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1970 Tour de France

The 1970 Tour de France was the 57th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 27 June and 19 July, with 23 stages covering a distance of 4,254 km (2,643 mi). It was the second victory for Belgian Eddy Merckx, who also won the mountains classification, and nearly won every major jersey for a 2nd year in a row but finished second in the points classification behind Walter Godefroot by five points. The previous year only one rider was able to keep him within 20:00 and in 1970 a mere four other riders were within 20:00, with only debutant Joop Zoetemelk finishing inside 15:00 of Merckx.

1970 Tour de France
Route of the 1970 Tour de France
Route of the 1970 Tour de France
Race details
Dates27 June – 19 July 1970
Stages23 + Prologue, including five split stages
Distance4,254 km (2,643 mi)
Winning time119h 31' 49"
Results
Winner  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (Faemino–Faema)
  Second  Joop Zoetemelk (NED) (Flandria–Mars)
  Third  Gösta Pettersson (SWE) (Ferretti)
Points  Walter Godefroot (BEL) (Salvarani)
  Mountains  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (Faemino–Faema)
Combination  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (Faemino–Faema)
  Sprints  Cyrille Guimard (FRA) (Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson)
  Combativity  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (Faemino–Faema)
  Team Salvarani
← 1969
1971 →

Teams

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 1970 Tour de France.

The Tour de France started with 15 teams, of 10 cyclists each, from five different countries.[1][2] A few days before the Tour started, it became known that Paul Gutty had failed a doping test when he won the French national road championship. Gutty was removed from his Frimatic team,[3] and replaced by Rene Grelin.

The teams entering the race were:[1]

Pre-race favourites

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After his dominating victory in the previous year, Merckx was the major favourite.[4] The main competition was expected from Luis Ocaña and Bernard Thévenet. Early in the race, 86 journalists predicted who would be in the top five of the Tour. 85 of them expected Merckx to be in the top five; Ocana was named by 78, Poulidor by 73.[5] Merckx had already won important races in 1970, including Paris–Roubaix, Paris–Nice, the Giro d'Italia and the Belgian national road championship.[6] Luis Ocaña, who had won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and the Vuelta a España, suffered from bronchitis, but still started the Tour, unable to seriously challenge Merckx.[6]

Route and stages

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The 1970 Tour de France started on 27 June, and had no rest days.[7] After the financial success of the split stages in the 1969 Tour de France, even more split stages were used in the 1970 Tour.[6] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,115 m (6,939 ft) at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 19.[8][9]

