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2022–23 Philippines Football League

The 2022–23 Philippines Football League was the fifth season of Philippines Football League (PFL), the professional football league of the Philippines. This is the second season of the PFL under the sponsorship of Qatar Airways. The season started on August 7, 2022, and concluded in May 2023, marking the first time during the Philippines Football League era that a season takes place over two years. The league is contested by seven teams, the most since the 2019 season, which played each other four times during the season.

Philippines Football League
Season2022–23
DatesAugust 7, 2022[1] – June 11, 2023
ChampionsKaya–Iloilo
1st title
AFC Champions LeagueKaya–Iloilo
AFC CupDynamic Herb Cebu
Stallion Laguna
Matches played84
Goals scored283 (3.37 per match)
Top goalscorerDaizo Horikoshi (15 goals)
Best goalkeeperFlorencio Badelic Jr.
Anthony Pinthus
(4 clean sheets)
Biggest home winDynamic Herb Cebu 7–1 Mendiola 1991 (September 16)
Biggest away winMendiola 1991 0–7 Kaya–Iloilo (October 16)
Highest scoringDynamic Herb Cebu 7–1 Mendiola 1991
(September 16)
Mendiola 1991 2–6 Dynamic Herb Cebu (September 24)
Longest winning runKaya–Iloilo (Feb 26 – Apr 14) (6 matches)
Longest unbeaten runDynamic Herb Cebu (Aug 20 – May 24) (23 matches)
Longest winless runMaharlika Manila (Aug 7 – Mar 4) (14 matches)
Longest losing runUnited City (Nov 12 – June 11) (12 matches)
Highest attendance1,899 Kaya–Iloilo 2–1 United City (November 12)
Lowest attendance0 (behind closed doors) Stallion Laguna 2–0 Mendiola 1991 (August 8)
2021
2024

The 2021 Philippines Football League season was planned to commence in late 2021 but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[2] and was eventually replaced by the league cup tournament, the 2021 Copa Paulino Alcantara.[3] Marking a change in the format of the previous seasons, the 2022 Copa Paulino Alcantara was held before the league season, with United City emerging as first-time winners of the competition. The success of the Copa, as well as the easing of COVID-19 restrictions and the return of fans, prompted the league season to resume in August.

The 2022 season saw the first time since 2019 that teams will play home and away. Several changes were witnessed in the league's system, such as the format changing from an intra-year to an inter-year format, with seasons spanning two years rather than one. After changing the foreigner restrictions in the Copa Paulino Alcantara, the league also increased its foreigner count from 3+1 to 5+1, adhering to the new AFC regulations. While all matches were held at the PFF National Training Center for the 2020 season, matches are played in the home stadiums of the PFL clubs for the 2022 season, with plans to allow fans back after the success of the 2022 Copa Paulino Alcantara. Dynamic Herb Cebu is the only new team competing for this season.

Kaya–Iloilo secured their first league title on May 24, 2023 with one match to spare.[4]

Sponsored by Qatar Airways, the competition is officially known as The 2022–23 Philippines Football League brought to you by Qatar Airways.

Format changes

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Since the league was last held in 2020, there have been several changes. All six teams of the 2020 season are set to compete, with Dynamic Herb Cebu being the new team joining after previously competing in the 2021 and 2022 editions of the Copa Paulino Alcantara. While the 2020 edition was held under closed-circuit format to limit the spread of COVID-19, this season marks the first time since 2019 that the league reverts to a home-and-away Round-robin tournament, with all teams playing each other 4 times, for a total of 24 matches.

Since the 2020 Philippines Football League, several clubs have undergone location changes. United City, who previously competed without a home city and stadium, will be temporarily based in Capas, Tarlac, while their stadium is under construction. After the 2022–23 season, they will rename to United Clark from United City. Maharlika Manila, who also competed without a home stadium but represented the city of Manila, will play their games at the Rizal Memorial Stadium.

