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Gündüz Alp

Gündüz Alp was the likely father of Ertuğrul (13th century) and grandfather of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty.[1][2][3] According to some sources, the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul was also Gündüz Alp,[4][5] and thus the brother of Osman I.[1][6][7] Ottoman histories, written around the 15th century, differ in details about Osman I's ancestry.

Gündüz Alp
Tomb of Gündüz Bey (far-left)
Burial placeTurgutalp (Genci) village, İnegöl, Turkey
FamilyKayı tribe of Oghuz Turks

Gündüz in the family tree of Ertuğrul and Osman I

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The grandfather of Osman I is mentioned in various sources as Süleyman Şâh, Gündüz Alp and Gök Alp.[1]

According to 15th century Ottoman writers Enveri[7] and Karamani Mehmet Pasha,[5] Gündüz Alp was the father of Ertuğrul.[8] Yazıcızâde Âli's[who?] Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk (15th century)[9] indicated Gök Alp, the brother of Gündüz Alp as the father of Ertuğrul. Some other writers in their published works like 15th century historians; Şükrullah's Behcetü't Tevârîh [tr],[7] Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn,[5] Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde,[2] Neşri's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [tr][3] and early 16th century Oruç Bey's Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman [tr][10] had asserted that Süleyman Şah was the father of Ertuğrul. Historian Halil İnalcık argued that the latter have confused Süleyman Şah with the grandfather of Gündüz Alp, namely Mir Süleymân Alp.[1][6] Three coins which read "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp" supports the view that Gündüz was Ertuğrul's father.[11][12][13]

Family tree in Yazıcızâde Âli's Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk:[9]

Gökalp
ErtuğrulTündar (Dündar)
Osman Gazi


Family tree in Enverî's Düstûrnâme-i Enverî:[7][8]

Gazan
Mir Süleymân Alp[6]
Şehmelik
GündüzalpGökalp
Ertuğrul
Osman Gazi

Erhan Afyoncu claims that "Mir Süleymân Alp" in the family tree above is the Amir of İznik or Antakya "Suleiman ibn Qutulmish."[14]

Family tree according to Karamani Mehmet Pasha:[5]

Oğuz Han
Kayık Alp
Sarkuk Alp
Gök Alp
Gündüz Alp
Ertuğrul
Osman Gazi


Family tree in Şükrullah's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [tr]:[7]

Oğuz
Gökalp
Kızıl Buga
Kaya Alp
Süleymanşâh
Ertuğrul
Osman Gazi


Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn:[5]

Kaya Alp
Süleymanşâh
Ertuğrul
Savcı BeyOsman GaziGündüz Bey


Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde:[2]

Oğuz
Kayık Alp
Gökalp
Basuk
Kaya Alp
Süleymanşâh
Ertuğrul
Savcı BegOsman GaziGündüz Beg
Bay-HocaAy-Doğdu

Âşıkpaşazâde, in chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde, argues that Osman I put forward that he had descended from Gökalp and "Suleiman ibn Qutulmish" the founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of "Süleyman Şah ibn Kaya Alp".[15] According to Erhan Afyoncu, the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp.[14]

Family tree in Neşrî's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ:[3]

Süleymanşâh
Sunkur-TekinErtuğrulGündoğuTündar (Dündar)
Saru-YatıOsman GaziGündüz

Father of Ertuğrul

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Three coins minted by Osman I in Yenişehir-Bursa during his reign which reads "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp" showed that the name of the father of Ertuğrul was Gündüz.[11][12][13] Many contemporary history professors like İlber Ortaylı, Halil İnalcık, Erhan Afyoncu,[14] Yılmaz Öztuna[16] and Osman Turan [tr][17] demonstrated that those history books written more than six hundred years ago had erred in determining the father of Ertuğrul for some reasons, and had given Ertuğrul's father name incorrectly as Suleyman Shah instead of Gündüz Alp because of the similarity of the name of Kutalmışoğlu Suleyman Shah the founder of Seljuks of Rum, and Osman I's presumed ancestor Suleyman Shah.