Stage characteristics and winners[4][7][10][11]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
P 27 June Limoges 7.4 km (4.6 mi)   Individual time trial   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
1 27 June Limoges to La Rochelle 224.5 km (139.5 mi)   Plain stage   Cyrille Guimard (FRA)
2 28 June La Rochelle to Angers 200 km (120 mi)   Plain stage   Italo Zilioli (ITA)
3a 29 June Angers 10.7 km (6.6 mi)   Team time trial  Faemino–Faema
3b Angers to Rennes 140 km (87 mi)   Plain stage   Marino Basso (ITA)
4 30 June Rennes to Lisieux 229 km (142 mi)   Plain stage   Walter Godefroot (BEL)
5a 1 July Lisieux to Rouen 94.5 km (58.7 mi)   Plain stage   Walter Godefroot (BEL)
5b Rouen to Amiens 223 km (139 mi)   Plain stage   Jozef Spruyt (BEL)
6 2 July Amiens to Valenciennes 135.5 km (84.2 mi)   Plain stage   Roger De Vlaeminck (BEL)
7a 3 July Valenciennes to Forest (Belgium) 120 km (75 mi)   Plain stage   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
7b Forest (Belgium) 7.2 km (4.5 mi)   Individual time trial   José Antonio González (ESP)
8 4 July Ciney (Belgium) to Felsberg (Saar) [de] (West Germany) 232.5 km (144.5 mi)   Plain stage   Alain Vasseur (FRA)
9 5 July Saarlouis (West Germany) to Mulhouse 269.5 km (167.5 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Mogens Frey (DEN)
10 6 July Belfort to Divonne-les-Bains 241 km (150 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
11a 7 July Divonne-les-Bains 8.8 km (5.5 mi)   Individual time trial   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
11b Divonne-les-Bains to Thonon-les-Bains 139.5 km (86.7 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Marino Basso (ITA)
12 8 July Thonon-les-Bains to Grenoble 194 km (121 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
13 9 July Grenoble to Gap 194.5 km (120.9 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Primo Mori (ITA)
14 10 July Gap to Mont Ventoux 170 km (110 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
15 11 July Carpentras to Montpellier 140.5 km (87.3 mi)   Plain stage   Rini Wagtmans (NED)
16 12 July Montpellier to Toulouse 160 km (99 mi)   Plain stage   Albert Van Vlierberghe (BEL)
17 13 July Toulouse to Saint-Gaudens 190 km (120 mi)   Plain stage   Luis Ocaña (ESP)
18 14 July Saint-Gaudens to La Mongie 135.5 km (84.2 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
19 15 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Mourenx 185.5 km (115.3 mi)   Stage with mountain(s)   Christian Raymond (FRA)
20a 16 July Mourenx to Bordeaux 223.5 km (138.9 mi)   Plain stage   Rolf Wolfshohl (FRG)
20b Bordeaux 8.2 km (5.1 mi)   Individual time trial   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
21 17 July Ruffec to Tours 191.5 km (119.0 mi)   Plain stage   Marino Basso (ITA)
22 18 July Tours to Versailles 238.5 km (148.2 mi)   Plain stage   Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA)
23 19 July Versailles to Paris 54 km (34 mi)   Individual time trial   Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Total 4,254 km (2,643 mi)[12]

Race overview

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A road with, from front to back, a motor, a car, and tens of cyclists 
The race director's car and peloton at the start of stage two in La Rochelle

The big favourite Merckx won the opening prologue, but he decided not to try to keep this leading position during the entire race.[13] In the next stage, Merckx' team chased back all the escapees, so the stage ended in a bunch sprint, which was won by Cyrille Guimard as Merckx kept the overall lead. In the second stage, a few cyclists escaped, and two of Merckx' teammates, Italo Zilioli and Georges Vandenberghe, joined the escape. Merckx' teammate Zilioli was ranked highest amongst the escaped cyclists, and none of them were considered competitors for the general classification, so Guillaume Driessens, Merckx's team leader, allowed the breakaway to work, and told Zilioli and Vandenberghe to give their best.[6] Merckx however chased his own teammates.[6] The group stayed away, Zilioli won the sprint and became the new leader, 4 seconds ahead of Merckx.[14][15] After the stage, Merckx was angry at his team leader, because he had allowed Zilioli to "steal" Merckx' yellow jersey, but Driessens explained to him that the other teams had spent energy to chase Zilioli, and the argument was over.[16] Team Faema won the team time trial in stage 3A keeping Zilioli the leader with Merckx in second place.[16]

Stage 3B was won by Marino Basso who edged Walter Godefroot and Cyrille Guimard in the sprint. Guimard took the green jersey from Jan Janssen as Zilioli kept his narrow lead in the overall situation. On stage 4 Herman Van Springel, who had finished 2nd in the closest Tour in history two years earlier and was in the top 10 of the general classification, made a late attack to go for the stage win on a slight uphill. He was caught right at the finish line and passed at the last possible second by De Vlaeminck and Godefroot, who took the stage win.[17] Stage 5 was another split stage and Godefroot took another stage win with Daniel Van Ryckeghem and De Vlaeminck rounding out the podium. In stage 5B Jozef Spruyt and Leo Duyndam broke away with still an hour or so to race. Duyndam did all of the work and the two of them survived to the finish about ten seconds ahead of the hard charging peloton. At the very end of the stage Spruyt came around the exhausted Duyndam and stole the stage win.[18] Following this Duyndam took over the Most Combative Rider lead from Joaquim Agostinho for the next few stages.