The most noticeable change this season is the league changing its format for scheduling. Previously, the league followed the scheduling system of most Asian leagues such as the Singapore Premier League or Malaysia Super League. However, in 2022, the Asian Football Confederation changed its system of scheduling, shifting from an intra- to an inter-year system. Several leagues followed this, such as the Thai League 1, the Indonesia Liga 1, and the Indian Super League, prompting the PFL to switch to this format as well.

Teams

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All 6 clubs from the previous PFL season are set to compete, with Maharlika Manila and United City competing for the first time in 2 years, having taken a break during the 2021 Copa Paulino Alcantara.[5][6][7] Dynamic Herb Cebu were given a provisional club license,[8] which would have allow the club to debut in the cancelled 2021 season, but due to the season's cancellation, 2022 was their first league season in the Philippine top flight.

Two potential new entries in the 2022 season were LAOS (Leyte Association of Organized Sports), who last competed in the 2016 United Football League, and new club Rapids F.C. from Cagayan de Oro.[9][10] The two clubs started their license application process at the same time as Dynamic Herb Cebu. However, the PFF approved Cebu's license while the other two clubs' licenses were still found lacking in requirements.[8] United City withdrew mid-season in February 2023. Azkal Development Team soon withdrew as well in May 2023.

Stadiums and locations

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Several of the teams have nominated venues as temporary home venues due to their home stadiums being under construction. United City is temporarily based in the New Clark City Athletics Stadium, while Mendiola 1991 is temporarily holding their home matches in the City of Imus Grandstand and Track Oval. United City plan to hold their future home matches in their "field of dreams" in Pampanga while Mendiola 1991 will build their stadium in Taytay, Rizal.

In February 2022, the McKinley Hill Stadium in Taguig was approved by the PFL as Maharlika Manila's home stadium.[11]

Personnel and kits

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As part of the criteria imposed by the sponsorship of Qatar Airways, each team's kit should contain the Qatar Airways logo where the manufacturer's logo would usually be.[13] The official logo of the PFL should also be placed on one of the sleeves of the kit.

Team Head coach Captain Kit manufacturer Sponsors
Azkals Development Team Philippines  Stephan Schröck Philippines  Quincy Kammeraad Philippines  Monté 4Gives1, Chooks-to-Go2, PHSD4
Dynamic Herb Cebu Turkey  Mehmet Kakil Philippines  Nathanael Villanueva Philippines  RAD Apparel WinZir1, Leylam2, Beko3, Tigertek Sports4, Pocari Sweat, The Green Table
Kaya–Iloilo Japan  Yu Hoshide Philippines  Jovin Bedic Philippines  LGR LBC1, Fitogether2, ICanServe4, Peakform, Pretty Huge
Maharlika Manila Philippines  Roxy Dorlas Philippines  David Basa United States  Equipt Studios[14] AIA1, Reparil Ice-Spray2, Elan Vita3, Wheyl Nutrition, Kinetix Lab
Mendiola 1991 Philippines  Joel Villarino Philippines  Jim Ashley Flores Philippines  Ropa Vill-Mell Trading, Jon Enterprises, Thunderbird Feed, Best Diagnostic
Stallion Laguna Philippines  Ernest Nierras Philippines  Ruben Doctora Philippines  Cutz Apparel Giligan's Restaurant1, Airlock3892, South Coast Industrial Door3, Pi Tracer
United City Spain  Joan Esteva South Africa  Alan Robertson Philippines  Chronos Athletics Allianz1,[15] Gravity Sport3, Sportskred, Rsportz, BCDA, Klean Athlete

Notes:

  1. ^ Located on the front of the shirt.
  2. ^ Located on the back of the shirt.
  3. ^ Located on the sleeves.
  4. ^ Located on the shorts.

