Gondwanagaricites (meaning "Gondwanan mushroom fossil") is an extinct monotypic genus of gilled fungus in the order Agaricales from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil.[1] It contains the single species G. magnificus, and it is the oldest known mushroom fossil known to date.[2]
| Gondwanagaricites Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
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| Holotype of G. magnificus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | incertae sedis |
| Genus: | †Gondwanagaricites |
| Species: | †G. magnificus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Gondwanagaricites magnificus Heads et al., 2017b
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Gondwanagaricites extends the geological range of mushrooms by around 14 to 21 million years and confirms their presence in Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous.[1]
Discovery and naming
editThe holotype, URM-88000, was discovered in the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation, Nova Olinda, Brazil and the specimen was sent to the Illinois Natural History Survey Paleontological Collection before being repatriated to the URM Herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil.[1]
Gondwanagaricites magnificus was named and described by Heads et al. (2017a),[1] but the PLOS One paper was later retracted because the paper did not meet the requirements of Articles 42.1, 35.1, and 43.3 under the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants, a MycoBank number for the genus was not given, and the illustration depicting the holotype was not specifically identified.[3] As a result of this, Heads et al. (2017b) published the name instead within the Mycological Process journal.[2]
Description
editThe holotype slab is roughly 50 × 60 mm, the pileus was measured as 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long, and the stipe was measured to be 34 millimetres (1.3 in) long.[1] The lamellae of Gondwanagaricites were 4.5 millimetres (0.18 in) wide and are broadly attached to a single apex.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Heads, Sam W.; Miller, Andrew N.; Crane, J. Leland; Thomas, M. Jared; Ruffatto, Danielle M.; Methven, Andrew S.; Raudabaugh, Daniel B.; Wang, Yinan (7 June 2017). Wong, William Oki (ed.). "The oldest fossil mushroom". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0178327. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1278327H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178327. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5462346. PMID 28591180.
- ^ a b Heads, Sam W.; Miller, Andrew N.; Crane, J. Leland (2017). "On the name of the oldest fossil mushroom". Mycological Progress. 16 (11–12): 1071–1072. Bibcode:2017MycPr..16.1071H. doi:10.1007/s11557-017-1355-4. ISSN 1617-416X. S2CID 255306009.
- ^ PLOS ONE Editors (21 June 2018). "Correction: The oldest fossil mushroom". PLOS ONE. 13 (6): e0199660. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399660.. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199660. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6013107. PMID 29928040.
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