Stage 6 finished at the velodrome in Valenciennes where Roger De Vlaeminck took the stage win in the sprint. During this stage Zilioli had a flat tire. Normally, if the leader in the Tour de France suffers a flat tire, a teammate would offer his wheel, and some teammates would stay with him to help him get back into the peloton. However, this time Merckx was considered more important, and Zilioli was given no help. Zilioli finished the stage one minute behind.[19] Merckx was now in the maillot jaune with Godefroot in 2nd by a few seconds and De Vlaeminck, Janssen and Van Springel less than a minute behind.

Stage 7 was another split stage and in the first segment Merckx went on the offensive and claimed the win. He finished ten seconds ahead of Lucien Van Impe, but won considerable time on those closest to him in the GC. Stage 7B was a short ITT, just over seven kilometers long that was run in the rain. José Antonio González Linares put in the fastest time with Merckx three seconds slower. Notably, Roger De Vlaeminck crashed out during the time trial and had to be taken away in an ambulance. Merckx rode by this scene and this contributed to him taking less risk.[20] At the end of the day Merckx had opened up a legitimate lead on the rest of the field and now only Godefroot and Janssen were within about two minutes as Van Springel, Joop Zoetemelk and Raymond Poulidor were about three minutes behind. As a result of De Vlaeminck crashing out Tour debutant Zoetemelk became the new leader for the Mars–Flandria team.[21]

In stage 8 Alain Vasseur made an escape and survived to the finish, winning the stage by over a minute ahead of the peloton as the overall situation remained the same. In stage 9, Mogens Frey and Joaquim Agostinho, teammates, broke away together. They worked together to stay away, but near the end of the stage Frey stopped working and had Agostinho do all the work, even after his team manager told him to help. In the sprint, Agostinho expected his teammate to give him the victory because he had done all the work, but to his surprise Frey started to come around him. Agostinho then grabbed Frey's handlebars, and crossed the finish line first. The race jury did not allow this, and gave the victory to Frey, putting Agostinho in second place.[6]

Stage 10 included a climb to Les Rousses and on this stage Merckx attacked in an attempt to drop all of his competitors yet again. Only Guerrino Tosello, who was not a threat in the GC, and Georges Pintens as well as Zoetemelk were able to go with him.[22] The time gained over the rest of the contenders was substantial as Merckx took the stage win with Pintens and Tosello crossing the line right behind him and Zoetemelk pulling up and crossing two seconds later. Zoetemelk was now in 2nd place at +2:51, Pintens rose to 3rd at +3:55. The rest of the field was considerably distanced with Gösta Pettersson rising from outside the top 10 all the way up to 4th place at +7:44 because he finished within a group including Francisco Galdós and Johny Schleck who themselves put several minutes of time into the other contenders. 3rd place Pintens was initially riding for Herman Van Springel, who was now in 5th place at +8:02.

Zoetemelk said that he would focus on defending his second place, because he thought Merckx was better than the rest of the world.[23]

Stage 11, a split stage, was the 16th stage of the race[24] and it began with a brief ITT just under ten kilometers. Merckx won with Linares, Zoetemelk and Charly Grosskost tying for 2nd at +0:09. 11B ended in a sprint with Basso taking his second stage win ahead of Godefroot and Janssen, all of whom were competing with Merckx in the Points Competition. Stage 12 was a mountainous stage with five notable climbs and Merckx won the stage with only Luis Zubero finishing within +2:00. He held the mountains jersey as well as the overall lead over Zoetemelk by just over six minutes, Pettersson by ten minutes followed by Van Springel, Poulidor and Zilioli. Stage 13 Andrés Gandarias claimed the Mountains jersey from Merckx early in the stage[25][26] and Primo Mori managed to stay away for the stage win. Merckx crossed the line with Zubero, Van Impe and Godefroot who kept his hold on the green jersey as Merckx added another +0:38 to his lead over 2nd and 3rd place. After the 13th stage, Merckx heard that Vicenze Giacotto, who started the Faema team around Merckx, had died of a heart attack.[27]

