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Avril Haines

Avril Danica Haines (born August 27, 1969) is an American lawyer currently serving as the director of national intelligence in the Biden administration.[1] She is the first woman to serve in this role. Haines previously was Deputy National Security Advisor and deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Obama administration. Prior to her appointment to the CIA, she was Deputy Counsel to the President for National Security Affairs in the Office of White House Counsel.

Avril Haines
Official portrait, 2021
7th Director of National Intelligence
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 21, 2021
PresidentJoe Biden
DeputyStacey Dixon
Preceded byJohn Ratcliffe
27th United States Deputy National Security Advisor
In office
January 11, 2015 – January 20, 2017
PresidentBarack Obama
LeaderSusan Rice
Preceded byAntony Blinken
Succeeded byK. T. McFarland
4th Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office
August 9, 2013 – January 10, 2015
PresidentBarack Obama
DirectorJohn Brennan
Preceded byMichael Morell
Succeeded byDavid S. Cohen
Personal details
Born
Avril Danica Haines

(1969-08-27) August 27, 1969 (age 55)
New York City, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseDavid Davighi
Parent
EducationUniversity of Chicago (BA)
Georgetown University (JD)
Avril Haines's voice
Haines testifies on Russia at a House Intelligence Committee hearing on global threats
Recorded March 8, 2022

Early life and education

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Haines was born in New York City on August 27, 1969,[2] to Adrian Rappin (née Adrienne Rappaport) and Thomas H. Haines. She grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.[3][4][5] Haines' mother, a painter, was Jewish.[6][7] When Haines was 10, her mother developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and contracted avian tuberculosis; Haines and her father nursed Adrian in a home ICU until her death when Haines was 15 years old.[4][5] Her father, Thomas H. Haines, is a biochemist who graduated with a PhD from Rutgers University and helped in the formation of the CUNY School of Medicine, where he served as the chair of the biochemistry department.[8]

After graduating from Hunter College High School, Haines moved to Japan for a year, where she enrolled at the Kodokan, an elite judo institute in Tokyo.[5] In 1988, she enrolled in the University of Chicago where she studied physics. While attending the University of Chicago, she worked repairing car engines at a mechanic shop in Hyde Park.[5] In 1991 she took up flying lessons in New Jersey, where she met her future husband, David Davighi. She graduated with a B.A. in physics in 1992.[9]

In 1992, Haines moved to Baltimore, and enrolled as a doctoral student in physics at Johns Hopkins University. However, later that year, she dropped out and with her future husband purchased a bar in Fell's Point, Baltimore, which had been seized in a drug raid;[5] they turned the location into an independent bookstore and café.[10] She named the store Adrian's Book Cafe, after her late mother; Adrian's realistic oil paintings filled the store.[10] The bookstore won City Paper's "Best Independent Bookstore" in 1997 and was known for having an unusual collection of literary offerings, local writers, and small press publications.[11] Adrian's hosted a number of literary readings, including erotica readings, which became a media focus when she was appointed by President Barack Obama to be the deputy director of the CIA.[12][13] She served as the president of the Fell's Point Business Association until 1998.[14]

In 1998, she enrolled at the Georgetown University Law Center, receiving her J.D. in 2001.[15]

Career

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Early government service

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Left to right: President Obama, Susan Rice, Avril Haines, and Lisa Monaco (2015)

In 2001, Haines became a legal officer at the Hague Conference on Private International Law.[16] In 2002, she became a law clerk for United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Judge Danny Julian Boggs.[17] From 2003 until 2006, she worked in the Office of the Legal Adviser of the Department of State, first in the Office of Treaty Affairs and then in the Office of Political Military Affairs.[18] From 2007 until 2008, she worked for the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations as Deputy Chief Counsel for the Majority Senate Democrats (under then chairman Joe Biden).[19]

Obama administration

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Haines worked for the State Department as the assistant legal adviser for treaty affairs from 2008 to 2010,[20] when she was appointed to serve in the office of the White House counsel as Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Counsel to the President for National Security Affairs at the White House.[21]

