This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
The year 1911 in film involved some significant events.
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Events
edit- February: The Motion Picture Story Magazine, the first American film fan magazine, is published. It is followed later in the year by Photoplay.
- April 8: Winsor McCay releases his first film Little Nemo, one of the earliest animated films.
- October 23 (October 10 OS): Svetozar Botorić's The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe (Život i dela besmrtnog vožda Karađorđa, Живот и дела бесмртног вожда Карађорђа) premieres in Belgrade and becomes the first feature film made in Serbia and the Balkans.
- October 26: Defence of Sevastopol («Оборона Севастополя») premieres at the Crimean palace of Tsar Nicholas II and becomes the first feature-length film made in the Russian Empire and one of the first in the world. It is also the first known film to use a multiple-camera setup (2 cameras)
- October 27: David Horsley's Nestor Motion Picture Company opens the first motion picture studio in Hollywood.
- November: The Kalem Company of New York pays the estate of author Lew Wallace $25,000 in legal settlement for having adapted Ben Hur (1907 film) from his novel without securing prior rights.
Films released in 1911
edit- Aerial Anarchists
- Alkali Ike's Auto, starring Bronco Billy Anderson
- Les Aventures de Baron de Munchhausen (aka Baron Munchausen), directed by Georges Melies[1][2]
- The Baby's Ghost (French/ Lux Film)[3]
- Baseball and Bloomers
- The Battle, directed by D. W. Griffith
- Beneath the Tower Ruins (British-French co-production produced by Charles Urban)[4]
- The Bells, Australian film in 1911 written and directed by W. J. Lincoln, based on the 1871 play by Leopold Lewis[5]
- The Bewitched Window (French/ Pathe)[6]
- Bill Bumper's Bargain, starring Francis X. Bushman as Mephistopheles [7]
- Bill Taken for a Ghost (French/ Lux Film) aka Patouillard Fantome, directed by Romeo Bosetti; one of a series of 60 silent films made in France all featuring the comic character Patouillard (the character's name was changed to "Bill" in the US)[8]
- The Black Arrow, based on the Robert Louis Stevenson novel The Black Arrow[9]
- Blood Vengeance, Italian film directed by Luigi Maggi, starring Antonietta Calderari, based on a story by Gabriele (Cabiria) D'Anunzio[10]
- Brown of Harvard
- The Buddhist Priestess
- By the House That Jack Built (Imp/ Universal) directed by Thomas H. Ince, starring Mary Pickford[11][12]
- Cally's Comet
- The Coffin Ship
- The Colonel and the King
- Courting Across the Court
- The Cowboy and the Lady
- Curse of the Wandering Minstrel (Walturdaw Films)[13]
- Dandy Dick of Bishopgate, British film directed by Theo Frenkel, shot in the two-color Kinemacolor process[14]
- David Copperfield (Thanhouser) directed by George O. Nichols[15]
- Defence of Sevastopol, Russian film directed by Vasili Goncharov[16]
- The Demon (an Italian/Russian co-production) directed by Giovanni Vitrotti, starring Madame Cemesnova and Mikhail Tamarov, based on a poem by Mikhail Lermontov[17]
- The Devil as a Lawyer (German/ Messter Films, UFA) [18]
- The Devil's Sonata, Danish film based on a musical work by the 18th-century Italian composer Giuseppe Tarantini, plot is similar to the 1894 George du Maurier novel Trilby.[19]
- The Diabolical Church Window, directed by Georges Melies
- Dr. Charlie is a Great Surgeon (Eclair Prods.)[20]
- The Dream, directed by Thomas H. Ince, starring Mary Pickford
- Enoch Arden, directed by D. W. Griffith
- An Evil Power (Selig-Polyscope) written and directed by Francis Boggs, starring Sydney Ayres and Frank Clark[21][22]
- The Fairy Jewel (Italian film directed by Giuseppe de Liguoro)[23]
- The Fall Of Troy, directed by Giovanni Pastrone
- Faust (British/ Hepworth) directed by Cecil M. Hepworth, starring Hay Plumb and Jack Hulcup (as Mephistopheles).[24]
- Faust and Marguerite (French/ Gaumont) directed by Jean Durand, starring Gaston Modot [25]
- First Indy 500 (First year footage from the auto race. Filmed on May 30, 1911.)