Stage 14 Merckx pushed himself to breaking point to win on Mont Ventoux. This was the first time the Tour returned there since the Death of Tom Simpson. He won the stage, reclaimed the lead in the Mountains and Points classifications and now only Zoetemelk was within +10:00. After he won this stage, Merckx briefly lost consciousness.[4][6]

The next stages were won by Marinus Wagtmans and Albert Van Vlierberghe with no major changes in the overall standings. Stage 17 was won by Luis Ocaña and stage 18 by Bernard Thévenet and the two of them, along with Zoetemelk, would be the most important rivals for Merckx in the coming years.

Stage 19 included the Col du Tourmalet and the Aubisque and was won by Christian Raymond. Stage 20 was the final split stage and Rolf Wolfshohl won the early stage as Merckx then won the short ITT ahead of Tomas Pettersson, the other Fåglum Brother riding the Tour aside from 3rd place Gosta. Merckx was now ten minutes clear of everyone. Stage 21 was won by Basso with Jean-Pierre Danguillaume being victorious the following day. The final time trial on stage 23, the 29th stage, which ended at the velodrome in Paris, was won by Merckx, with only Ocana, who would nearly defeat Merckx the following year, coming within +2:00.[28]

Walter Godefroot won the Points Classification and Cyrille Guimard won the intermediate sprints. Merckx took the Most Combative Rider as well as the Combination, Mountains and the Overall classifications. Zoetemelk was on the podium in 2nd, Gösta Pettersson in 3rd and Salvarani won the team classification, based on their rider's performance during the final time trial ahead of Kas–Kaskol.

Of the 150 riders to start the Tour 100 finished. The best new rider was Mogens Frey, Jean-Pierre Genet was voted Team-Rider Number one, Luis Ocaña was voted most elegant rider and Lucien Van Impe was voted friendliest rider.[29] There was no award for the best young rider, but Zoetemelk would have been the best rider under 25. The next year there was an award for the youngest rider to finish the Tour, a color television which was won by Zoetemelk.

Merckx was the third cyclist to win the Giro-Tour double in one year; Fausto Coppi and Jacques Anquetil had done it before. Coppi and Anquetil were over thirty years old at their doubles, Merckx was only 25.[30] The margin with the second placed cyclist was less than the year before; according to J.B. Wadley, the difference was that Merckx stopped attacking in 1970 after the Mont Ventoux; had he been inclined to win more time, he probably would have been able to.[6]

Classification leadership and minor prizes

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There were several classifications in the 1970 Tour de France, three of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.[31] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[32]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[33]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, but was not identified with a jersey in 1970.[34]

Another classification was the combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the white jersey.[35]

The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1970, this classification had no associated jersey.[36]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.[36]

The intermediate sprints classification, sponsored by Miko, was also named "hot spot". In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[37] Roger Pingeon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[7] The new rider classification was first calculated in 1970. It is not the same as the young rider classification, introduced in 1975.[4] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col d'Aubisque on stage 19. This prize was won by Raymond Delisle.[38][39]

