thursday)

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January 30, 1925 (Friday)

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The entrance of Sand Cave in 2021

January 31, 1925 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  2. ^ Bill Henry (January 2, 1925). "Notre Dame Wins 27-10: Stanford Beaten at Pasadena; Speed and Brains of Notre Dame Gridders Prove Too Much for Card Outfit". Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Illini Fourth in Dickinson's National Rank", The Urbana (IL) Daily Courier, October 17, 1925, p.6 ("Prof. Frank G. Dickinson broadcast his 1924 national championship football ratings out of Chicago last night. He was invited to talk at the "WHT" radio station... Notre Dame, generally accepted as the national champion following its all-conquering season, proved to be the leading eleven in Dickinson's method.")
  4. ^ "Marines Guard U.S. College in Nanking, China". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 3, 1925. p. 1.
  5. ^ a b c d "Chronology 1925". indiana.edu. 2002. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  6. ^ "Italian Riots Defy Iron Fist of Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 3, 1925. p. 2.
  7. ^ Sullivan, Brian R. (2014). My Fault: Mussolini as I Knew Him. New York: Enigma Books. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-936274-39-0.
  8. ^ "Food Situation in Britain Bad as During War". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 3, 1925. p. 3.
  9. ^ Pugliese, Stanislao G., ed. (2004). Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 69. ISBN 0-7425-3123-6.
  10. ^ Dell'Orto, Giovanna (2013). American Journalism and International Relations. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-107-03195-1.
  11. ^ Murray, Lorraine, ed. (2014). Italy. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 245. ISBN 978-1-61530-989-4.
  12. ^ Clayton, John (January 7, 1925). "Italy Subdued by Fascist Leash of Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
  13. ^ Tague, James E. (2011). The Last Field Marshal. Xlibris Corporation. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4568-3185-1.
  14. ^ "Mussolini Supreme in New Crisis". Franklin News-Herald. Franklin, Pennsylvania. January 5, 1925. p. 1.
  15. ^ "Bayonets Give Mussolini Full Power in Italy". Chicago Daily Tribune: 1. January 6, 1925.
  16. ^ "Madison Square Garden III". Ballparks.com. Munsey & Suppes. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  17. ^ "Jan. 6, 1925: Nurmi Breaks Two World Records". This Day in History. A&E Networks.
  18. ^ "The Immortal Al Jolson". The Museum of Family History. 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  19. ^ Clayton, John (January 9, 1925). "Opposition in Bitter Attack on Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  20. ^ [1]", in Princely States of India K-Z]], World Statesmen.org
  21. ^ Lloyd, Richard Dewey (2004). Hübener vs Hitler : a biography of Helmuth Hübener, Mormon teenage resistance leader. Academic Research Foundation. OCLC 70070757.
  22. ^ "Leaving the Country: George Bellows at Woodstock". www.tfaoi.com. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  23. ^ "Kortez Dies; Served 34 Days". Chicago Tribune. January 9, 1925. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved July 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "Briton Sees New War Unless French Evacuate Rhineland". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 10, 1925. p. 3.
  25. ^ , "43 Men Dead on Submarine Sunk in Crash" Associated Press report in The Gazette (Montreal), October 13, 1928, p.2
  26. ^ "Klan Kicked Out of Kansas Home by State Courts". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 11, 1925. p. 3.
  27. ^ Wales, Henry (December 23, 1924). "'Stay on Rhine,' Foch Order". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  28. ^ Hendley, Nate (2010). Al Capone: Chicago's King of Crime. Five Rivers Chapmanry. ISBN 978-0-9865427-2-5.
  29. ^ May, Allan (1999). "Whacked By the Good Guys". Allan R. May. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  30. ^ "The Commission for Relief in Belgium". Public Relations of the Commission for Relief in Belgium. Gay & Fisher. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  31. ^ Bevans, Charles Irving (1969). Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776–1949, Volume 2. United States Department of State. pp. 504–505.
  32. ^ Cray, Ed (2004). Ramblin' Man: The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 192. ISBN 0-393-32736-1.