Coaching changes

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Team Outgoing coach Manner of departure Date of vacancy Position in table Incoming coach Date of appointment
Maharlika Manila Philippines  Arvin Soliman End of contract Undisclosed Pre-season South Korea  Jeongil Kim February 20, 2022
Mendiola 1991 Philippines  Dan Padernal Personal Reasons February 2022 Philippines  Christopher Pedimonte March 10, 2022[16]
Azkals Development Team Philippines  Giovanni Villagracia Undisclosed January 2022 Philippines  Norman Fegidero[17] March 11, 2022
Dynamic Herb Cebu Philippines  Oliver Colina Appointed by Philippines U23 March 14, 2022[18] Turkey  Mehmet Kakil[19] March 18, 2022[20]
Azkals Development Team Philippines  Norman Fegidero Undisclosed June 2022 Philippines  Giovanni Villagracia June 23, 2022[21]
Mendiola 1991 Philippines  Christopher Pedimonte Appointed by Philippines U17 July 2022 Philippines  Joel Villarino July 31, 2022[22]
United City Philippines  Franklin Muescan Demoted to assistant coach September 17, 2022 2nd Spain  Joan Esteva September 19, 2022
Maharlika Manila South Korea  Jeongil Kim Mutual consent September 21, 2022 7th Philippines  Arman Esteban[23] September 22, 2022
Philippines  Arman Esteban End of contract Undisclosed Philippines  Roxy Dorlas January 2023
Azkals Development Team Philippines  Giovanni Villagracia Demoted to assistant coach February 2023 4th Philippines  Stephan Schröck February 25, 2023

Foreign players

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A maximum of six foreigners are allowed per club, with five players of any nationality and a sixth coming from an AFC member nation. This is in line with the upcoming AFC regulations that allow for more foreigners to be signed by clubs. However, only 4 foreign players can be registered in the starting 11 during a matchday, with one of them being from an AFC member nation. A further two foreign substitutes may be placed on the bench.[24]

Players name in bold indicates the player was registered during the mid-season transfer window. The window lasted from 1 January 2023 to 26 March 2023, with the initial deadline for registered squads set on February 9.[12]

Club Players Former players1
Azkals Development Team Withdrew mid-season
Dynamic Herb Cebu
Canada  Leaford Allen Turkey  Mert Altınöz[25] Japan  Rintaro Hama Ivory Coast  Marius Kore Togo  Ibrahim Moro Guinea  Mohamed Soumah Turkey  Arda Çınkır[25]
Japan  Ren Okuda
Kaya–Iloilo Iran  Milad Behgandom Japan  Daizo Horikoshi[26] Japan  Tamon Horikoshi Senegal  Robert Lopez Mendy Japan  Dylan Nobiraki Japan  Ryo Fujii
Trinidad and Tobago  Carlyle Mitchell[26]
Ghana  Patrick Arthur
Maharlika Manila Ghana  David Asare South Korea  Kim Sungmin Equatorial Guinea  Ben Konaté Senegal  Ibrahima Ndour Nigeria  Emmanuel Otuyemi United States  Bienvenido Villaflor Ghana  Isaac Essel
Cameroon  Frank Baring
Cameroon  Boris Moundang
The Gambia  Ousman Jeng
Mendiola 1991[27] Lebanon  Ali Ghamloush Iran  Hamed Hajimehdi Cameroon  Serge Kaole Iran  Mahdi Keyghobadi Iran  Mahan Rahmani Cameroon  Junior Ngong Sam Ghana  Stephen Appiah
Senegal  Alassane Wade
Cameroon  Henri Bandeken
South Korea  Kim Min-su
Stallion Laguna United States  Kraig Bonanken Japan  Yusuke Hayashi United States  Rafael Nogueda United States  Abraham Placito[28] Japan  Kosuke Uchida Senegal  Abou Sy Iran  Hamed Hajimehdi
Mexico  Juan Trujillo
Brazil  Leonardo Nogueira
Brazil  Gabriel Silva
Iran  Amir Memari
United City Withdrew mid-season Tajikistan  Amirbek Juraboev[29]
Norway  Simen Lyngbø2
South Africa  Alan Robertson[30]
Argentina  Ricardo Sendra[30]