- The Fisherman's Nightmare (French/ Pathe)[26]
- Flames and Fortune
- For Her Sake
- From Death to Life (Rex Films/ Universal) featured a mad scientist[27]
- The Ghost's Warning (Edison Prods.) directed by Ashley Miller, starring Mary Fuller, Darwin Karr and Marc McDermott[28][29]
- The Golden Beetle (Italian/ Cines-Kleine) ran 60 minutes[30]
- The Haunted Cafe (German film/ Messter) aka The Bewitched Restaurant, produced by Oskar Messter, starring Henny Porten, featured trick photography effects a la Melies[31]
- The Haunted House (French/ Gaumont)[32]
- The Haunted House (Universal/ Imp) directed by William F. Haddock, starring King Baggot[33]
- His Trust, directed by D. W. Griffith
- His Trust Fulfilled, directed by D. W. Griffith. The sequel to Griffith's earlier 1911 short film "His Trust"
- Her Crowning Glory
- The Higher Law
- The Hunchback (British) directed by A. E. Coleby, starring Edwin J. Collins as the hunchback[34]
- Hypnotism (French/ Lux) starring James Mapelli, based on the 1894 George du Maurier novel Trilby[35]
- The Inferno (L'Inferno) (Italian) aka Dante's Inferno, a big budget spectacular adapted from Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy; directed by Francesco Bertolini and Giuseppe De Liguoro, starring Salvatore Anzelmo Papa and Arturo Pirovano[36]
- The Inner Mind (Selig-Polyscope Co.)[37]
- It Is Never Too Late to Mend (Australian film) written and directed by W. J. Lincoln, based on the 1856 Charles Reade novel, later remade in 1937 starring Tod Slaughter[38]
- Jones' Nightmare; or, The Lobster Still Pursued Him (British/ Acme Films) directed by Fred Rains (Claude Rains' father) who also starred.[39][40]
- Kitty in Dreamland (British/ Klein-Urban)[41]
- The Legend of the Lake (Italian/ Cines Films) based on the Legend of the Undines[42]
- The Life of a Nun (Danish/ Nordisk) starring Edith Buemann Psilander, possibly the first ever "nunsploitation" film, said to have inspired comic book artist Bob Kane to create a 1940s "Batman" comic book villain called The Monk[43]
- Little Nemo, silent animated short film by American cartoonist Winsor McCay
- Little Red Riding Hood (British/ C&M Prods.)[44]
- Little Red Riding Hood (Essanay Films) starring Eva Prout [45]
- Little Red Riding Hood (Majestic) starring Mary Pickford[46]
- The Lobster Nightmare (British/ Walturdaw Films) not to be confused with Jones' Nightmare above.[47]
- The Lonedale Operator, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Blanche Sweet
- The Love of a Siren, aka Amore di sirena (Italian/ Cines)[48]
- The Man-Monkey (British/ C&M)[49]
- The Masque of the Red Death (Italian/ Ambrosio) based on the famous 1842 story by Edgar Allan Poe; said to have influenced Charles Beaumont when he wrote the screenplay for the 1964 Roger Corman-produced remake.[50]
- The Miser's Heart, directed by D. W. Griffith
- A Modern Yarn (French/ Pathe)[51]
- The Moonstone (British) produced by Charles Urban, based on the 1868 novel by Wilkie Collins[52]
- Der Müller und sein Kind (translation from Austrian: The Miller and His Child)
- The Mummy (French/ Pathe)[53]
- The Mummy (Thanhouser)[54]
- The Mummy (British/ Charles Urban Films)[55]
- The Mysterious Stranger (French/ Eclipse)[56]
- Notre Dame de Paris (French/ Pathe) aka The Hunchback of Notre Dame, directed by Albert Capellani, starring Henri Krauss as Quasimodo and Stacia Mapierkowska as Esmeralda, based on the Victor Hugo novel [57]
- The Odyssey (L'Odissea)
- An Old Time Nightmare (Powers Films) features giant birds[58]
- The Pasha's Daughter
- The Pied Piper of Hamlin (French/ Pathe)[59]
- The Pied Piper of Hamlin (Thanhouser Prods.)[60]
- Princess Clementina
- Purgatory (Italian/ Helios Films) directed by Giuseppe Berardi (who also stars) and Arturo Busnego; a sequel to Helios' Inferno (1910).[61]
- Queen of Spades (Italian/ Cines) based on the 1834 story Pikovaya dama by Russian writer Alexander Pushkin; a lost film.[62]