  33. ^ Clayton, John (January 10, 1925). "Mussolini Law to Cut Italian Workers' Vote". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  34. ^ a b Skene, Don (January 18, 1925). "Mussolini Lets Chamber Change Election Bill". Chicago Daily Tribune: 19.
  35. ^ "Muncie Police Snare Chapman, King of Crooks". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 19, 1925. p. 16.
  36. ^ Beckman, Frida (2017). Gilles Deleuze: Critical Lives. Reaktion Books. p. 15. ISBN 9781780237770.
  37. ^ Yardley, William (January 9, 2013). "Sol Yurick, novelist, Dies at 87". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "Un 18 de enero pero de 1925 nace Jesús Chanquilón Díaz". Salón de la Fama del Beisbol Mexicano (in Spanish). 18 January 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  39. ^ McClary, Daryl C. (November 13, 2002). "Olmstead, Roy (1886–1966) — King of King County Bootleggers". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  40. ^ Seldes, George (January 20, 1925). "Luther to Back Dawes Plan, He Tells Reichstag". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  41. ^ Thewes, Guy (2011). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (PDF) (in French). Service Information et Presse. p. 85. ISBN 978-2-87999-212-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2017.
  42. ^ Seldes, George (January 22, 1925). "Admits German Cabinet Talked Monarchy Plan". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  43. ^ Tumarkin, Nina (1997). Leinin Lives!: The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia (Second Ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-674-52431-4.
  44. ^ a b Aversano, Earl J. "The 1925 Serum Run to Nome – A Synopsis". Balto's True Story. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  45. ^ Tucker, Kenneth (2012). Eliot Ness and the Untouchables (Second ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-7864-4996-5.
  46. ^ Carter, Howard (2010). The Tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen, Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. xviii. ISBN 978-1-108-01815-9.
  47. ^ Parker, A. Stanley (January 26, 1925). "Sun Destroys 3,000 Yr. Old Pall of Tut". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  48. ^ Salvatore Garau (2015). Fascism and Ideology: Italy, Britain, and Norway. Routledge. pp. 215–224. ISBN 9781317909460.
  49. ^ Seldes, George (January 28, 1925). "Many Injured in Kaiser Birthday Riot in Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
  50. ^ a b Aversano, Earl J. "The 1925 Serum Run to Nome – A Synopsis (Page 2)". Balto's True Story. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  51. ^ Rigby, Richard (March 14, 2014). "Sapajou's Shanghai". China Heritage Quarterly. China Heritage Project.
  52. ^ Powell, John (January 29, 1925). "Shanghai 'Falls' Before Company of Mercenaries". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
  53. ^ McMillion, Barry J.; Rutkus, Denis Steven (July 6, 2018). "Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  54. ^ Theodore M. Vestal. "Harlan Fiske Stone: New Deal Prudence". Rating Game of the Greatest Supreme Court Justices: Polls and Case Studies. Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  55. ^ "Gloria Swanson Marries a Marquis", The New York Times, January 29, 1925
  56. ^ "Divorce Suit Filed By Gloria Swanson", The New York Times, May 15, 1934
  57. ^ "Raja Ramanna, 79, Indian Nuclear Scientist, Dies". The New York Times. 26 September 2004. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  58. ^ "20 Die, 20 Hurt in Panic During Shanghai Fight". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 30, 1925. p. 5.
  59. ^ Du, Lisa (2018-12-12). "Daring Deal by French CEO Sets Japan's Takeda on Global Path". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  60. ^ .Nawid, Senzil. "The Khost Rebellion. The Reaction of Afghan Clerical and Tribal Forces to Social Change" (PDF). opar.unior.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  61. ^ "Floyd Collins Museum". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  62. ^ Kamousis, Dimitris (2014). "Incorporating the Ecumenical Patriarchate into Modern Turkey: The Legacy of the 1924 Patriarchal Election". In Lytra, Vally (ed.). When Greeks and Turks Meet: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Relationship Since 1923 (ebook ed.). Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company. p. 236.
  63. ^ Aversano, Earl J. "The 1925 Serum Run to Nome – A Synopsis (Page 3)". Balto's True Story. Archived from the original on February 17, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
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