Notes

1.^ Former players only include players who left after the start of the 2022–23 season.
2.^ Jesse Curran was originally a citizen of Australia but was called up by the Philippines national football team to participate in the 2022 FAS Tri-Nations Series, while Simen Lyngbø was considered a Norwegian import until he played for the Philippines in the 2022 AFF Championship.[31][32]
Foreign players by confederation
AFC   Japan (6),   Iran (3),   South Korea (1),   Lebanon (1)
CAF   Ghana (1),   Cameroon (2),   Senegal (3),   Guinea (1),   Ivory Coast (1),   Equatorial Guinea (1),   Togo (1),   Nigeria (1)
CONCACAF   United States (5),   Canada (1)
UEFA   Turkey (1)

League table

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Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Kaya–Iloilo (C) 22 18 1 3 70 20 +50 55 Qualification for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League
2 Dynamic Herb Cebu 22 15 6 1 52 23 +29 51 Qualification for the 2023–24 AFC Cup
3 Stallion Laguna 22 11 2 9 39 26 +13 35
United City 12 7 3 2 27 13 +14 24 Withdrew
Azkals Development Team[a] 22 6 3 13 26 39 −13 21
4 Mendiola 1991 22 5 0 17 19 66 −47 15
5 Maharlika Manila 22 2 1 19 14 60 −46 7
Source: PFL[33]
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal Difference; 3) Goals scored
(C) Champions
Notes:
  1. ^ The Azkals Development Team were a guest team for the PFL and ineligible to qualify for AFC club competitions.

Positions by round

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Team ╲ Round123456789101112131415161718192021222324
Azkals Development Team443344555544433444444444
Dynamic Herb Cebu655533332222222222222222
Kaya–Iloilo321111121111111111111111
Maharlika Manila766777777777777777777777
Mendiola 1991577666666666666666666666
Stallion Laguna234455444455555333333333
United City112222213333344555555555
Updated to match(es) played on June 11, 2023. Source: [24]

Results by round

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Team ╲ Round123456789101112131415161718192021222324
Azkals Development TeamLWWDLWLDDLWWWWLLLLWLLLLL
Dynamic Herb CebuLDWDWWWWWDWWWDWWWWWDWWWD
Kaya–IloiloWWWWWLWLWWWWLWWWWWWDWWWW
Maharlika ManilaLLLLLLLLLDLLLLWLLWWLLWLL
Mendiola 1991LLLWLLLLLLLWWLLLLLWLLWWW
Stallion LagunaWWLLLWWWLLLDLWWWWLDLWWWW
United CityWWDLWWWWDDWLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Updated to match(es) played on June 11, 2023. Source: [24]
W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Results

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The seven clubs will play each other in two rounds of home and away matches. A total of 82 matches will be played.[34] United City withdrew mid-season in February 2023 and will not feature in the second round.

Season statistics

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Scoring

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Top goalscorers

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As of May 23, 2023
Rank Player Club Goals
1 Japan  Daizo Horikoshi Kaya–Iloilo 15
2 Philippines  Jarvey Gayoso Kaya–Iloilo 12
3 Turkey  Arda Çınkır Dynamic Herb Cebu 8
Philippines  Eric Giganto Kaya–Iloilo
5 Philippines  Jesus Melliza Kaya–Iloilo 7
Philippines  Chima Uzoka Dynamic Herb Cebu
7 Philippines  Kenshiro Daniels United City 6
Cameroon  Junior Ngong Sam Mendiola 1991
9 Philippines  Andres Aldeguer ADT 5
Turkey  Mert Altınöz Dynamic Herb Cebu
Philippines  Daniel Gadia Dynamic Herb Cebu
Senegal  Robert Lopez Mendy Kaya–Iloilo
Philippines  Griffin McDaniel Stallion Laguna
Argentina  Ricardo Sendra United City

