Discovery Claim is a mining claim at Bonanza Creek, a watercourse in the Yukon, Canada. It is the site where, in the afternoon of August 16, 1896, the first piece of gold was found in the Yukon by prospectors. The site is considered to be the place where the Klondike gold rush started. It is located around 17 kilometres (11 miles) south-southeast of Dawson City. The Discovery claim was designated a National Historic Site of Canada on July 13, 1998.
Discovery
editOn August 16, 1896 George Carmack, an American prospector, his Tagish wife Kate (birthname Shaaw Tláa), her brother Skookum Jim (birthname Keish), and their nephew Dawson Charlie (K̲áa Goox̱), while travelling through the area, stopped to rest on the banks of one of the Klondike River's tributaries called Bonanza Creek, then called Rabbit Creek.[1] They were there on the a suggestion of another prospector Robert Henderson.[2] One of them noticed a shiny object in the water. It was gold and Carmack took credit for finding it. It is uncertain whether it was George Carmack, Kate Carmack or Skookum Jim who made the discovery, but the group decided that George Carmack be named as the official discoverer out of concern that mining authorities would be reluctant to recognize a claim made by an Indigenous claimant.[3][4][n 1]
Staking
editOn August 17, 1896, they staked out four claims, the first at Bonanza Creek. Two were for George Carmack. At that time, being the first to discover gold in an area entitled him to stake another, second claim. The other two claims were staked on behalf of Skookum Jim and Dawson Charlie.[6]
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George Carmack, who claimed the discovery
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Kate Carmack, his wife, wearing her famous gold nugget necklace, 1898
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Skookum Jim, one of the discoverers, 1898
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Registration
editThe following month on September 24 they registered the claims. This took place at the police post in Forty Mile 80 kilometres (50 miles) away at the mouth of the Forty Mile River.[7][8][9][10]
The initial claim is described legally as Claim 37903, a 152.4 metre (500 ft.) by 609.6 metre (2,000 ft.) area.[11]
Notes
edit- ^ To add even more confusion to the question of who deserved credit for the discovery of gold on Bonanza Creek, Robert Henderson and many of his contemporaries threw his name into the ring. Recent historiography discusses the efforts of Henderson to obtain compensation for his missed opportunity. Despite the fact Henderson made disparaging remarks about Skookum Jim and Dawson Charlie, there were many proponents in favor of a Canadian (i.e. Henderson) receiving credit for the strike instead of the American Carmack.[5]
References
edit- ^ Berton 2001, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Berton 2001, pp. 38–42.
- ^ Berton 2001, pp. 43–44.
- ^ Cruikshank 1991, p. 124.
- ^ Whyte, Doug (1998). "New Perspectives on the Klondike: Robert Henderson and His Search For Recognition as Discoverer of Klondike Gold". The Northern Review. pp. 181–203.
- ^ Berton 2001, p. 44.
- ^ Berton 2001, p. 47.
- ^ "The Klondike Gold Rush: Discovery". Yukon Archives.
- ^ "Discovery". Dawson City ~ Yukon. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ "Discovery casts doubt on Klondike gold claim". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ "Discovery Claim (Claim 37903) National Historic Site of Canada". Canada's Historic Places. Parks Canada.
Bibliography
edit- Berton, Pierre (2001). Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush 1896–1899. Toronto, Canada: Anchor Canada. ISBN 0-385-65844-3.
- Cruikshank, Julie (1991). Reading Voices: Dan Dha Ts'Edenintth'E: Oral and Written Interpretations of the Yukon's Past. Vancouver, Canada: Douglas and McIntyre. ISBN 978-0-88894-728-4. OCLC 465712147.