Integral monotopic protein

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Integral monotopic proteins are permanently attached to the cell membrane from one side, and are a type of integral membrane protein (IMP).^[1]

Schematic representation of the different types of interaction between monotopic membrane proteins and the cell membrane: 1. interaction by an amphipathic α-helix parallel to the membrane plane (in-plane membrane helix) 2. interaction by a hydrophobic loop 3. interaction by a covalently bound membrane lipid (lipidation) 4. electrostatic or ionic interactions with membrane lipids (e.g. through a calcium ion)

Three-dimensional structures of the following integral monotopic proteins have been determined:

prostaglandin H2 syntheses 1 and 2 (cyclooxygenases)
lanosterol synthase and squalene-hopene cyclase
microsomal prostaglandin E synthase
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2
Phosphoglycosyl transferase C

There are also structures of integral monotopic domains of transmembrane proteins:

References

^ Fowler, Philip W.; Coveney, Peter V. (July 2006). "A Computational Protocol for the Integration of the Monotopic Protein Prostaglandin H2 Synthase into a Phospholipid Bilayer". Biophysical Journal. 91 (2): 401–410. Bibcode:2006BpJ....91..401F. doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.077784. PMC 1483072. PMID 16632499.

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