Garmsar (Persian: گرمسار)[a] is a city in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Garmsar
Persian: گرمسار | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Bahram Palace | |
  Garmsar | |
| Coordinates: 35°13′14″N 52°20′20″E / 35.22056°N 52.33889°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Semnan |
| County | Garmsar |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 48,672 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Garmsar is about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Tehran. It lies on the edge of Dasht-e Kavir, Iran's largest desert. Many people in the city commute to Tehran due to its proximity. Ghasre Bahram, The Stone Way, Stonvand Castle, the Sar Darre Mountains, and Kavir Desert National Park are tourist attractions located in the area.
Demographics
editLanguage and ethnicity
editGarmsar has a Tat and Persian majority. Persian and Tati are the main languages in Garmsar County. Other languages such as Azeri and Kurdish are still spoken by older people from different ethnicities like Osanlu(azari) and Pazuki, Gharachorloo and Shadloo (kurdish) in the nearby villages.[citation needed] Younger generation speaks Persian along with their native language.
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 38,891 in 10,951 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 40,985 people in 12,539 households.[6] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 48,672 people in 16,075 households.[2]
Climate
editGarmsar has a hot desert climate (BWh) in Köppen climate classification and (BW) in Trewartha climate classification.
| Climate data for Garmsār, Semnan Province, Altitude: 899.9 M from: 1986-2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
36.6 (97.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
45.0 (113.0) |
47.0 (116.6) |
46.0 (114.8) |
41.0 (105.8) |
36.4 (97.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
47.0 (116.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.1 (102.4) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
25.8 (78.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
0.9 (33.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.0 (0.59) |
14.5 (0.57) |
26.9 (1.06) |
19.8 (0.78) |
10.8 (0.43) |
1.0 (0.04) |
2.7 (0.11) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.4 (0.02) |
3.8 (0.15) |
11.1 (0.44) |
14.1 (0.56) |
121.1 (4.79) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 55 | 47 | 39 | 32 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 28 | 36 | 50 | 64 | 41 |
| Source: [7] | |||||||||||||
Agriculture
editThe Hablehrood river originating from Dalichai-Firouzkooh flows to the plateau of Garmsar. Its water is extensively used for agriculture. Since salt water mixes with Hablehrood before its arrival to the city, the water is not fit for drinking. Hablehrood is the only permanent river in Semnan province. Thanks to the water provided by Hablehrood, people in Garmsar grow wheat, barley, cotton and yellow melon. Garmsar is known across Iran for its sweet and crispy yellow melons.[8]
Water management
editThe many river branches and the irrigated fields provide recharge to the aquifer. Since ancient times, groundwater in the Garmsar area has been exploited by ghanats (qanats, karezes) and shallow wells, mainly for irrigation of agricultural land, but also for household purposes. In the last decades, the number of deep-wells has increased sharply and the ghanats have fallen dry.[9]
Yet, at the fringes of the fan, problems of waterlogging occur owing to irrigation losses higher up that are transported through the aquifer to the lower lying areas causing shallow watertables, while the evaporation from the shallow watertable brings salts into the rootzone which henceforth is salinizing. As a result, the agriculture in the fringes suffers low yields or is impossible.
| Simulation of soil salinity (left) and depth of the watertable (right) in the Garmsar alluvial fan using the spatial agro-hydro-salinity model SahysMod[10] |
Cuisine
editThe traditional cuisine of the city is called Tahchin. It differs from the classic Tahchin common in other cities. Tahchin is a tasty and fragrant rice-based food where marinated raw meat is slowly cooked inside the rice over a low flame for several hours.[8]
Education
editNotable people
editSee also
edit Media related to Garmsar at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 April 2023). "Garmsar, Garmsar County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Garmsar can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3063636" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Semnan province, centered in Semnan city". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ I.R. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN) Archived 2017-08-29 at the Wayback Machine. 1986–2010
- ^ a b "آشپزي روز <www.Garmsarnews.com>". Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ "Irrigation in the alluvial fan of Garmsar, Iran" (PDF). International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2000.
- ^ "Spatial agro-hydro-salinity model". International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 1998.
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گرمسار". Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2006.
- ^ "Home". ugsr.ir.