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The People's Republic of China military reform of 2015 was a major restructuring of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), which flattened the command structure and allowed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to have more control over the military, with the aim of strengthening the combat capability of the PLA.[1]
| 2015 People's Republic of China military reform | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 深化國防和軍隊改革 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 深化国防和军队改革 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Deepening national defense and military reform | ||||||
| |||||||
History
editReform of China's defense and military structure began after Xi Jinping became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission in 2012. Under Xi's administration, China created the CCP National Security Commission and established an air defense identification zone in the East China Sea in 2013.[2] In 2014, Xi told the CCP Politburo that the PLA should operate by integrating multiple services.[2]
The "deepening national defense and military reform" was announced in November 2015 at a plenary session of the Central Military Commission (CMC)'s Central Leading Group for Military Reform.[3] They were expected to be long and extensive that aimed at turning the PLA into a modern military on par with international standards.[3] Before the reforms were announced, Xi said the CMC should directly control the military and new regional commands be created.[2]
In January 2014, Chinese senior military officers[who?] said that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was planning to reduce the number of military regions from seven to five Theater Commands to have joint command with the ground, naval, air and rocket forces. This is planned to change their concept of operations from primarily ground-oriented defense to mobile and coordinated movements of all services and to enhance offensive air and naval capabilities. The coastal areas would be turned into three military regions, each with a joint operations command (Jinan, Nanjing and Guangzhou) for projecting power into the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. The four other inland military regions (Shenyang, Beijing, Chengdu and Lanzhou) will be streamlined into two military areas mainly for organizing forces for operations. The change was projected to occur through 2019.[4][needs update]
On 1 January 2016, the CMC issued its "Deepening National Defense and Military Reform" document, which called for major restructuring of the military with the goal of modernizing and enhancing the military's operational capabilities.[5]: 288
The four traditional traditional departments of the military (General Political, General Logistics, General Armament and General Staff Departments) were replaced by 15 new departments, commissions, and offices led by the CMC.[5]: 288 Seven departments were created (General Office, Joint Staff Department, Political Work Department, Equipment Development Department, Training and Management Department, Logistics Support Department, and National Defense Mobilization Department).[5]: 289 The three Commissions created were the Discipline Inspection Commission, the Politics and Law Commission, and the Science and Technology Commission.[5]: 289 The five operational offices created were the Strategic Planning Office, the Reform and Organization Office, the International Military Cooperation Office, the Audit Bureau, and the Organ Affairs General Management Bureau.[5]: 289
On 1 February 2016, China replaced its system of seven military regions with newly-established Theater Commands: Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern, and Central.[5]: 289 In the prior system, operations were segmented by military branch and region.[5]: 289 In contrast, each Theater Command is intended to function as a unified entity with joint operations across different military branches.[5]: 289
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gill, Bates; Ni, Adam (2019). "China's Sweeping Military Reforms: Implications for Australia" (PDF). Security Challenges. 15 (1): 33–46. JSTOR 26644516 – via JSTOR.
- ^ a b c Mu, Chunshan (5 December 2015). "The Logic Behind China's Military Reforms". The Diplomat. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ a b Chan, Minnie (25 November 2015). "China hits the launch button for massive PLA shake-up to create a modern, nimble force". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ "China plans military reform to enhance its readiness". The Japan News. 2014-01-02. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Duan, Lei (2024). "Towards a More Joint Strategy: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms and Militia Reconstruction". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.). China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment. Leiden University Press. ISBN 9789087284411. JSTOR jj.15136086.