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31°8′32″N 30°38′42″E / 31.14222°N 30.64500°E
Desouk
دسوق | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise, from top: Desouk Bridge, Ibrahim El Desouki Mosque, City Hall, Nile in Desouk, a statue of Ramesses II with Goddess Sekhmet, Desouk War Memorial, New Desouk Bridge. | |
 Map of Desouk | |
  Desouk Location in Egypt | |
| Coordinates: 31°8′32″N 30°38′42″E / 31.14222°N 30.64500°E | |
| Country |  Egypt |
| Governorate | Kafr El Sheikh |
| Area | |
• Total | 8.635 km2 (3.334 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 149,291 |
| • Density | 17,000/km2 (45,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EST) |
| ZIP code | |
| Area code | +2 047 |
Desouk (Arabic: دسوق, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [dɪˈsuːʔ] ) is a city in northern Egypt. Located 80 km east of Alexandria, in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate and had a population of 137,660 inhabitants as of 2011.[4] It is bordered to the west by the Beheira Governorate.
Desouk dates back to at least c. 3200 BC and was part of the ancient city of Buto before the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. From 1250 to 1517, the city of Desouk was part of the Gharbia province. From 1798 to 1801, it was part of the now-defunct Rosetta province.
Etymology
editThe city's name could be derived from Ancient Egyptian: tꜣ-sbk, lit. 'land of Sobek', attested on a statuette from Sais dating to the Third Intermediate Period, through Coptic: *ⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲭⲓ, or from Ancient Egyptian: tꜣ-ı͗ꜣ.t-sbk, attested in Greek as Thasoukhios (Ancient Greek: Θασουχιος) and Tasoukis (Ancient Greek: Τασουκις). The cult of Sobek had presence to the west of Disuq, on the other side of the Nile.
Other proposal derives it from the rare Arabic verb dasaqa "to overflow (about a basin)" and its nominal form daysaq "bassin full of water" [5] which in turn has its origin in Ancient Greek: δίσκος, lit. 'disk, salver', but it is considered implausible. Another improbable etymology is a Copto-Arabic word combining the Coptic feminine definite article ti- (Coptic: ϯ-) with Arabic: سوق, romanized: suq, lit. 'market'.[6]
Overview
editDesouk is a member of the Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities[7] due to the location of important Islamic shrines in the city, such as the tomb of Egyptian Sufi Saint Ibrahim El Desouki, which is located in the main mosque in the center of Desouk.
Desouk lies on the Nile, on the eastern banks of the Rosetta branch, where there are only two bridges entering the city.
Many important Egyptians hail from Desouk: Youssef El-Mansy, Ahmed Zewail,[8] Mohammed Roshdy, Evelyn Ashamallah, and Abdel-Salam Mohammed Nasar, a politician in the city.
Climate
editKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), the same as the rest of Egypt.
| Climate data for Desouk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7 (45) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26 (1.0) |
20 (0.8) |
9 (0.4) |
4 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
6 (0.2) |
13 (0.5) |
23 (0.9) |
104 (4.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[9] | |||||||||||||
Tourism
editDesouk is renowned for the presence of Ibrahim El Desouki Mosque, which attracts over a million visitors annually on average. The mosque is the final resting place of the last Sufi pole, Imam Ibrahim El Desouki, established around the year 1277. It currently covers an area of 6400 square meters, and the Ladies' Mosque occupies 600 square meters, making it one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world in terms of area. It houses a university Islamic library as well. In Desouk, an annual celebration is held for the birth of Ibrahim El-Desouki in October, lasting a week with strict security measures. The celebration honors the memory of 77 Sufi orders from various parts of the world.[10] During this time, the city attracts more than a million visitors[11] from various provinces of Egypt and some countries worldwide,[12] making it one of the largest religious celebrations in Egypt.[13] Among the festivities, the custodian of the Ibrahim El-Desouki shrine rides a horse and is paraded through the streets of Desouk after the afternoon prayer on the final day of the celebration.[14] Additionally, an annual celebration of Ragabiya is held in late April or early May each year, lasting for a week as well.[15]
