The Ghana Bar Association (GBA) is a professional association of lawyers in Ghana, including what used to be called solicitors and barristers but they are now called legal practitioners, as well as magistrates.By convention, all lawyers admitted to practice in Ghana become automatic members of the association.[1] The GBA has its roots in the Gold Coast Bar Association,[2] the first president was Sierra Leonean lawyer Francis (Frans) Dove.[3] The Bar Association drew up its first formal constitution and code of ethics in 1958 and from then on except for a few occasions when due to political reasons an annual conference has not been possible, the Bar Association holds a conference annually to take important decisions and to elect its officers who hold office for only one year but are eligible for re-election. The Bar Association considers that in this sense it is one of the most democratic institutions in Ghana.[4] The Ghana Bar Association is made up of lawyers with good standing who are legally declared to practice law in Ghana.
| Formation | 1876 |
|---|---|
| Type | Professional association |
| Purpose | To promote legal professionalism |
| Location | |
Official language | English |
National President | Yaw Boafo |
| Website | www |
Etymology
editThe term "bar" is said to mean "the whole body of lawyers, the legal profession" comes ultimately from English custom. In the early 16th century, a railing divided the hall in the Inns of Court, with students occupying the body of the hall and readers or benchers on the other side. Students who officially became lawyers crossed the symbolic physical barrier and were "admitted to the bar".[5] Later, this was popularly assumed to mean the wooden railing marking off the area around the judge's seat in a courtroom, where prisoners stood for arraignment and where a barrister stood to plead. In modern courtrooms, a railing may still be in place to enclose the space which is occupied by legal counsel as well as the criminal defendants and civil litigants who have business pending before the court.
History and membership
editThe British Parliament established the Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony in 1876, with a Chief Justice and no more than four Puisne Justices.[6][7]John Mensah Sarbah was the first native of Ghana to be called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1887.[8] The legal system was based on that of England, in which solicitors provide legal advice and prepare legal documents, while barristers act as advocates in court. However, this division was not observed in practice in Ghana and in 1960 an act abolished the distinction.[9] Until the Ghana School of Law was established in 1958, all lawyers were trained abroad, almost always at the Inns of Court in England. As of 2011, there were about 2,500 practising lawyers, although not all had registered as members of the Bar Association.[10]
Even though the legal profession in The Gold Coast (now Ghana) can be traced to as far back as 1846, the Ghana Bar Association as a body had its first constitution in 1958.[11]
The current national president of the GBA is Yaw Boafo.[12]
Some past presidents of the GBA include:
- Robert Samuel Blay (1957–1959) and (1960–1962)
- Archie Casely-Hayford (1959–1960)
- J. B. Danquah (1962–1963)
- Victor Owusu (acting 1963–1965) and (1965–1966)
- William Ofori-Atta (1966–1967)
- Joe Appiah (1967–1970)[13][14]
- Joe Reindorf (1970–1971)
- Edward Nathaniel Moore (1971–1972)
- J. B. Quashie-Idun (1972–1976)
- J. K. F. Adadevoh (1976–1979)
- W. A. N. Adumoah-Bossman (1979–1981)[15]
- E. D. Kom (1981–1982)
- J. K. Agyemang (1982–1985)
- Peter Ala Adjetey (1985–1989)
- Anthony K. Mmieh (1989–1992?)