Classification leadership by stage[40][41][42]
Stage Winner General classification
  		Points classification
  		Mountains classification[a] Combination classification
  		Intermediate sprints classification Team classification Combativity
Award Classification
P Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx no award no award no award Bic no award no award
1 Cyrille Guimard Cyrille Guimard Pierre Ghisellini Cyrille Guimard Cyrille Guimard Pierre Ghisellini Pierre Ghisellini
2 Italo Zilioli Italo Zilioli Jan Janssen Italo Zilioli Régis Delépine Italo Zilioli Italo Zilioli
3a Faemino–Faema Faemino–Faema Joaquim Agostinho
3b Marino Basso Cyrille Guimard Luis Zubero Cyrille Guimard
4 Walter Godefroot Walter Godefroot José Catieau Joaquim Agostinho
5a Walter Godefroot Eddy Merckx
5b Jozef Spruyt
6 Roger De Vlaeminck Eddy Merckx Roger De Vlaeminck Jaak De Boever Leo Duyndam
7a Eddy Merckx Walter Godefroot Lucien Van Impe
7b José Antonio González Joaquim Agostinho
8 Alain Vasseur Alain Vasseur
9 Mogens Frey Joaquim Agostinho
10 Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx
11a Eddy Merckx
11b Marino Basso
12 Eddy Merckx Dr. Mann–Grundig Andrés Gandarias Eddy Merckx
13 Primo Mori Faemino–Faema Primo Mori
14 Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx Kas–Kaskol Eddy Merckx
15 Rini Wagtmans Eddy Merckx
16 Albert Van Vlierberghe Walter Godefroot Attilio Benfatto
17 Luis Ocaña Luis Ocaña
18 Bernard Thévenet Eddy Merckx Raymond Delisle
19 Christian Raymond Walter Godefroot Raymond Delisle
20a Rolf Wolfshohl Gilbert Bellone
20b Eddy Merckx
21 Marino Basso Jean-Pierre Danguillaume
22 Jean-Pierre Danguillaume Jean-Pierre Danguillaume
23 Eddy Merckx Salvarani
Final Eddy Merckx Walter Godefroot Eddy Merckx Eddy Merckx Cyrille Guimard Salvarani Eddy Merckx
  • During the stages when Merckx was leading the general classification and the points classification, Merckx wore the yellow jersey and the number two of the points classification was wearing a black/green jersey. When Merckx was leading the general classification and the combination classification, the number two of the combination classification wore a black/white jersey.[43]

Final standings

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Legend
A yellow jersey.  Denotes the winner of the general classification A green jersey.  Denotes the winner of the points classification
A white jersey.  Denotes the winner of the combination classification

General classification

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Final general classification (1–10)[44]
Rank Rider Team Time
1   Eddy Merckx (BEL) A yellow jersey.  A white jersey.  Faemino–Faema 119h 31' 49"
2   Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Flandria–Mars + 12' 41"
3   Gösta Pettersson (SWE) Ferretti + 15' 54"
4   Martin Vandenbossche (BEL) Molteni + 18' 53"
5   Rini Wagtmans (NED) Willem II–Gazelle + 19' 54"
6   Lucien Van Impe (BEL) Sonolor–Lejeune + 20' 34"
7   Raymond Poulidor (FRA) Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson + 20' 35"
8   Antoon Houbrechts (BEL) Salvarani + 21' 34"
9   Francisco Galdós (ESP) Kas–Kaskol + 21' 45"
10   Georges Pintens (BEL) Dr. Mann–Grundig + 23' 23"

Points classification

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Final points classification (1–10)[45][46]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Walter Godefroot (BEL) A green jersey.  Salvarani 212
2   Eddy Merckx (BEL) A yellow jersey.  A white jersey.  Faemino–Faema 207
3   Marino Basso (ITA) Molteni 161
4   Jan Janssen (NED) Bic 151
5   Cyrille Guimard (FRA) Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson 138
6   Rini Wagtmans (NED) Willem II–Gazelle 116
7   Daniel Van Rijckeghem (BEL) Dr. Mann–Grundig 100
8   Harry Steevens (NED) Caballero–Laurens 77.5
9   Luis Ocaña (ESP) Bic 75
10   Mogens Frey (DEN) Frimatic–de Gribaldy 73