There are numerous Pharaonic artifacts in the ancient city of Buto, which served as the political capital of the Lower Egypt. Its construction dates back to the Predynastic period, and it is located northeast of Desouk, about 12 km away.[16] Buto was a significant religious center where every king or prince, upon ascending to rule, was required to go to Buto to legitimize their rule by the priests. This was done for worship and to draw closer to the goddess Wadjet, the Lady of the City, a central figure in the Egyptian myth of Isis and Osiris.[17]
The area is characterized by several artifacts, some dating back to the Predynastic period, such as the Wadjet Temple, Horus Statue, and the double statue of the goddess Sekhmet and King Ramesses II, among many other artifacts.[18] Locally, the region is known as "Tall Al-Fara'in," named after the founding pharaohs. It spans an area of 175 acres (0.7 km²).[19][20]
Notable people
edit- Ahmed Zewail (born 1946), Egypt chemist, first Egyptian and Arab to be awarded with Nobel in a scientific field
- Mohsen Hendawy (born 1981), Egyptian football player
- Omar Assar (born 1991), Egyptian table tennis player
- كرم مطاوع
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Disūq (Kism (fully urban), Egypt) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ "ZIP code, Desouk (1)". Epcodes.com. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ "ZIP code, Desouk (2)". Epcodes.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ "Presidency of Desouk City, Administrative division & Population (2011)". Epcodes.com. 31 December 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ El-Gwely, Faris. “التلوث الصوتي بمدينة دسوق (دراسة جغرافية).” University of Sadat City, 2019.
- ^ Engsheden, Âke (15 August 2023). Ancient Place-Names in the Governorate of Kafr el-Sheikh. Peeters. pp. 133–134. ISBN 9789042941755.
- ^ "Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities, Membership". oicc.org. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "Egyptian figures, Ahmed H. Zewail". sis.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ "Climate: Disuq - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ الطرق الصوفية تحتفل بـ«إبراهيم الدسوقى» وتطالب «السياحة» بالمشاركة في تطوير الموالد. جريدة المصري اليوم، بتاريخ 20 أكتوبر 2010. Archived 2018-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ محمد عبد الفتاح محمد عبد السلام، مدينة دسوق دراسة إيكولوجية، رسالة دكتوراه غير منشورة، كلية الآداب - جامعة المنوفية، 1998، ص: 180.
- ^ «مولد سيدي إبراهيم الدسوقي» راحة نفسية لزواره ورزق لأهل البلد. جريدة الأهالي، بتاريخ 27 أكتوبر 2010. Archived 2020-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ خريطة الطرق الصوفية في مصر أتباعها.. شخصيات سياسية وصحفية وحزبية وأمنية. جريدة الأهرام المسائي، بتاريخ 1 أبريل 2011. Archived 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ المولد.. مسرح مفتوح على الحياة. المدارك، موقع الكاتب علي دهيني. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ دسوق تحتفل بـ"الدسوقي" وسط حذر أمني. جريدة الوفد، بتاريخ 24 أبريل 2011. Archived 2016-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Costa Rica Tour Guide - Desouk Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ منتصر ثابت، إيزيس ونفتيس دراما البعث والخلود، دار الهلال، القاهرة، 2010.
- ^ وزارة الإسكان والمرافق والتنميّة العمرانيّة، مشروع تحديث المخطط العام لمدينة دسوق (حتى عام 2017) - التقرير العام 2006، صـ: 19، الهيئة العامة للتخطيط العمراني، دسوق، 2006.
- ^ وزارة الإسكان والمرافق والتنميّة العمرانيّة، مشروع تحديث المخطط العام لمدينة دسوق (حتى عام 2017) - التقرير العام 2006، صـ: 18، الهيئة العامة للتخطيط العمراني، دسوق، 2006.
- ^ الدستور، الخميس 26 يونيو 2010 Archived 2010-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit- The official site of Presidency of Desouk City Archived 22 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Arabic)
- The official site of Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate (Arabic, English)
- The official site of Desouk City in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate Archived 22 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Arabic, English)