- Nutifafa Kuenyehia (1992–95),[16]
- Sam Okudzeto(1995–98)[17]
- Joseph Ebow Quashie (1998–2001)[18]
- Paul Adu-Gyamfi (2001–?)[19]
- Solomon Kwame Tetteh[20]
- Nii Osah Mills (2007–08)[21][22]
- Frank Beecham (2009–12)[23]
- Nene A. O. Amegatcher (2012–2015)
- Benson Nutsukpui (2015–2018)[24]
- Tony Forson Jnr. (2018–2021)
- Yaw Acheampong Boafo (2021–)[25]
The Ghana Bar Association is a member of the International Bar Association.[26]
Controversy
editIn October 2010, then GBA Vice President, Mr. Justice Kusi-Minkah Premo, called on the Chief Justice and the council to eliminate inconsistency, corruption and misconduct by judges.[27] In April 2011, then National President Frank W. K. Beecham spoke in defence of Mr Justice E. K. Ayebi, a judge who had come under attack after acquitting 14 defendants in a murder trial.[28][29]
In July 2011, four lawyers made allegations of widespread corruption among judges. The GBA condemned the four for making unsubstantiated claims, and asked them to name the judges. Another lawyer openly confessed to having bribed a judge.The GBA said it would take legal steps to prosecute him.[30] The four lawyers were blacklisted by the Association of Magistrates and Judges.They and others stated that they were considering forming an alternative Association.[31] The Ghana Bar Association held its annual general meeting in Cape Coast in September 2011, soon after two magistrates had been sacked for demanding bribes. Then GBA President Frank Beecham said that the association would fight corruption in all its forms. The GBA would establish a complaints unit to take complaints about corruption and ensure that offenders were prosecuted.[32]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ David Andreas Hesse, Hesse & Hesse. "Ghana: Ethics and practicalities". Practical Law Company. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ Gocking, Roger (April 1996). "Ghana's public tribunals: an experiment in revolutionary justice". African Affairs. 95 (379). Oxford University Press: 197–223. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007717.
- ^ Gadzekpo, Audrey, "Dove-danquah, Mabel (1905–84)", in Eugene Benson, L. W. Conolly (eds), Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English (1994), 2nd edition, Routledge, 2005, p. 341.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ "Etymology: Bar". EtymologyOnline.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2006.
- ^ "About us". Ghana Bar Association. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "September 4, 1887: Arrival of John Mensah Sarbah, first Ghanaian called to the English Bar". Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT". Ghana Bar Association. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ "Training of Ghanaian Lawyers". Ghana Bar Association. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ Sarpomaa, Akosua (5 September 2021). "Ghana Bar Association breaks new grounds". Graphic Online.
- ^ Ullo, Sixtus Dong (15 September 2021). "Yaw Boafo elected new national President of Ghana Bar Association".
- ^ Richards, Yevette, Conversations with Maida Springer: A Personal History of Labor, Race, and International Relations, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004, p. 152.
- ^ Quandzie, Ekow, "Obama presents 2011 National Humanities Medal to Ghanaian-born Prof. Anthony Appiah", Ghana Business News, 24 February 2012.
- ^ "Galloper Deal Stinks", Peace FM, 6 July 2012.
- ^ http://www.worldipcomgroup.com/globalleadersreview/profile7.html [dead link]
- ^ "Sam Okudzeto" Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Sam Okudzeto & Associates.
- ^ GNA (* June 2001)"Ghana bar Association advises ex–President Rawlings", GhanaWeb.
- ^ "New President of Bar Association: Adu-Gyamfi is", Modern Ghana, 4 October 2001.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association retains executives", Modern Ghana, 29 September 2005.
- ^ "Nii Osah Mills is GBA national president", GhanaWeb, 4 October 2007.
- ^ "GBA states position on Osah Mills' resignation" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Ghana News Agency, 1 October 2008.
- ^ "Beecham Elected President", Samuel Duodu's Stories, 11 October 2009.
- ^ "Benson Ntsukpui is new President of Ghana Bar Association". GhanaWeb. 18 September 2015.
- ^ Kwakofi, Edwin (15 September 2021). "Yaw Boafo elected new national President of Ghana Bar Association". Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "IBA Member Organisations in Africa". International Bar Association. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association Brief the Press". Ghana Government. 30 October 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association regrets attacks on Judge, judicial system in Ya-Na ruling". Ghana News Agency. 2 April 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ Dogbevi, Emmanuel (4 April 2011). "Ghana Bar Association regrets attacks on Judge, judicial system in Ya-Na ruling". Ghana Business News. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Ghana Bar Association condemns conduct of five lawyers". Ghana Business News. GNA. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ "Blacklisted lawyers threaten break away from GBA". GhanaWeb. 15 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "GBA declares war on corruption in judiciary". Daily Graphic. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.