Cinco Chagas (English: Five Wounds) was a Portuguese nau (carrack) that was sunk during the action of Faial on 22–23 June 1594 during the Anglo-Spanish War. When it was sunk, the carrack was reportedly having a burden tonnage of 2,000 tons.[1][2]
 Cinco Chagas is similar to this large Portuguese ship that was captured by the English and the Dutch in 1602.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Portugal | |
| Name | Cinco Chagas |
| Builder | Constantino de Braganza |
| Fate | Sunk, 22–23 June 1594 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Carrack |
| Tons burthen | 2,000 tons |
| Complement | 1400 passengers |
Description and service
editCinco Chagas was built in Goa like her famous namesake thirty-two years previously. On her maiden voyage[3] in 1593 Francisco de Mello was the captain. Reports suggest that she was overloaded with goods when departing from Goa in 1593. Cinco Chagas wintered in Mozambique, where it was determined that the ship was in very poor condition. The crew of around 1400 people (including 270 slaves).[4] She was sunk during the action of Faial on 22–23 June 1594 in the Anglo-Spanish War.[1][2] Before it sank the ship had been set on fire, and over five hundred people were killed.[5] The English spared thirteen of the crew.[3]
The cargo of Cinco Chagas (along with the salvaged cargo from the two other ships) was worth well in excess of 2,000,000 ducats, and in addition there were twenty-two treasure chests of diamonds, rubies, and pearls estimated to be worth US$15–20 billion by 2017 values.[6] The prisoners that were saved told their captors that yielding had been impossible as the riches were for the king of Spain and Portugal and that the captain, being highly in the king's favor, would upon his return have been made viceroy in the Indies.[7]: 56 Estimates of the Cinco Chagas's location suggest that it lies in seas over one mile deep in the Atlantic Ocean eighteen miles south of the channel between Pico Island and Faial along with its precious cargo of diamonds and gems.[8] The wreck has been searched for by treasure hunters but no signs have been found partly due to the depth.[9]
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Dean, James Seay (2010-09-01). Tropics Bound: Elizabeth's Seadogs on the Spanish Main. The History Press. ISBN 9780752496689.
- ^ a b Whymper, Frederick (1883). The sea: its stirring story of adventure, peril & heroism. [4 vols., publ. in 40 pt.].
- ^ a b Boxer 1959, p. 109.
- ^ Southey & Bell 1833, p. 28.
- ^ Southey & Bell 1833, p. 32.
- ^ Horner 1971 on pg 229 quotes $1 billion, but he wrote in 1971 when monetary values were approximately one twentieth of 2017 values.
- ^ Amaral 2010 pp. 45–57
- ^ Horner 1971 pg. 229
- ^ "Still Sunk: The Last Great Mystery Wrecks of the Ocean Floor". Gizmodo. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
Bibliography
edit- Amaral, Melchior Estacio Do (2010). Tratado das batalhas e sucessos do Galeão Sanctiago com os Olandeses na Ilha de Sancta Elena: e da náo Chagas com os Vngleses antre as Ilhas dos Açores. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1149563519. (Portuguese)
- Andrews, Kenneth R. (3 Jan 1964). Elizabethan Privateering 1583-1603. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–81. ISBN 9780521040327.
- Boxer, C. R. (Charles Ralph) (1959). The tragic history of the sea, 1589-1622 : narratives of the shipwrecks of the Portuguese East Indiamen Saõ Thome ́(1589), Santo Alberto (1593), Saaõ Joaõ Baptista (1622), and the journeys of the survivors in South East Africa. Internet Archive. Published by the Hakluyt Society at the University P.
- Boxer, C. R. (Charles Ralph) (1984). From Lisbon to Goa, 1500-1750 : studies in Portuguese maritime enterprise. Internet Archive. London : Variorum Reprints. ISBN 978-0-86078-142-4.
- Horner, Dave (1971). The Treasure Galleons: Clues to Millions in Sunken Gold and Silver. Dodd, Mead - University of Texas. ISBN 9780396063780.
- Southey, Robert; Bell, Robert (1833). The British admirals. With an introductory view of the naval history of England. Brandeis University Libraries. London, Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans and John Taylor.