On April 18, 2013, Obama nominated Haines to serve as Legal Adviser of the Department of State, to fill the position vacated after Harold Hongju Koh resigned to return to teaching at Yale Law School.[22] However, on June 13, 2013, Obama withdrew Haines's nomination to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State, choosing instead to select her as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[23][20] Haines was nominated to replace Michael Morell, the CIA's deputy and former acting director. The office of the deputy director is not subject to Senate confirmation, with Haines subsequently taking office on August 9, 2013, the final day of Morrell's tenure.[24] Haines was the first woman ever to hold the office of the deputy director, while Gina Haspel was the first female career intelligence officer to be named director.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

Torture report

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In 2015, Haines, then deputy director of the CIA,[33] was tasked with determining whether CIA personnel should be disciplined for hacking computers of Senate staffers authoring the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture. Haines chose not to discipline them, overruling the CIA Inspector General.[34]

During the Democratic National Committee email leak in the middle of the 2016 presidential campaign, Haines as DNSA convened a series of meetings to discuss ways to respond to the hacking and leaks.[35] Subsequently, she was involved in the CIA project of redacting the Senate report[36] for release. In the end, only 525 pages of the 6,700 page CIA torture report were released.[37]

After serving as deputy director of the CIA, Haines was tapped as Deputy National Security Advisor (DNSA), the first woman to hold that position.[38][39][40]

Targeted drone killings

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During her years in the Obama administration, Haines worked closely with John Brennan in determining administration policy on extrajudicial "targeted killings" by drones.[5] Newsweek reported Haines was sometimes called in the middle of the night to evaluate whether a suspected terrorist could be "lawfully incinerated" by a drone strike.[41]

The ACLU criticized the Obama policy on drone killings as failing to meet international human rights norms.[42] Haines was instrumental in establishing the legal framework and policy guidelines for the drone strikes, which targeted suspected terrorists in Somalia, Yemen and Pakistan, but also resulted, according to human rights groups, in killing innocent civilians.[43][44] An editor of In These Times said the policy guidelines "made targeted killings all over the world a normal part of US policy".[45]

Critics of Haines' drone policy guidelines said that, although the guidelines stipulated "direct action must be conducted lawfully and taken against lawful targets," they did not reference any international or domestic law that might permit extrajudicial killings outside an active war zone. Opponents of US drone warfare have noted that Haines redacted the minimum criteria for an individual to be "nominated" for lethal action, that the term "nominated" is a deceptive euphemism for targeting people for assassination, and that the drone guidelines allow for the assassination of US citizens without due process.[46]

Private sector

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After leaving the White House, Haines was appointed to multiple posts at Columbia University. She was a senior research scholar and deputy director for the Columbia World Projects, a program designed to bring to bear academic scholarship on some of the most fundamental challenges the world is facing, and was designated the program's director in May 2020, replacing Nicholas Lemann.[47][48] Haines was also a fellow at the Human Rights Institute and National Security Law Program at Columbia Law School.[49]

Haines has been a member of the National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service.[50] She is also a distinguished fellow at the Institute for Security Policy and Law at Syracuse University.[51]

Palantir and WestExec

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Haines has consulted for Palantir Technologies,[36] a data processing and analytics software solutions company that may have assisted with immigrant detention programs,[52] and was an employee of WestExec Advisors,[53] a consulting firm with a secretive client list that includes high-tech start-ups seeking Pentagon contracts.[54] The firm was founded by Antony Blinken, Biden's secretary of state, and Michele Flournoy, a former Pentagon adviser.[54]

In late June 2020, shortly after taking on the role of overseeing foreign policy and national security considerations for the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign transition team, references to Palantir and other corporations for which Haines had worked were removed from her fellowship résumé posted on the website of the Brookings Institution.[52]

In July 2021, an article[55] in The American Prospect discussed Haines in their analysis of the connections between WestExec and the Biden administration.

Director of National Intelligence (2021–present)

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Haines was sworn in as Director of National Intelligence by Vice President Kamala Harris on January 21, 2021.
 