Mountains classification

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Final mountains classification (1–10)[45][46]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Eddy Merckx (BEL) A yellow jersey.  A white jersey.  Faemino–Faema 128
2   Andrés Gandarias (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 94
3   Martin Vandenbossche (BEL) Molteni 85
4   Silvano Schiavon (ITA)[b] Salvarani 68
5   Lucien Van Impe (BEL) Sonolor–Lejeune 65
6   Primo Mori (ITA) Salvarani 64
7   Gösta Pettersson (SWE) Ferretti 59
8   Raymond Delisle (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin 57
9   Luis Zubero (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 52
10   Guerrino Tosello (ITA) Molteni 32

Combination classification

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Final combination classification (1–5)[47][46]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Eddy Merckx (BEL) A yellow jersey.  A white jersey.  Faemino–Faema 4
2   Martin Vandenbossche (BEL) Molteni 21.5
3   Rini Wagtmans (NED) Willem II–Gazelle 23
4   Lucien Van Impe (BEL) Sonolor–Lejeune 25.5
5   Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Flandria–Mars 32.5

Intermediate sprints classification

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Final intermediate sprints classification (1–10)[47][48]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Cyrille Guimard (FRA) Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson 67
2   Giancarlo Polidori (ITA) Scic 48
3   Jaak De Boever (BEL) Flandria–Mars 22
4   Pieter Nassen (BEL) Flandria–Mars 20
5   Rolf Wolfshohl (FRG) Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson 18
6   Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin 12
7   Raymond Riotte (FRA) Sonolor–Lejeune 10
8   José Catieau (FRA) Sonolor–Lejeune 9
9   Jozef Spruyt (BEL) Faemino–Faema 8
10   Evert Dolman (NED) Willem II–Gazelle 8

Team classification

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Final team classification (1–10)[45]
Rank Team Time
1 Salvarani 354h 22' 56"
2 Kas–Kaskol + 1' 14"
3 Faemino–Faema + 9' 45"
4 Sonolor–Lejeune + 29' 21"
5 Dr. Mann–Grundig + 34' 23"
6 Peugeot–BP–Michelin + 35' 35"
7 Molteni + 45' 35"
8 Bic + 51' 17"
9 Fagor–Mercier–Hutchinson + 59' 39"
10 Frimatic–de Gribaldy + 1h 04' 11"

Combativity classification

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Final combativity classification (1–10)[49][50]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Eddy Merckx (BEL) A yellow jersey.  A white jersey.  Faemino–Faema 366
2   Joaquim Agostinho (POR) Frimatic–de Gribaldy 340
3   Raymond Delisle (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin 273
4   Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin 252
5   Andrés Gandarias (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 176
6   Primo Mori (ITA) Salvarani 172
7   Gilbert Bellone  (ESP) Sonolor–Lejeune 164
8   Raymond Riotte (FRA) Sonolor–Lejeune 148
9   Attilio Benfatto (ITA) Scic 125
10   Pierre Ghisellini (FRA) Frimatic–de Gribaldy 122

New rider classification

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Final new rider classification (1–10)[49][51]
Rank Rider Team Points
1   Mogens Frey (DEN) Frimatic–de Gribaldy 77
2   Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Flandria–Mars 67
3   Lucien Van Impe (BEL) Sonolor–Lejeune 36
4   Nemesio Jiménez (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 34
5   José Antonio González (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 33
6   Tomas Pettersson (SWE) Ferretti 31
7   Luis Zubero (ESP) Kas–Kaskol 27
8   Gösta Pettersson (SWE) Ferretti 22
9   Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin 21
10   Jan van Katwijk (NED) Willem II–Gazelle 18

Aftermath

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Merckx had been so dominant during the entire Tour, that the organisation was afraid the race would become dull. The director Félix Lévitan announced that rule changes were considered to break the power of Merckx's team, that he was considering to return to national teams, and to reduce the number of time trials in the Tour.[52] The 1971 Tour did not see major changes in rules, but the number of individual time trials decreased from five to two.

Notes

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  1. ^ No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.[34]
  2. ^ Schiavon did not finish the race, but left the race after the last mountain stage. In 1970, the rules were such that Schiavon was still listed in the mountains classification.

