NG-12, previously known as OA-12, was the thirteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its twelfth Commercial Resupply Services flight to the International Space Station (ISS) for NASA.[5][6] The mission launched on 2 November 2019 at 13:59:47 UTC).[7] This was the first launch of Cygnus under the Commercial Resupply Services 2 (CRS-2) contract.[8]
 Canadarm2 approaches the S.S. Alan Bean | |
| Names | CRS NG-12 CRS OA-12 (2016–2018) |
|---|---|
| Mission type | ISS resupply |
| Operator | Northrop Grumman |
| COSPAR ID | 2019-071A |
| SATCAT no. | 44701 |
| Mission duration | 136 days, 9 hours |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | S.S. Alan Bean |
| Spacecraft type | Enhanced Cygnus |
| Manufacturer |
|
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 2 November 2019, 13:59:47 UTC (9:59:47 am EST) |
| Rocket | Antares 230+ |
| Launch site | MARS, Pad 0A |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Deorbited |
| Decay date | 17 March 2020, 23:00 UTC[1] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Inclination | 51.66° |
| Berthing at ISS | |
| Berthing port | Unity nadir |
| RMS capture | 4 November 2019, 09:10 UTC[2] |
| Berthing date | 4 November 2019, 11:21 UTC[3] |
| Unberthing date | 31 January 2020, 13:10 UTC |
| RMS release | 31 January 2020, 14:36 UTC |
| Time berthed | 88 days, 3 hours, 15 minutes |
| Cargo | |
| Mass | 3,705 kg (8,168 lb)[4] |
| Pressurised | 3,586 kg (7,906 lb) |
| Unpressurised | 119 kg (262 lb) |
 NASA insignia | |
Orbital ATK and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.[9] Northrop Grumman purchased Orbital ATK in June 2018; its ATK division was renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems.[10]
History
editCygnus NG-12 was the first mission under the Commercial Resupply Services 2 contract and launched 2 November 2019 at 13:59:47 UTC.[7]
Spacecraft
editProduction and integration of Cygnus spacecraft is performed in Dulles, Virginia. The Cygnus service module is mated with the pressurized cargo module at the launch site, and mission operations are conducted from control centers at Dulles, Virginia and Houston, Texas.[9] This is the ninth flight of the Enhanced-sized Cygnus PCM.[11]
Manifest
editTotal weight of cargo: 3,705 kg (8,168 lb), consisting of 3,705 kg (8,168 lb) in pressurized cargo and 119 kg (262 lb) in unpressurized cargo.[4]
- Crew supplies: 680 kg (1,500 lb)
- Science investigations: 1,983 kg (4,372 lb)
- Spacewalk equipment: 107 kg (236 lb)
- Vehicle hardware: 756 kg (1,667 lb)
- Computer resources: 17 kg (37 lb)
- Russian hardware: 11 kg (24 lb)
- Northrop Grumman-related equipment: 35 kg (77 lb)
Among the cargo delivered was a special made oven for use in space, and some cookie dough. The crew of ISS attempt to use the device to bake chocolate chip cookies in space (a first time for this kind of space activity). The baking of cookies in space attracted some international media attention when the mission was arriving at the space station.[2][13][14]
Another research-related item delivered is the AstroRad radiation protective vest, which astronauts will wear to determine the degree of flexibility and freedom of movements experienced by them while working with these vests.[9] This feedback will be used to possibly improve the comfort and ergonomics of the radiation vests if needed. AstroRad is useful in significantly reducing the short-term deterministic effects such as acute radiation syndrome and the probability of stochastic effects such as cancer in long-term ex-LEO missions.[15][16]
The Houston Methodist Institute, in collaboration with Lamborghini sent some carbon fiber reinforced polymers aboard the mission. The project seeks to leverage the harsh space environment to test the performance of five proprietary carbon fiber materials, including forged and 3D-printed carbon fiber composites, developed by Lamborghini for aerospace applications. The research team will assess the ability of the materials to withstand exposure to temperature fluctuations, radiation, and atomic oxygen.[17]
Cygnus NG-12 tested the Cygnus External Payload Carrier which is used to deliver external payloads to the station or remove degraded ones. SOLAR and the SDS were the first payloads transferred to the spacecraft for disposal.[18]
Extension
editNorthrop Grumman's customer with a payload on the Cygnus (Lynk) sought extra time in orbit, a request that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved on 3 March 2020. The FCC approval provided the potential to extend this testing until as late as 2 April 2020. "The extension of our license by the FCC allows Northrop Grumman to extend our NG-12 mission beyond our original completion date, enabling us to offer increased operational flexibility for our customers". Frank DeMauro, vice president and general manager of Tactical Space at Northrop Grumman, said in the statement. "The NG-12 spacecraft remains in excellent health as we carry out a few more weeks of in-orbit operations".[19]
The spacecraft was deorbited at about 23:00 UTC on 17 March 2020.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b McDowell [@planet4589] (18 March 2020). "Space-Track confirmes that the Cygnus NG-12 cargo ship S.S. Alan Bean has been deorbited" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 November 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ a b Clark, Stephen (4 November 2019). "Space station receives spacewalking gear, new baking oven". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (4 November 2019). "Cygnus Resupply Ship Attached to Unity for Cargo Operations". NASA. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "Northrop Grumman CRS-12 Mission Overview" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ "Worldwide launch schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ "International Space Station Flight Schedule". Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. 15 May 2013.
- ^ a b Gebhardt, Chris (4 November 2019). "Cygnus NG-12 arrives at ISS with increased science capability". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ Gebhardt, Chris (1 June 2018). "Orbital ATK looks ahead to CRS2 Cygnus flights, Antares on the commercial market". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ a b c "Cygnus Fact Sheet" (PDF). Orbital ATK. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Erwin, Sandra (5 June 2018). "Acquisition of Orbital ATK approved, company renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ Leone, Dan (17 August 2015). "NASA Orders Two More ISS Cargo Missions From Orbital ATK". spacenews.com. SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
- ^ "Northrop Grumman names 12th Cygnus ship for Apollo 12 astronaut". collectSPACE. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
- ^ "Cookies in space: Oven sent to ISS for baking experiments". BBC. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ Waldrop, Theresa (3 November 2019). "Out of this world dessert: Cookie dough and oven headed to space station". CNN. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ Hu, Shaowen; Kim, Myung-Hee Y.; McClellan, Gene E.; Cucinotta, Francis A. (April 2009). "Modeling the Acute Health Effects of Astronauts from Exposure to Large Solar Particle Events". Health Physics. 96 (4): 465–476. doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000339020.92837.61. hdl:2060/20110014511. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 19276707. S2CID 24011927.
- ^ Cucinotta, Francis A; Durante, Marco (May 2006). "Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings". The Lancet Oncology. 7 (5): 431–435. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70695-7. PMID 16648048.
- ^ "Testing Lamborghini Carbon-Fiber Composites in the Extreme Space Environment". ISS National Laboratory. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. "Cygnus departs space station, deploys CubeSats". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (4 March 2020). "Cygnus mission extended for tests of communications payload". SpaceNews.