Enrique Yáñez (né Enrique Yañez de la Fuente; 1908 – 1990) was a Mexican architect.[1] He was a theorist of functionalist architecture, and specialized in Mexican hospital architecture.[2]
Enrique Yáñez | |
|---|---|
| Born | Enrique Yañez de la Fuente June 17, 1908 Mexico City, Mexico |
| Died | November 24, 1990 (aged 82) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Education | National Autonomous University of Mexico |
| Occupation | Architect |
Early life and education
editEnrique Yañez de la Fuente was born on June 17, 1908, in Mexico City.[3]
He studied architecture at the then National School of Architecture (now School of Architecture, UNAM) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, he graduated in 1938.[1] While in college, Yañez studied under architects Enrique del Moral, Juan O'Gorman, and José Villagrán García.[4]
Career
editYáñez is considered to be the cornerstone of Mexican social and hospital architecture, he worked on the building concepts of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), and the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) under Carlos Obregón Santacilia, and published numerous specialist literature. He was a member of Colegio de Arquitectos de la Ciudad de México (CAM-SAM), and formed the Union of Socialist Architects (Unión de Arquitectos Socialistas) in 1938.[4][5]
His building for the Sindicato Mexicano de Electricistas (or Mexican Union of Electricians) was completed in 1940 in cooperation with artists David Alfaro Siqueiros and Fermín Revueltas Sánchez, was one of the first buildings in the country with integrated fine art reliefs.[3][5][6] Siqueiro's mural "Portrait of the Bourgeoisie" (1940) for Sindicato Mexicano de Electricistas headquarters was completed with the help of six assistants, and was politically controversial.[7][8]
From 1945 to 1952, Yáñez worked on the construction of the La Raza National Medical Center, and a series of other hospital buildings followed. La Raza National Medical Center's design was used as a model for other hospitals across Mexico.[9] The National Medical Center for the SSA was built between 1954 and 1961, with artwork by José Chávez Morado, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Luis Ortiz Monasterio, and Luis Nishizawa.[3] The National Medical Center for the SSA was damaged in the 1985 earthquake.[4] Between 1964 and 1978, Yáñez designed other healthcare buildings, including the maternity hospital "Maternidad de Nonoalco", the central hospitals of Torreón, Tampico and Saltillo, and the ISSSTE Regional Hospital Lic. Adolfo Lopez Mateos in Mexico City.[4][10]
Yáñez was a "numbered member" (or miembro de número) of the Academia de Artes since 1984.[1] He died on November 24, 1990, in Mexico City.[1]
Yáñez was included as part of the group exhibitions, Latin America in Construction: Architecture 1955–1980 (2015), and Crafting Modernity: Design in Latin America, 1940–1980 (2024) both at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[11]
Works
edit- San Cosme School Center (1936), Mexico City, Mexico; now the Escuela Secundaria Anexa a la Normal Superior (ESANS)
- SME headquarters building (1938), 45 Antonio Caso Street, Tabacalera neighborhood, Mexico City, Mexico; part of the bachelor's thesis
- La Raza National Medical Center (1945), Mexico City, Mexico[3]
- Escuela Nacional de Maestros (1945), Mexico City, Mexico; designed with Mario Pani[9]
- National School of Chemical Sciences (1950), Mexico City, Mexico; now the Faculty of Chemistry in Ciudad Universitaria
- National Medical Center for the SSA (1954),[3] and later sold to the IMSS, affected by the 1985 earthquake
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of the ISSSTE of Tlatelolco (1964), Mexico City, Mexico
- ISSSTE Regional Hospital Lic. Adolfo Lopez Mateos (1967), Mexico City, Mexico
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional Gral. Ignacio Zaragoza (1973), Mexico City, Mexico
- HG from the IMSS in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico[4]
- HG from the IMSS in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico[4]
- HG of the ISSSTE in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico[4]
- Mexican Petroleum Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Works by Yáñez
-
San Cosme School Center (1936), Mexico City
-
La Raza National Medical Center (1945), Mexico City
-
National School of Chemical Sciences (1950)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "Enrique Yañez (1908–1990) Arquitectura". Academia de Artes (in Spanish). 2017. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020.
- ^ Vega, Alejandro Ochoa (1994). "Reseña de "Enrique Yáñez en la cultura arquitectónica mexicana" de Rafael López Rangel". Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas (in Spanish). XVI (65): 236–238. doi:10.22201/iie.18703062e.1994.65.1706. ISSN 0185-1276.
- ^ a b c d e García, Marisol Flores (2002). Guía de Recorridos Urbanos de la Colonia Hipódromo (in Spanish). Universidad Iberoamericana. p. 193. ISBN 978-968-859-468-1 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e f g Burian, Edward (August 15, 2015). The Architecture and Cities of Northern Mexico from Independence to the Present. University of Texas Press. pp. 50, 109, 135, 294. ISBN 978-0-292-77190-1 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Noelle, Louise (May 2001). "Integración plástica y funcionalismo. El edificio del Cárcamo del Sistema Hidráulico Lerma y Ricardo Rivas". Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas (in Spanish). 23 (78): 189–202. doi:10.22201/iie.18703062e.2001.78.2017. ISSN 0185-1276.
- ^ Noelle, Louise (July 1, 2010). "Plastic Integration in Mexico: Confluence or Nostalgia". Docomomo Journal (42): 14–23. doi:10.52200/42.A.NBPEB885. ISSN 2773-1634.
- ^ Lear, John (January 10, 2017). Picturing the Proletariat: Artists and Labor in Revolutionary Mexico, 1908–1940. University of Texas Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-4773-1150-9.
- ^ Hurlburt, Laurence (February 2, 1977). "David Alfara Siqueiros' "Portrait Of The Bourgeoisie"". Artforum. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
- ^ a b Burian, Edward R. (June 28, 2010). Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico. University of Texas Press. pp. 79, 83. ISBN 978-0-292-79166-4 – via Google Books.
- ^ "110 years of the birth of Enrique Yañez". Grupo MARQ. 2018-06-22. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
Mexican Union of Electricians, the Escuela Normal Superior, the National School of Chemical Sciences of the UNAM and a large number of health buildings, such as the hospital La Raza, hospital General López Mateos, hospitals Lung cancer, oncology, OB/GYN, and nutrition at the National Medical Center; The maternity Hospital in Nonoalco and the general hospitals of Torreón, Tampico, Saltillo, Veracruz and Ciudad Juárez; among others.
- ^ Preston, Laura (2024-05-14). "Museum of Modern Art—Crafting Modernity: Design In Latin America, 1940-1980". Antiques And The Arts Weekly. Retrieved 2024-05-24.