References

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  1. ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1970 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Equipos participantes en el Tour" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 24 June 1970. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2019.
  3. ^ "Franse kampioen Gutty betrapt". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 25 June 1970. p. 21.
  4. ^ a b c d "57ème Tour de France 1970" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  5. ^ "Zoetemelk vijfde in Paris?". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). Leiden.courant.nu. 3 July 1970. p. 7. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h McGann & McGann 2008, pp. 47–53.
  7. ^ a b c Augendre 2016, p. 61.
  8. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 188.
  9. ^ "Tour de France 1970". Het Parool (in Dutch). 25 June 1970. p. 19 – via Delpher.
  10. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  11. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1970 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  12. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 109.
  13. ^ "Eddy Merckx "ongewild" leider". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 27 June 1970. p. 15. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  14. ^ "Driessens' plan lukt: Zilioli in gele trui". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 29 June 1970. p. 20. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  15. ^ "57ème Tour de France 1970 – 2ème étape" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  16. ^ a b "Eddy Merckx controleert peloton Tour de France". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 30 June 1970. p. 19. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  17. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  18. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  19. ^ "Ploegleider en knechten lieten Zilioli in de steek". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 3 July 1970. p. 21. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  20. ^ "Eddy Merckx heeft Tour reeds beslist". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 4 July 1970. p. 13. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  21. ^ "Zoetemelk ineens kopman van Mars". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 4 July 1970. p. 13. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  22. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  23. ^ "57ème Tour de France 1970 – 10ème étape" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  24. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  25. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  26. ^ The source for Wikipedia in the Classification chart lists Merckx as being in the lead of the Mountains classification after stage 13, but the McGann Publishing Bike Race Info source claims that Gandarias held the lead after stage 13 and Merckx reclaimed it after stage 14
  27. ^ "Eddy Merckx reed huilend ereronde". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). De krant van toen. 10 July 1970. p. 21. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  28. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  29. ^ "tdf1970". Bikeraceinfo by McGann Publishing. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
  30. ^ "Eerste double voor Merckx". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). Leiden.courant.nu. 20 July 1970. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  31. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
  32. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
  33. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
  34. ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
  35. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
  36. ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
  37. ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
  38. ^ "El francés Raymond ganó, en solitario, la etapa de ayer" [The Frenchman Raymond won the stage yesterday alone]. ABC (in Spanish). 16 July 1970. p. 60.
  39. ^ "Grote bergpris" [Large mountain prizes]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 16 July 1970. p. 25.
  40. ^ "Dag na dag en rit na rit in de Tour" [Day after day and stage after stage in the Tour]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 20 July 1970. p. 15. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019.
  41. ^ Wadley 1970, pp. 58–60.
  42. ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1970" [Information about the Tour de France from 1970]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  43. ^ Jean-Louis Bey. "Mémoire du cyclisme: Les maillots du Tour de France 1970" (in French). Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  44. ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1970 – Stage 23 Versailles > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  45. ^ a b c "Clasificaciones oficiales" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 20 July 1970. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2019.
  46. ^ a b c Wadley 1970, p. 62.
  47. ^ a b "1970 Tour de France - June 27 to July 19". Bike Race Info. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  48. ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Sprintdoorkomsten in de Tour de France 1970" [Sprint results in the Tour de France 1970]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  49. ^ a b "Il Tour in cifre" [The Tour in figures]. Corriere dello Sport (in Italian). 20 July 1970. p. 5. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019.
  50. ^ "Classements" [Standings] (PDF). Feuille d'Avis de Neuchâtel (in French). 20 July 1970. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2019 – via RERO.
  51. ^ "Jongerenprijs: Frey eindoverwinnaar". Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 20 July 1970. p. 15. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  52. ^ Nelissen, Jean (20 July 1970). "Merckx is dodelijk voor Tour". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). Leiden.courant.nu. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.

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