The flag of Saint Helena consists of a Blue Ensign defaced with the shield from the British overseas territory's coat of arms. Adopted in 1984 shortly after the island was granted a new coat of arms, it has been the flag since. Saint Helena's flag is similar to the flags of eight other British Overseas Territories, which are also Blue Ensigns with their respective coats of arms.
 | |
| Flag of Saint Helena | |
| Use | Civil and state flag, state ensign |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 1:2 |
| Adopted | 1984 |
| Design | A Blue Ensign with the coat-of-arms of Saint Helena in the outer half. |
History
editSaint Helena was first sighted by João da Nova in May 1502. The East India Company (EIC) was later conferred a royal charter to govern the island in 1659. It briefly came under Dutch sovereignty in 1673, before becoming a crown colony for the duration of Napoleon's exile there from 1815 until his death in 1821. After reverting back to EIC control for thirteen years, it became a crown possession again in 1834.[1][2]
Saint Helena was accorded its own badge in 1874 that was eventually utilised on its flag.[3] This consisted of a depiction of the territory's rocky coastline and an East Indiaman.[4] The badge was later redesigned in 1984,[5][6] with the Saint Helena plover added to the upper portion.[4] Although this change was publicised in the island's government gazette in January of that year,[5] authorisation was only granted by the Admiralty a decade later in 1994.[7]
The territory's flag was also utilised as the official flag of Tristan da Cunha, as well as on Ascension Island in an unofficial capacity.[6][8] This continued until the two islands adopted their own distinct flags in 2002 and 2013, respectively.[9][10] Minor updates were made to the shield (and, by extension, the flag of Saint Helena) in April 2019, amid concerns that the illustration of the wirebird had become misrepresented. The island's government consequently invited the College of Arms in London to create an up-to-date painting of the coat of arms that could be digitally generated while remaining faithful to the colors prescribed in the 1984 Gazette.[5] Two years later, the territory's flag was hoisted at New Palace Yard in the Palace of Westminster on 21 May 2021, a public holiday on the island that honours the feast day of Helena of Constantinople. It was part of an effort by Lindsay Hoyle, the Speaker of the House of Commons at the time, to observe the ceremonial days of overseas territories.[11]
Design
editSymbolism
editThe colours and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The bird on the yellow field is a Saint Helena plover that epitomises the fauna of the territory.[6][12] Popularly referred to by Saint Helenians as the wirebird, it is the last species of bird that is endemic to the island,[13] and is the official bird of Saint Helena.[14][15] The Cross of Saint George flown from the three-masted sailing ship is a conspicuous symbol of the Kingdom of England, Saint Helena's mother country.[6][12]
Similarities
editThe Blue Ensign is also used on the flags of eight of the thirteen other British Overseas Territories, with their coats of arms in the fly being the lone distinguishing feature between them. These are, specifically, the flags of Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Montserrat, the Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.[16]
Variants
editThe standard of the territory's governor features the Union Jack defaced with the territorial coat of arms at the centre.[17] Ships registered in Saint Helena fly the Red Ensign, since there is no defaced variant for the island.[3]
| Variant flag | Date | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| 1874–1985 | Standard of the Governor of Saint Helena | |
| 1985–1999 | Standard of the Governor of Saint Helena | |
| 2019– | Standard of the Governor of Saint Helena |
See also
editReferences
editSpecific
- ^ "Saint Helena – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ "Montserrat profile – Timeline". BBC News. BBC. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Saint Helena". Flags of the World. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b Smallman, David L. (2003). Quincentenary: A Story of St Helena, 1502–2002. Hypatia Publications. p. 8. ISBN 9781872229478.
- ^ a b c "St Helena Government Adopts Updated Coat of Arms". Government of Saint Helena. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d Kindersley Ltd. 2009, p. 130.
- ^ "Chapter 91 – Standards, Flags and Colours" (PDF). Royal Navy. April 2017. p. 91B-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Tristan da Cunha". Flags of the World. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Tristan da Cunha Government". Government of Tristan da Cunha. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "First Ever Ascension Flag to Fly". Government of Ascension Island. 27 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Parliament flies the flag for St Helena's national day". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Norfolk Island – Details". The World Factbook. CIA. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ Steiner & Liston 2007, p. 52.
- ^ Steiner & Liston 2007, p. 90.
- ^ Boult, Trevor (15 December 2016). St Helena: A Maritime History. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445658421.
- ^ Kindersley Ltd. 2009, pp. 129–130.
- ^ "Governor of Saint Helena and Dependencies". Flags of the World. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
Bibliography
- Kindersley Ltd., Dorling (6 January 2009). Complete Flags of the World. Penguin. ISBN 9780756654863.
- Steiner, Sue; Liston, Robin (2007). St Helena: Ascension, Tristan Da Cunha. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841621982.