Haines on her first day in office
 
Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III (left) with Haines at the Pentagon

On November 23, 2020, Joe Biden, then the president-elect, announced his nomination of Haines for the position of Director of National Intelligence; she became the first woman to hold the position.[56][57]

Prior to her confirmation hearings, Daniel J. Jones, chief investigator and author of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture in 2009–2012, criticized Haines for determining that several CIA employees should not be disciplined for hacking computers of Senate staffers authoring the report in 2015. Haines, then Deputy Director, made the decision against the CIA inspector general's conclusion.[58]

During her Senate confirmation hearing on January 19, 2021, Haines told Ron Wyden (D-OR) that she would comply with the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 requiring the intelligence community to share the report on who was responsible for Jamal Kashoggi's murder if confirmed. The Trump administration had refused to release the report.[59][60]

Senator Martin Heinrich (D-NM) asked Haines if she agreed with the conclusion of the Senate Intelligence Committee's 2012 report on torture which said that the practice was ineffective for collecting intelligence because those tortured would say anything to make it stop. Haines said there were "better" techniques than torture, and that it was inhumane, degrading, and unlawful.[61]

Wyden also asked if Haines agreed with the CIA Inspector General's conclusion that it was wrong for CIA agents to hack the computers of Senate staffers investigating the use of CIA torture during the Bush administration. Haines said she agreed with the Inspector General's apology for the hack.[62]

Senators Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Mark Warner (D-VA) questioned Haines about U.S.–China relations and, specifically, whether she shared their opinion that China was an adversary. Haines said, "China is adversarial and an adversary on some issues and on other issues, we try to cooperate with them." Haines promised an "aggressive response" to China and to counter its "illegal and unfair practices," but also said the US would seek China's cooperation in addressing the climate crisis.[63][62]

 
Avril Haines in 2022

When questioned about the January 6, 2021, storming of the Capitol building, Haines said it was the primary responsibility of the FBI to investigate domestic threats, though she also committed to collaborating with the FBI and Department of Homeland Security to evaluate the public threat of QAnon, a conspiracy theory promoted by some supporters of President Donald Trump.[64]

On January 20, 2021, Haines was confirmed by the Senate in an 84–10 vote.[65] She was the first nominee to be confirmed by the Senate, and was sworn in the next day by Vice President Kamala Harris.[66]

In May 2022, she warned against Russia and China's efforts to "try to make inroads with partners of ours across the world," mentioning Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates as examples.[67]

Haines was awarded the Australian Intelligence Medal as part of the 2024 King's Birthday Honours by the Australian Government. She was awarded the decoration for "distinguished service to the National Intelligence Community."[68]

