Igor Nikolayevich Bezler (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Безлер; Ukrainian: Ігор Миколайович Бєзлєр, romanized: Ihor Mykolayovych Byezlyer; born 1965, Simferopol,[2] Crimean Oblast, Ukrainian SSR), known by the pseudonym "Bes" (Russian: Бес, English: Imp)[3] is one of the pro-Russian rebel leaders whose group controlled the local police department in Horlivka.[citation needed]
Igor Bezler | |
|---|---|
 Bezler in 2014 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Bes" (Imp) |
| Born | 30 December 1965 Simferopol, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Allegiance |  Soviet Union (until 1991) Ukraine (1991–2014)[1] Donetsk People's Republic (2014–present) |
| Service |  Donbas People's Militia |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles / wars | Soviet–Afghan War Russo-Ukrainian War |
| Awards |
|
He was a prominent commander in the early phases of the Russo-Ukrainian War: the 2014 Russian military intervention in Crimea and the 2014 War in Donbas. In 2014 he went into hiding and as of 2016 issued statements denouncing the Russian-backed separatist groups.[citation needed]
In November 2020 Bellingcat claimed that Bezler, with a fake Russian passport issued to the name of Igor Nikoalevich Beregovoy (Игорь Николаевич Береговой), lives in Russian annexed Crimea since October 2014.[4][5]
Biography
editBezler's father, Nikolai Bezler (or Mykola Byezlyer in Ukrainian), was an ethnic German (original spelling of his surname in German – Besler[citation needed]), his mother was an ethnic Ukrainian, but she considers herself Russian.[6]
He served in the Soviet Army in Afghanistan (1983–84) and fought against the separatist forces in Chechnya. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In 1994-97 Bezler studied at the Dzerzhinsky Military Academy.[7][8] (It is possible that this reference is to the FSB Academy.)
The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) claims that until 2002 he served in detachments of the Russian General Staff GRU retiring as a lieutenant colonel.[9] In 2002 Bezler moved to Ukraine.
According to Ukrainian officials, in February 2014 he was contacted by agents of the GRU. Complying with their instructions, Bezler supposedly moved to Crimea where he participated in number of violent events connected with taking over of military installations and government facilities. In April 2014, as a member of a diversion group, Bezler helped take over the SBU headquarters in Donetsk Oblast and the Interior Ministry district department in Horlivka.[10]
On April 14, 2014, a YouTube video showed a man claiming to be a lieutenant colonel of the Russian army addressing police officers[11] at the pro-Russian-held Horlivka police station[12] and naming a new police chief.[11]
The man was subsequently identified as Bezler. Ukraine accused him and Igor Strelkov of orchestrating the killing of Horlivka deputy Volodymyr Ivanovych Rybak.[13][14] Bezler denies his involvement.[15]
MH17 involvement
editAccording to transcripts of conversations Ukraine's intelligence services claims it intercepted at the time of the crash of MH17, Bezler was aware of an aircraft crashing.[16] Bezler has said that the talk had really taken place but that he had talked about a Ukrainian attack aircraft shot down by the militia a day before the Malaysian airliner crash.[17]
Shaun Walker, a reporter for The Guardian, claims that Bezler "is regarded as something of a loose cannon, even by other rebels, who speak about him in hushed tones." When Walker interviewed Bezler with the hope of asking him about the MH17 crash, Bezler reportedly bragged that he summarily executes some of the combatants he captures: "Those who are fighting with the Ukrainian army, we keep as prisoners. Those who are fighting with volunteer battalions, we question them and then shoot them on the spot. Why should we show any pity to them?... You should see what they have done to my people. They chop off their heads and shit in the helmets! They are fascists! So why should we stand on ceremony with them? Questioning, an execution, that's it. I will hang those fuckers from lampposts!".[18]
According to Walker, when Bezler saw the journalists recording this conversation, he ordered, "Burn their notebooks! Seize their electronics! Search everything for compromising material and then destroy it! If you find anything, execute them as spies!... Don't think for one minute I will hesitate to have you shot."[19]
Post MH17
editIn November 2014 Bezler disappeared from public sight in Donbas and speculations about his death was circulated by some Ukrainian media (including a version that he was assassinated by Russian special services). Luhansk People's Republic representatives admitted "he left Donbas" but rejected the claims about his death.[20] A video appeared on YouTube by the end of November 2014 in which Bezler appeared, explaining he's alive and in Ukraine's Poltava Oblast.[21]
In November 2019 Bellingcat research claimed that on 27 October 2014 Bezler moved with a fake Russian passport to Russian annexed Crimea and has lived there since.[4]
In early March 2016 Bezler claimed in a post on social network VK that he "always was and still am a supporter of a single sovereign federal Ukraine, but without Nazis and obsessive nationalism" and had never been a supporter of the recreation of Novorossiya.[22] He stated that the Donetsk People's Republic had become a "banana republic" with a kleptocratic leadership.[22]
Sanctions
editSanctioned by the UK government in 2014 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.[23]
On December 19, 2014, Bezler was placed on the Specially Designated Nationals List by the U.S Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).[24] This placement prohibits U.S. persons from undertaking any business with him without first obtaining a license from OFAC.
