The First Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, initially called the Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece and usually referred to as the first bailout package or the first memorandum, is a memorandum of understanding on financial assistance to the Hellenic Republic in order to cope with the Greek government-debt crisis.
It was signed on 3 May 2010 by the Greek Government under then-prime minister George Papandreou on one hand, and on the other hand by the European Commission on behalf of the Eurogroup, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Of the totaling €107.3 billion of financial assistance, €72.8 billion were disbursed by 1 March 2012, when the programme was superseded by the Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece comprising the undisbursed amounts of the first programme and additional €130 billion for the years 2012–14.
Background
editHaving had the credit rating agencies further downgrade their assessment of Greece's ability to honour its debts, the risk premiums on long-term Greek government bonds reached record (and unsustainable) levels. On 23 April 2010 the Greek government requested official financial assistance from the rest of the European Union and the IMF.
Memorandum of Understanding
editFinancial aid
editOn 1–2 May 2010, European Commission, European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), colloquially called the European troika,[1] agreed with the Greek government in a three-year financial aid programme that was outlined in a Memorandum of Understanding.
The total amount of €110 billion would consist of €80 billion bilateral loan commitments provided by the Eurogroup and pooled by the European Commission in the Greek Loan Facility (GLF), and additional €30 billion to be provided under a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) by the IMF, which was headed at the time by Dominique Strauss-Kahn.[1]
Instrumental in determining the rates of the individual euro area countries in the €80bn of the Eurozone was the respective equity interest in the capital of the ECB, which in turn is determined every five years after the prorated share of a country in the total population and economic output in the EU. The German share of the €80bn was 28%, or about €22.4bn in three years[2] while France paid €16.8bn.[3]
The amount of €80 billion to be provided by the Eurogroup was later reduced by €2.7bn, as Slovakia decided not to participate in the Greek Loan Facility Agreement and as Ireland and Portugal had to step down from the facility themselves requesting financial assistance.
Commitments of the Greek government
editThe Greek debt in exchange for household[clarification needed] should be consolidated within three years, so that the budget deficit should be reduced by 2014 to below 3 percent.[4] The minutes of the IMF Executive Board were revealed nearly four years later, and highlight amongst other items, the fear that Greek social cohesion could be at risk.[1][5] The Greek private sector, it was learned in 2014, was amenable to the deal because it curtailed the practice of paying civil servants a 13th and a 14th "month" each year. This curtailment was impossible for the Greek government to achieve on its own because of the political pressure inherent to the system.[6]
Disbursement
editIn May 2010 Greece received the first tranche of the bailout loans totaling €20bn.[7] Of this total, 5.5 billion came from the IMF and 14.5 billion of Euro states.[8]
On 13 September the second tranche of €6.5bn was disbursed. The 3rd tranche of the same amount was paid on 19 January 2011. On 16 March, 4th tranche in the amount of €10.9 billion was paid out, followed by the 5th installment on 2 July.[8] The 6th tranche of €8bn was paid out after months of delay in early December. Of this amount, the IMF provided €2.2bn.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Doncel, Luis (31 January 2014). "elpais.com: "Berlín y París incumplen con Grecia" 1 Feb 2014". EL PAÍS. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ "Internationaler Währungsfonds billigt Kredite für Athen. s. hier: Tabelle: Wo das Geld für Griechenland herkommt". Spiegel Online (in German). 9 May 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ "French lawmakers approve Greece rescue package". France 24. 2010-05-04. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ Kai Lange (23 April 2010). "Trotz Hilfe. Welche Risiken für Hellas bleiben" (in German). Manager Magazin. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ Ian Talley (31 January 2014). "wsj.com: "The History of the IMF and Greece's Bailout" 31 Jan 2014". WSJ. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ "thepressproject.net: "IMF leak: European banks had committed to maintain exposure in Greek bonds after first bailout - but didn't" 3 Feb 2014". Archived from the original on 2014-10-19. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ Griechenland rechnet mit zweiter Tranche der IWF/EU-Hilfen tagesanzeiger.ch, 30. Juli 2010.
- ^ a b "Chronologie der Stabilisierung der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion". German Finance Ministry. Oct 10, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
- ^ IMF Executive Board Completes Fifth Review Under Stand-By Arrangement for Greece and Approves €2.2 Billion Disbursement Internationaler Währungsfonds, 5. Dezember 2011.
Literature
edit- European Commission (May 2010). The Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece (PDF). Occasional Papers. Brussels. doi:10.2765/46750. ISBN 978-92-79-15074-6.
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External links
edit- Financial assistance to Greece on the website of the European Commission