- The Railroad Builder
- Rosalie and Spiritisme (French/ Pathe-Lux)[63]
- Satan Defeated, aka Satan Vaincu (French/ Pathe); a lost film.[64]
- Satan on Mischief Bent (British) produced by Charles Urban[65]
- The Saving of Faust (French/ Pathe) [66]
- The Scarlet Letter
- She (Thanhouser) written by Theodore Marston, directed by George Nichols, starring Marguerite Snow, James Cruze; based on the 1886 H. Rider Haggard novel[67]
- The Smuggler
- A Spiritualistic Seance (French/ Pathe)[68]
- Sweet Memories
- Swords and Hearts, directed by D. W. Griffith
- A Tale of Two Cities
- That's Happiness
- Trilby and Svengali (British/ Kinematograph) produced by Charles Urban, directed by Theo Frankel (who also starred in it); filmed in color; based on the 1894 George du Maurier novel Trilby[69]
- What Shall We Do with Our Old?
- Willy the Ghost (French/ Eclair Films) aka Willy Fantome, directed by Joseph Faivre, starring Willy Saunders (who starred in around 70 films all featuring the character "Willy".[70][71]
- Winsor McCay And His Animated Pictures
- The Witch of Abruzzi (Belgian/ Le Lion Films) this Belgium film was partially shot in France.[72][73]
- The Witch of Seville (Italian/ Itala Films) aka La Strega de Siviglia[74]
- Won by Wireless
Births
edit- January 5 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, actor (died 2001)
- January 7 – Butterfly McQueen, actress (died 1995)
- January 22 – Mary Hayley Bell, actress, writer and dramatist, wife of Sir John Mills (d 2005)
- January 30 – Hugh Marlowe, actor (died 1982)
- January 31 – Eddie Byrne, actor (died 1981)
- February 6 – Ronald Reagan, actor, United States President (died 2004)
- February 9 – Gypsy Rose Lee, actress and burlesque dancer (died 1970)
- February 14 – Florence Rice, actress (died 1974)
- February 19 – Merle Oberon, actress (died 1979)
- February 20 – Margot Grahame, actress (died 1982)
- March 3 – Jean Harlow, actress (died 1937)
- March 10 – Edward Norris, actor, (died 2002)
- March 18 – Smiley Burnette, actor, musician (died 1967)
- April 23 – Ronald Neame, cinematographer, producer and director (died 2010)
- May 7 – Ishirō Honda, director (died 1993)
- May 11
- Louise Campbell, actress (died 1997)[75]
- Phil Silvers, actor (died 1985)
- May 17 – Maureen O'Sullivan, actress (died 1998)
- May 18 – Sigrid Gurie, actress (died 1969)
- May 23 - Bert Morrison, American actor, singer and jazz player (died 1995)
- May 27 – Vincent Price, actor (died 1993)
- May 30 – Douglas Fowley, actor (died 1998)
- June 1 – Gertrude Michael, actress (died 1964)
- June 3 – Ellen Corby, actress (died 1999)
- June 20 – Gail Patrick (died 1980)
- June 29 – Bernard Hermann, composer (died 1975)
- July 6 – Laverne Andrews, singer, actress, member of Andrews Sisters (died 1967)
- July 14 – Terry-Thomas, actor (died 1990)
- July 16 – Ginger Rogers, actress, dancer (died 1995)
- July 18 – Hume Cronyn, actor (died 2003)
- July 28 – Ann Doran, actress (died 2000)
- August 2 – Ann Dvorak, American actress (died 1979)
- August 3 – Alex McCrindle, British actor (died 1990)
- August 5 – Robert Taylor, actor (died 1969)
- August 6 – Lucille Ball, actress (died 1989)
- August 7 – Nicholas Ray, director (died 1979)
- August 12 – Cantinflas, actor (died 1993)
- August 19 – Constance Worth, actress (died 1963)
- September 2 – Erwin Hillier, cinematographer (died 2005)
- September 10 – Renée Simonot, actress and voice artist (died 2021)
- October 13 – Ashok Kumar, actor, India (died 2001)
- October 20 – Will Rogers, Jr., actor (died 1993)
- October 27 – Leif Erickson, actor (died 1986)
- October 30 – Ruth Hussey, actress (died 2005)
- October 31 – Sheila Bromley, actress, (died 2003)
- November 5
- Roy Rogers, singer, actor (died 1998)
- Baby Marie Osborne, child actress (died 2010)
- November 10 – Harry Andrews, actor (died 1989)