References
edit- ^ УВАГА! РОЗШУКУЄТЬСЯ БЄЗЛЄР ІГОР МИКОЛАЙОВИЧ (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
- ^ SBU searches for the Russian Lt Colonel who was taking over militia in Horlivka. TSN. April 18, 2014
- ^ "An audience with Ukraine rebel chief Igor Bezler, the Demon of Donetsk". TheGuardian.com. 29 July 2014.
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Bellingcat established the name and location of a Russian fighter wanted by the GPU for murder, Ukrayinska Pravda (8 November 2019)
- ^ "How Russia Issues Fake Passports to Its Operatives in Ukraine". bellingcat. 2019-11-07. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
- ^ "Visiting Bes: reporting from rebellious Horlivka". Forbes. July 4, 2014.
- ^ Real Lieutenant Colonel Oleksiy Goncharenko blog at Ukrainska Pravda. April 16, 2014
- ^ Who is he, the Horlivka Lieutenant Colonel Igor Bezler? Vostochnyi Dozor. April 17, 2014
- ^ SBU wants Russian spy Igor Bezler Gordonua.com. April 18, 2014
- ^ Horlivka Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Federation appeared to be real, but in reserves. Dumskaya. April 16, 2014
- ^ a b "'Russian lieutenant colonel' meets Ukrainian police officers". BBC. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine crisis: Pro-Russian attack in Ukraine's Horlivka". BBC. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
- ^ SBU blames Russian military intelligence officers for killing Horlivka deputy. Kyiv Post. April 23, 2014
- ^ SBU: Russian intelligence officer involved in murder of Horlivka City Council deputy. Ukrinform. April 23, 2014
- ^ "Игорь (Бес) Безлер: начнем наступление, когда противник выдохнется" [Igor (Bes) Bezler: we'll start attack when the enemy will get weary]. Ria Novosti. July 16, 2014. Archived from the original on Jul 9, 2017.
- ^ Masi, Alessandria (2014-07-17). "'We Have Just Shot Down A Plane': Ukrainians Claim They Intercepted Russian Intelligence About MH17". International Business Times. Archived from the original on Oct 25, 2015.
- ^ "Kiev's evidence of militia's responsibility for airliner crash faked - expert". TASS: Russia. July 20, 2014. Archived from the original on Nov 11, 2018.
- ^ "An audience with Ukraine rebel chief Igor Bezler, the Demon of Donetsk". the Guardian. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
- ^ "An audience with Ukraine rebel chief Igor Bezler, the Demon of Donetsk". the Guardian. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
- ^ "Russian Tanks Enter Eastern Ukraine as Rebel Leader Linked to MH17 Disaster Is Reported Dead". Newsweek. 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
- ^ Video on YouTube
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Hello "alcoholic-Zakharchenko chicken legs": Bezler said that he was always for a United Ukraine, Obozrevatel, (March 5, 2016)
- ^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK" (PDF). Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ "Issuance of a new Ukraine-related Executive Order and General License; Ukraine-related Designations". Retrieved 9 February 2015.