Top assists

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As of May 27, 2023
Rank Player Club Assists
1 Japan  Daizo Horikoshi Kaya–Iloilo 19
2 Turkey  Mert Altınöz Dynamic Herb Cebu 8
Philippines  Jeremiah Borlongan Dynamic Herb Cebu
4 Philippines  Arnel Amita Kaya–Iloilo 7
5 Philippines  Griffin McDaniel Stallion Laguna 6
Philippines  Hikaru Minegishi United City
7 Turkey  Arda Çınkır Dynamic Herb Cebu 5
Philippines  Eric Giganto Kaya–Iloilo
Ivory Coast  Marius Kore Dynamic Herb Cebu
Philippines  Jesus Melliza Kaya–Iloilo
Mexico  Juan Trujillo Stallion Laguna

Own goals

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As of March 4, 2022
Rank Player Club Own
goals
1 South Africa  Alan Robertson United City 1
Philippines  Richard Talaroc Mendiola 1991
Equatorial Guinea  Ben Konaté Maharlika Manila

Hat-tricks

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As of September 16, 2022
Player Club Result Against Date
Philippines  Jarvey Gayoso Kaya–Iloilo 4–1 (H) Maharlika Manila 27 August 2022
Turkey  Arda Çınkır4 Dynamic Herb Cebu 7–1 (H) Mendiola 1991 16 September 2022
Note

(H) – Home ; (A) – Away

4 Player scored four goals

Clean sheets

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As of June 4, 2023
Rank Player Club Clean sheets
1 Philippines  Florencio Badelic Jr. United City
Dynamic Herb Cebu
4
Philippines  Anthony Pinthus United City
3 Philippines  Michael Asong Stallion Laguna 3
Philippines  Kenry Balobo Kaya–Iloilo
Philippines  Zach Banzon Kaya–Iloilo
Philippines  Hayeson Pepito Stallion Laguna
7 Philippines  Joseph Ceniza Mendiola 1991 2
Philippines  Patrick Deyto Stallion Laguna
Philippines  Quincy Kammeraad Kaya–Iloilo
Philippines  Julian Schwarzer ADT
Philippines  Nathanael Villanueva Dynamic Herb Cebu

Discipline

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Red cards

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As of June 11, 2023
Rank Player Team Red cards
1 Philippines  Simone Rota Kaya–Iloilo 2
Philippines  Daniel Gadia Dynamic Herb Cebu
3 Philippines  Arnel Amita Kaya–Iloilo 1
Ghana  Patrick Arthur Kaya–Iloilo
Philippines  Enzo Ceniza Mendiola 1991
Philippines  Charles Dabao Dynamic Herb Cebu
Philippines  Patrick Deyto Stallion Laguna
Philippines  Shirmar Felongco Stallion Laguna
Philippines  Nicolas Ferrer Jr. Dynamic Herb Cebu
Trinidad and Tobago  Carlyle Mitchell Kaya–Iloilo
United States  Rafael Nogueda Stallion Laguna
Philippines  Kenneth Payosalan Mendiola 1991
South Africa  Alan Robertson United City
Brazil  Gabriel Silva Stallion Laguna

Awards

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The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament.[37][38]

Award Winner Club
Golden Ball Japan  Daizo Horikoshi Kaya-Iloilo
Golden Boot
Golden Glove Philippines  Zach Banzon

