Émile Raymond Georges Marius Boudarel (21 December 1926 – 26 December 2003) was a French academic and militant communist who was accused of torturing French prisoners for the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War.
Georges Boudarel | |
|---|---|
| Born | Émile Raymond Georges Marius Boudarel 21 December 1926 Saint-Étienne, Loire, France |
| Died | 26 December 2003 (aged 77) Les Lilas, Paris, France |
| Occupation(s) | Political commissar, academic |
| Employer | University of Paris |
| Known for | Torture of French prisoners during the First Indochina War |
Biography
editBorn at Saint-Étienne, Loire, Boudarel studied at a Marist seminary before becoming a history professor at the Saigon Lycée Marie-Curie in the late 1940s and during the First Indochina War. He led the Indochinese branch of the French Communist Party, called Groupe culturel marxiste.
In 1949, Boudarel, now a teacher of philosophy at the Lycée Yersin in Da Lat, left his job and joined with the Viet Minh in the North of Tonkin, where he was made a political commissar in the prisoner camp "Camp 113" at Lang-Kieu, near the Chinese border, South of Ha-Giang. He went by the nom de guerre of Dai Dong.[1] Numerous testimonies of survivors of the camp later accused Boudarel of torturing French Army prisoners "with perverse cruelty, he applied to his countrymen the method of degradation by hunger, physical decline, political indoctrination and denunciation among inmates".[2] During the year where he was on duty at the camp, 278 prisoners out of 320 perished.[3][4]
Boudarel left Vietnam in 1964 [5] for the Soviet Union. He later worked in Czechoslovakia for the World Federation of Trade Unions.
After an amnesty law was voted by the Parliament of France in June 1966, notably granting amnesty for crimes committed during the Indochina War,[6] he returned to France where he obtained a position as a maître de conférences at Paris Diderot University, and researcher at CNRS[citation needed]. He took part in the Mai 68 movement.
On 13 February 1991, during a conference organised at the French Senate by the Centre des hautes études sur l’Afrique et l’Asie modernes, he was recognised by Jean-Jacques Beucler, a former secretary of State for veterans, who had been a prisoner at Camp 113. Further testimonies emerged, and within a year, charges of crimes against humanity were raised by survivors of Camp 113. The charges were turned down by the Cour de Cassation because of the 1966 amnesty law. A recourse made on 25 February 2000 at the European Court of Human Rights against France, complaining about the decision by the French Cour de Cassation and alleged violations of freedom of speech, was similarly turned down in March 2003.
The ensuing controversy led to a proposal to amend article 213-5 of the French penal code so as to make crimes against humanity ineligible for amnesty.[7]
Works
edit- Georges Boudarel, La Bureaucratie au Viêt Nam, L'Harmattan, 1983.
- Georges Boudarel, Cent fleurs éclosent dans la nuit du Viêt Nam, Jacques Bertoin, 1991
Bibliography
edit- Yves Daoudal, préface de Jean-Baptiste Biaggi, Le dossier Boudarel, Editions Remi Perrin, 2001
- Jean-Jacques Beucler, Mémoires, France-Empire, 1991
- Thomas Capitaine, Captifs du Viet-Minh. Les victimes de Boudarel parlent, Union Nationale Inter-universitaire, Paris, 1991 available online
- Claude Cohen, « La problématique du crime contre l'humanité », Gazette du Palais, 26 février 2002, n° 57, p. 46
Notes and references
edit- ^ « Paris Journal; Vietnam Echo Stuns France: Case of Treachery? », New York Times, 20 March 1991.
- ^ "Prisonnier au camp 113". Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
- ^ Yves Beigbeder (2006). Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 73. ISBN 9004153292.
- ^ Lionnel Luca; et al. (20 February 2008). "Proposition de loi visant à rendre inamnistiables les crimes contre l'humanité". assemblee-nationale. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "Chronique nécrologique". Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
- ^ Law 66-409 of June 18, 1966, article 30: "All felonies and misdemeanors committed in relation to the events following the Vietnamese insurrection prior October 1, 1957, are amnestied."
- ^ Proposition de loi visant à rendre inamnistiables les crimes contre l'humanité
External links
edit- L'affaire Boudarel Archived 16 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine (site officiel de l'ANAPI)
- L'Affaire Boudarel
- Le dossier Boudarel
- Proposition de loi du 13 juillet 2005, visant à rendre inamnistiables les crimes contre l'humanité: [1] (Assemblée nationale)
Jurisprudence
edit- Crim. 1er avril 1993, pourvoi n°92-82273, Bulletin criminel 1993 N° 143 p. 351 (rapport du conseiller Guerder à la Gazette du Palais n°174, 175, 23-24 juin 1993)
- Crim. 7 septembre 1999, pourvoi n°98-85902