References

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  1. ^ "ODNI Welcomes Avril Haines as Director of National Intelligence". www.odni.gov. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  2. ^ "Questionnaire for Completion by Presidential Nominees" (PDF). United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
  3. ^ Borger, Julian (January 26, 2021). "Avril Haines's unusual backstory makes her an unlikely chief of US intelligence". Guardian US. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Haines, Thomas; Lewis, Mindy (August 6, 2019). A Curious Life:From Rebel Orphan to Innovative Scientist. New York: Post Hill Press. p. 154. ISBN 9781642931938.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Klaidman, Daniel (June 26, 2013). "The Least Likely Spy". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  6. ^ Bloom, Nate (December 10, 2020). "Jewz in the Newz: 3 Great Actresses on a Cruise; Jewish Woman Intelligence Chief, More Bourla". The American Israelite. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  7. ^ Cohn, Robert A. "A look at Biden's Jewish picks for staff, Cabinet". St. Louis Jewish Light. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  8. ^ Rubinstein, Dana (July 15, 2008). "Serious Chemistry". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016.
  9. ^ Muhlenkamp, Katherine (July–August 2013). "Notes". The University of Chicago Magazine. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  10. ^ a b Corey, Mary (January 9, 1994). "Food and coffee, with books, billiards and student chefs". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016.
  11. ^ Serpick, Evan (June 13, 2013). "New CIA number two was once a Fells Point fixture". City Paper. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  12. ^ Boehlert, Eric (June 14, 2013). "Erotica, High Heels, and Handbags: Is This How The Beltway Press Should Cover Powerful Women?". Media Matters. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  13. ^ Corey, Mary (May 22, 1995). "Between The Covers Erotica Nights A Hot Item At Fells Point Bookstore". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017.
  14. ^ Buote, Brenda J. (January 4, 1998). "Fells Point debates tax to add desired services Benefits: Homeowners and merchants want a safer, cleaner neighborhood. But some residents don't think they can afford a community district levy". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
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  20. ^ a b AFP (June 12, 2013). "Avril Haines appointed first female CIA deputy director". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
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  25. ^ Varandani, Suman (February 3, 2017). "Who Is Gina Haspel? 5 Facts About Trump's CIA Deputy Director Pick". International Business Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017. Haspel joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1985, and spent most of her career undercover. She has been part of several controversies, including her involvement in several torture programs conducted by the U.S. She also ran waterboarding and other interrogation techniques at some of CIA's "black sites" or secret prisons.
  26. ^ "Gina Haspel Selected to be Deputy Director of CIA". CIA. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Ms. Haspel is the first female career CIA officer to be named Deputy Director.
  27. ^ Handley, Paul (February 2, 2017). "Woman tied to secret interrogations to be CIA No. 2". Yahoo News. Washington DC: Yahoo!. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017. A longtime CIA clandestine operations official reportedly involved in its much-criticized "black site" interrogations after the 9/11 attacks was named number two at the US spy agency Thursday.
  28. ^ Holmes, Oliver (February 3, 2017). "CIA deputy director linked to torture at Thailand black site". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017. Kellyanne Conway, a senior White House aide and Trump's former campaign manager, congratulated Haspel in a tweet, saying she was the first female to be second in command at the CIA. However, Avril Haines was the first woman to hold the position, from 2013-15.
  29. ^ Greenwald, Glenn (February 2, 2017). "The CIA's New Deputy Director Ran a Black Site for Torture". The Intercept. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017. That CIA official's name whose torture activities the Post described is Gina Haspel. Today, as BuzzFeed's Jason Leopold noted, CIA Director Mike Pompeo announced that Haspel was selected by Trump to be Deputy Director of the CIA.
  30. ^ Riechmann, Deb (February 2, 2017). "Gina Haspel becomes first female CIA deputy director". WDSU. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
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  34. ^ Savage, Charlie (November 3, 2015). Power Wars. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316286602. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  35. ^ Lipton, Eric; Sanger, David E.; Shane, Scott (December 13, 2016). "The Perfect Weapon: How Russian Cyberpower Invaded the U.S." The New York Times. Washington DC. p. A1. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2016. In a series of "deputies meetings" run by Avril Haines, the deputy national security adviser and a former deputy director of the C.I.A., several officials warned that an overreaction by the administration would play into Mr. Putin's hands.
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  52. ^ a b Hussain, Murtaza (June 26, 2020). "Controversial Data-Mining Firm Palantir Vanishes from Biden Adviser's Biography After She Joins Campaign". The Intercept. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  53. ^ Mullins, Brody; Bykowicz, Julie (November 25, 2020). "Biden Cabinet Picks Face Scrutiny Over Ties to WestExec Firm". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 2464196936. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
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  57. ^ Crowley, Michael; Smialek, Jeanna (November 23, 2020). "Biden Will Nominate First Woman to Lead Intelligence, Latino for Homeland Security". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  58. ^ Myre, Greg (November 30, 2020). "The Winding Journey Of Avril Haines, Biden's Pick To Lead U.S. Intelligence". All Things Considered. Washington, D.C.: NPR. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  59. ^ "Biden administration 'to declassify report' into Khashoggi murder". The Guardian. January 19, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
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  62. ^ a b Katkov, Mark (January 19, 2021). "Biden Pick For Intel Chief: 'Biggest Challenge Is Building Trust And Confidence'". NPR. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  63. ^ Harris, Shane; Nakashima, Ellen (January 19, 2021). "Avril Haines, Biden's nominee for DNI, faces questions on China, domestic extremism". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  64. ^ Matishak, Martin (January 19, 2021). "Haines pledges to 'speak truth to power' if confirmed as Biden's intel chief". Politico. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  65. ^ Sprunt, Barbara (January 20, 2021). "Senate Confirms Avril Haines As Director Of National Intelligence". National Public Radio. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  66. ^ Harris, Kamala [@VP] (January 21, 2021). "Earlier today, I swore in our first Cabinet member, Avril Haines, after her confirmation by the Senate last night. As the Director of National Intelligence, Director Haines will be dedicated to keeping the American people safe" (Tweet). Retrieved January 28, 2021 – via Twitter.
  67. ^ Klippenstein, Ken (May 13, 2022). "Inside the Secret Meeting Between the CIA Director and Saudi Crown Prince". The Intercept.
  68. ^ "Australian Intelligence Medal". It's an honour. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
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Government offices
Preceded by Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
2013–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Deputy National Security Advisor
2015–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Director of National Intelligence
2021–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Director of the Office of Management and Budget Order of precedence of the United States
as Director of National Intelligence 		Succeeded byas Trade Representative
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