References

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  1. ^ "Kaya FC-Iloilo 2-3 United City FC". kayafc.com. May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  2. ^ "Copa Paulino Alcantara to usher in 2022 season". The Philippines Football League. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  3. ^ Rosal, Glendale (October 22, 2021). "PFL to hold Copa Paulino Alcantara on Nov. 7 in Cavite". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  4. ^ Terrado, Reuben (May 24, 2023). "Kaya FC-Iloilo bags first PFL season crown as Cebu FC falls short". Sports Interactive Network Philippines. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  5. ^ "Maharlika Manila F.C. to skip Copa - Focus on PFL 2022 Season". Facebook. Maharlika Manila F.C. October 29, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  6. ^ Pedralvez, Manolo (October 24, 2021). "PFL Cup sees 6 teams participating; kickoff on Nov. 7". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
  7. ^ Terrado, Reuben (October 31, 2021). "Sudden United City FC pullout leaves Copa with only 5 clubs". Sports Interactive Network Philippines. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  8. ^ a b del Carmen, Lorenzo (July 30, 2021). "PFF gives Cebu provisionary license; Laos given deadline to fulfill requirements". Tiebreaker Times. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  9. ^ Suyu, Ian (February 11, 2021). "2 teams to join PFL". Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  10. ^ Suyu, Ian (March 14, 2021). "PFL welcomes new team". Daily Tribune. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  11. ^ "Clubs submit Team Roster form". The Philippines Football League. February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Clubs submit Team Roster form". pfl.org.ph. February 12, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
  13. ^ "Qatar Airways to Sponsor the Philippines Football League". Qatar Airways. November 26, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  14. ^ "MAHARLIKA MANILA FC AND EQUIPT STUDIOS ANNOUNCE PARTNERSHIP". equiptstudios.com. Kaya FC-Iloilo. March 11, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  15. ^ "United Clark, Allianz team up for PFL, ACL season". Dugout Philippines. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
  16. ^ "The ESBF Updates: Mendiola FC 1991". Eat Sleep Breathe Football. March 10, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  17. ^ del Carmen, Lorenzo (March 11, 2022). "PFF names Fegidero as head coach of Azkals SEAG team, Hall as director". Tiebreaker Times. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  18. ^ Rosal, Dale (March 14, 2022). "Cebu Football Club takes on Mendiola FC 1991 on May 2". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  19. ^ "Hatayspor'da sürpriz Filipinler gelişmesi" (in Turkish). Fanatik. March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  20. ^ Özgür, Koç (March 17, 2022). "Hatayspor'dan iki antrenör ve 3 futbolcu Filipinler Ligi'ne transfer oldu" (in Turkish). Ajansspor. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  21. ^ Cabatbat, Erel (June 23, 2022). "Schroecky's final third". Manila Standard. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  22. ^ "Philippine Under-16 To See Action In AFF U16 Championship". pff.org.ph. July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  23. ^ Olivares, Rick. "Esteban is Maharlika Manila FC's new head coach". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d "Philippines Football League Season 2022-2023 kicks off". pfl.org.ph. August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  25. ^ a b "Hataylı futbolcular Filipinler'de top koşturacak" (in Turkish). 8GunHaber. March 16, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  26. ^ a b "Kaya FC-Iloilo's 2021 Squad is Taking Shape – Kaya FC–Iloilo". Kaya F.C. March 11, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  27. ^ "Mendiola '91 marks 30th anniversary with breakthrough". Tiebreaker Times. November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  28. ^ "WTHAW EXCLUSIVE: Stallion-Laguna FC - Signings unveiled, Copa Paulino Alcantara, Coach Ernie Nierras". YouTube. Mendiola FC 1991. March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  29. ^ Terrado, Jonas (January 18, 2023). "PFL resumes next month with United hit by player exodus". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  30. ^ a b "United City F.C. Team Roster 2022". United City Football Club. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  31. ^ "Philippines MNT To Face Malaysia And Singapore In FAS Tri-Nations Series". Philippine Football Federation. March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  32. ^ "SQUAD LIST, Here's our 25 man line-up for the Tri-Nations series that will be held in Singapore". Facebook. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  33. ^ "Philippines Football League Season 2022-2023 kicks off". pfl.org.ph. August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  34. ^ Malanum, Jean (January 16, 2023). "PFL to resume in February". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  35. ^ a b c "Philippines Football League resumes February 2023". pfl.org.ph. January 16, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  36. ^ a b "PFL Disciplinary Committee decisions". pfl.org.ph. March 6, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  37. ^ Saldajeno, Ivan Stewart (May 28, 2023). "CDaizo Horikoshi named PFL Golden Ball winner". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  38. ^ "Kaya thwarts Stallion, wins elusive PFL title". The Philippine Star. May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.