Carwyn James

James was born in 1929, the son of a coalminer, in Cefneithin in the Gwendraeth Valley. He was educated at the village school, at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Carmathen, at Llandovery College, and at Trinity College, Carmathen.^[2] He played rugby for and captained Wales Secondary Schools.^[2][3]

At Aberystwyth University in his first year he studied Geography, Philosophy, Welsh History and Welsh, and Welsh alone in his final year.^[3]

James worked as a Welsh teacher by profession and later a lecturer at Trinity College, Carmarthen. He also served in the navy, and may have done spying work, although was a pacifist later in life.^[4]

James played fly-half for Llanelli, playing his first game while still at Gwendraeth School. He later played for London Welsh RFC.^[3]

He was capped for Wales twice in 1958, the second time at centre, but would probably have gained more caps had he not been in competition with Cliff Morgan for the fly-half spot.

James gained distinction as a coach with Llanelli. In 1970, he refused to leave the changing rooms whilst Llanelli lost to South Africa as a protest to the apartheid in the country of the visiting team to Wales.^[5]

James was coach of the 1971 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand, the only Lions side ever to win a series against the All Blacks.

James then continued to coach Llanelli. He coached them to the famous victory over the All Blacks at Stradey Park, Llanelli, in 1972.^[5] He then coached them to four Welsh Cups between 1973 and 1976.

James also coached the Barbarians to victory over the All Blacks in 1973, including being credited with man management to stimulate Phil Bennett to make his famous sidestepping run that day.^[6]

He then coached in Italy, at Rugby Rovigo, from 1977 to 1980, winning a title.

James never coached the Welsh national side, largely because of his belief that the coach should chair the selectors' meetings and be responsible for choosing the other selectors. At one stage he applied for the role but then withdrew his application.^[7]

James' coaching style was said to involve quiet words with players and half-suggestions rather than orders.

Mervyn Davies said, "He invited us to take personal responsibility for our role but without ever telling us what to do." Mike Gibson said, "We were free to express our ability, free to attack from any situation." He said in some training sessions James would run behind the backs, shouting 'Think! Think! Think!'^[8]

James was a strong believer in attacking rugby, with the attitude that if a team had possession of the ball it should be able to attack, regardless of the position on the field.

In his later years he became a noted broadcaster on the game in Wales.

James was a nationalist^[7] and stood as Plaid Cymru candidate in Llanelli in the 1970 General Election. He was an opponent of apartheid and during the controversial 1969/70 Springbok tour he prepared the Llanelli team but stayed in the dressing room as a protest. He was a pacifist in his later years.^[4]

James was very interested in literature.^[9] He spoke Russian fluently.^[2]

James never married, and is believed by many to have struggled with loneliness^[10] and possibly been homosexual.^[11][7][12]

James suffered serious eczema.^[13] Always a smoker, he also consumed significant alcohol in his later years.^[6][9]

In January 1983, 53-year-old James made a visit to the Netherlands as a break after making a television series, and stayed alone at the Hotel Krasnapolsky in Dam Square, Amsterdam. He had stayed with Cliff Morgan before the trip,^[2] had invited Alun Richards on the trip, and made entirely normal telephone calls to friends during it.^[13] The Western Mail reported that his body was discovered in the bath of his hotel suite, having lain there for some days. Police said he had died of a heart attack and there were no suspicious circumstances.^[14][15]

The sports building of Aberystwyth University is named after him, as is the playing field at Cefneithin RFC.

Due to his coaching in Italy, an international tournament, called "Carwyn James Easter Trophy", is held in Pieve di Cento (Bologna). The 12th edition was in 2016. The trophy is for Under 15s sides and has been arranged with the help of Carwyn's nephew, Llyr James.

After the conclusion of the 2024 Six Nations Championship, WRU chief executive Abi Tierney suggested that the Carwyn James–Roy Bish Cup should be awarded to the winner of the Six Nations game between Wales and Italy.^[16]

• Hughes, Gareth (1983). One hundred years of Scarlet. Llanelli Rugby Football Club. ISBN 0-9509159-0-4.
• Gibbard, Alun (2017). Into the Wind: The life of Carwyn James. Y Lolfa. ISBN 978-1-78461-404-1.

• Hewett, Chris (3 December 2004). "Why has rugby shortchanged the Barbarian legends of '73?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 March 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2007.
• "Brief Club History". Cefneithin RFC. Archived from the original on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
• Ferguson, David (10 February 2007). "Bennett stresses No 10s must play with freedom". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
• "Carwyn James". rugbyhalloffame.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
• Outside Half BBC documentary about Carwyn James