Son of Ertuğrul

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According to Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn,[5] Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde [tr][2] and Neşrî's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [tr],[3] the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul and one of the brothers of Osman I was also Gündüz, who had a son named Aydoğdu Bey[18] and a daughter named Efendize, who married her cousin Orhan.[19] Some other sources also indicate that he had another son, Aktimur Bey[20] who was a soldier and government official in the establishment of the Ottoman Empire.[21] This Gündüz had another brother named Saru-Yatı (Savcı Beg).[4][22] Osman I may also have had a nephew named Gündüz.[23]

 
Tomb of Aydoğdu Bey

In fiction

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Gündüz Bey, son of Ertuğrul Bey, is a character in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul and Kuruluş: Osman.[24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d İnalcık, Halil (2007). "Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg (Osman Beg, The founder of Ottoman Dynasty)". Belleten (in Turkish). 7 (261). Ankara: 483, 487–490.
  2. ^ a b c d İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 489.
  3. ^ a b c d İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 490.
  4. ^ a b "ERTUĞRUL GAZİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 488.
  6. ^ a b c İnalcık, Halil (2007). OSMAN I (PDF). Vol. 33. Istanbul: TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. p. 445. ISBN 978-9-7538-9590-3.
  7. ^ a b c d e İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 487.
  8. ^ a b Enverî, Düstûrnâme-i Enverî, pp. 78-80, 1464.
  9. ^ a b İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 486.
  10. ^ Manav, Bekir (2017). Ertuğrul Gazi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Pergole Yayınları. p. 54. ISBN 978-6052-394-23-6. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  11. ^ a b Akgündüz, Ahmed; Öztürk, Said (2011). Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths. IUR Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  12. ^ a b Yılmaz, Hakan (2018). "Âb-ı Hayât'ı Aramak: Gönül Tekin'e Armağan" (in Turkish). Yeditepe Yayınevi. pp. 763–788. Retrieved 14 July 2020. Osman Gâzî'nin Kayıp İkinci Sikkesi ve Osmanlı Kuruluş Tartışmalarına Etkisi (The lost second coin of Osman Gazi and its effect to the discussions of the establishment of Ottoman Empire)
  13. ^ a b Yılmaz, Hakan (2019). "Osman Gâzî'nin 700/1300-1301'de Yenişehir'de Bastırdığı Üçüncü Sikkesi (The third coin of Osman Gazi minted in Yenişehir, Bursa during 1300-1301)" (in Turkish). Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi. pp. 81–120. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  14. ^ a b c Afyoncu, Erhan, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, p. 33-34, Yeditepe Yayıncılık, Istanbul, 2011.
  15. ^ Âşıkpaşazâde, History of Âşıkpaşazâde; & İnalcık, Halil (2007). "Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg (Osman Beg, The founder of Ottoman Dynasty)". Belleten (in Turkish). 7 (261). Ankara: 503.
  16. ^ Öztuna, Yılmaz, Türkiye Tarihi, p. 34, Hayat Yayınları, Istanbul, 1970.
  17. ^ Turan, Osman, Selçuklular Zamanında Türkiye, p. 81, Boğaziçi Yayınları, Istanbul, 1993.
  18. ^ "OSMANLI BEYLİĞİ\'NiN KURUCUSU OSMAN BEG - HALİL İNALCIK.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  19. ^ "MAL HATUN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-04-26.
  20. ^ "Aktimur Alp | Evliyalar.net - Evliya, Sahabe, Peygamber Kabirleri". 2020-08-10. Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  21. ^ "Aktimur Bey - Tarih Sitesi". 2012-11-10. Archived from the original on 2012-11-10. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  22. ^ Rosenwein, Barbara H. (2018). Reading the Middle Ages, Volume II: From c.900 to c.1500, Third Edition. University of Toronto Press. p. 455. ISBN 978-14-42-63680-4. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  23. ^ Imber, Colin (2019). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-352-00414-4. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Kuruluş Osman oyuncuları kimler?". Habertürk (in Turkish). Retrieved 3 February 2020.
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