Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHRs), also known as corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs) are a G protein-coupled receptor family that binds corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).[1] There are two receptors in the family, designated as type 1 and 2, each encoded by a separate gene (CRHR1 and CRHR2 respectively).
| corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | CRHR1 | ||||||
| Alt. symbols | CRHR | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 1394 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2357 | ||||||
| OMIM | 122561 | ||||||
| RefSeq | XM_001128344 | ||||||
| UniProt | P34998 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 17 q12-q22 | ||||||
| |||||||
| corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | CRHR2 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 1395 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2358 | ||||||
| OMIM | 602034 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001883 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q13324 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 7 p21-p15 | ||||||
| |||||||
Function
editCRHRs are important mediators in the stress response.[2] Cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland known as corticotropes express the receptors and will secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) when stimulated. This binding of corticotropin releasing-hormone (CRH) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the two parts of the fight-or-flight response to stress.[3] CRHRs are also present in other brain areas such as the amygdala, locus coeruleus and hippocampus. Within the hippocampus, the CRHR1s are most abundant, residing mainly on the pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3. Chronic activation of CRHR1s by CRH induced by early life stress has been shown to underlie memory deficits and learning impairments and anxiety in adulthood.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ Hauger RL, Grigoriadis DE, Dallman MF, Plotsky PM, Vale WW, Dautzenberg FM (2003). "International Union of Pharmacology. XXXVI. Current status of the nomenclature for receptors for corticotropin-releasing factor and their ligands". Pharmacol. Rev. 55 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1124/pr.55.1.3. PMID 12615952. S2CID 1572317.
- ^ Grammatopoulos DK, Chrousos GP (2002). "Functional characteristics of CRH receptors and potential clinical applications of CRH-receptor antagonists". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 13 (10): 436–44. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00670-7. PMID 12431840. S2CID 19751772.
- ^ Aguilera G, Wynn PC, Harwood JP, Hauger RL, Millan MA, Grewe C, Catt KJ (1986). "Receptor-mediated actions of corticotropin-releasing factor in pituitary gland and nervous system". Neuroendocrinology. 43 (1): 79–88. doi:10.1159/000124513. PMID 3012395.
External links
edit- "Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- Corticotropin-releasing+hormone+receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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