- December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, actor (died 1976)
- December 9 – Broderick Crawford, actor (died 1986)
- December 23 – James Gregory, actor (died 2002)
- December 29 – Claire Dodd, actress (died 1973)
- December 30 – Jeanette Nolan, actress (died 1998)
Deaths
edit- January 18 – Arthur Marvin, cinematographer, (born 1859)
- May 29 – W. S. Gilbert, producer of musicals, half of the team of Gilbert and Sullivan, (born 1836)
- July 18 – Genevieve Lantelme, actress, (born 1883)
- August 11 – Verner Clarges, actor, (born 1846)
- October 27 – Francis Boggs, director, (born 1870)
- November 2 – Kyrle Bellew, actor, (born 1855)
- December 22 – Wright Lorimer, stage actor, screenwriter, (born 1874)
- Unknown – Woodville Latham, producer and exhibitor whose desire to shoot an entire boxing match on a single reel of film led to the invention of the Latham loop (born 1837)
Debuts
edit- Lionel Barrymore – The Battle (*debatable; film debut much earlier)
- Francis X. Bushman – His Friend's Wife (short)
- Paul Kelly – Jimmie's Job (short)
- Edgar Kennedy – Brown of Harvard
- Ann Little – The Indian Maiden's Lesson (short)
- Harold Lockwood – The White Red Man (short)
- Anna Q. Nilsson – Molly Pitcher (short)
- Anita Stewart – A Tale of Two Cities as Anna Stewart
- Lenore Ulric – The First Man (1911 short)
- Lois Weber – director, actress, A Heroine of '76 (short); writer, On the Brink (short)
References
edit- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 41.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard, Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ "Robert Louis Stevenson's the Black Arrow in Young Folks Paper – Digital Collections".
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.82. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.82. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.83. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Pointer, Michael (1996). Charles Dickens On The Screen: The Film, Television, and Video Adaptations. Scarecrow Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-810-82960-6.
- ^ Rollberg, Peter (2016). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 281. ISBN 9781442268425.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.83. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.83. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.83. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.82. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.84. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.84. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 42.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.85. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.85. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.85. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.86. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.86. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.87. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.88. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.88. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.88. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 43.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.89. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.89. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.90. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.90. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 44.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.91. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 45.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.90. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 45.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p.90. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 45.
- ^ "Louise Campbell, Actress, 86". The New York Times. November 11, 1997. Retrieved 26 October 2016.