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1616

1616 (MDCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1616th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 616th year of the 2nd millennium, the 16th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1616, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
March 11: Galileo assures Pope Paul V that he will not teach Copernican theory
1616 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1616
MDCXVI
Ab urbe condita2369
Armenian calendar1065
ԹՎ ՌԿԵ
Assyrian calendar6366
Balinese saka calendar1537–1538
Bengali calendar1023
Berber calendar2566
English Regnal year13 Ja. 1 – 14 Ja. 1
Buddhist calendar2160
Burmese calendar978
Byzantine calendar7124–7125
Chinese calendar乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit)
4313 or 4106
    — to —
丙辰年 (Fire Dragon)
4314 or 4107
Coptic calendar1332–1333
Discordian calendar2782
Ethiopian calendar1608–1609
Hebrew calendar5376–5377
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1672–1673
 - Shaka Samvat1537–1538
 - Kali Yuga4716–4717
Holocene calendar11616
Igbo calendar616–617
Iranian calendar994–995
Islamic calendar1024–1025
Japanese calendarGenna 2
(元和２年)
Javanese calendar1536–1537
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3949
Minguo calendar296 before ROC
民前296年
Nanakshahi calendar148
Thai solar calendar2158–2159
Tibetan calendar阴木兔年
(female Wood-Rabbit)
1742 or 1361 or 589
    — to —
阳火龙年
(male Fire-Dragon)
1743 or 1362 or 590
The Dutch establish the colony of Essequibo

Events

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January–March

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April–June

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  • April 25 – Sir John Coke, in the Court of King's Bench (England), holds the King's actions in a case of In commendam to be illegal.
  • May 3 – The Treaty of Loudun is signed, ending a series of rebellions in France.[14]
  • May 25 – King James I of England's former favourite, the Earl of Somerset, and his wife Frances, are convicted of the murder of Thomas Overbury in 1613. They are spared death, and are sentenced to imprisonment in the Tower of London (until 1622).[15] Although the King has ordered the investigation of the poet's murder and allowed his former court favorite to be arrested and tried, his court, now under the influence of George Villiers, gains the reputation of being corrupt and vile. The sale of peerages (beginning in July)[16] and the royal visit of James's brother-in-law, Christian IV of Denmark, a notorious drunkard, add further scandal.
  • June 12 – Pocahontas (now Rebecca) arrives in England, with her husband, John Rolfe,[17] their one-year-old son, Thomas Rolfe, her half-sister Matachanna (alias Cleopatra) and brother-in-law Tomocomo, the shaman also known as Uttamatomakkin (having set out in May). Ten Powhatan Indians are brought by Sir Thomas Dale, the colonial governor, at the request of the Virginia Company, as a fund-raising device. Dale, having been recalled under criticism, writes A True Relation of the State of Virginia, Left by Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, in May last, 1616, in a successful effort to redeem his leadership. Neither Pocahontas or Dale see Virginia again.

July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Ongoing

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Births

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Ferdinand Bol
 
John Leverett
 
Nicholas Culpeper
 
John Wallis

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Probable

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Deaths

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Charles de Ligne
 
William Shakespeare
 
Miguel de Cervantes
 
Tokugawa Ieyasu
 
Jacob Le Maire

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Probable

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References

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  1. ^ Research Opportunities in Renaissance Drama: The Report of the Modern Language Association Conference. Northwestern University Press. 1989. p. 36.
  2. ^ Jehângïr's period of stay at Ajmer was from 5 Shawwäl 1022 to 1 Zil-qä'da 1025 equivalent to November 8, 1613, to October 31, 1616.
  3. ^ Strachan, Michael (2004). "Roe, Sir Thomas (1581–1644)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23943. Retrieved October 9, 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ Donaldson, Ian (2004). "Jonson, Benjamin (1572–1637)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15116. Retrieved October 9, 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ a b Event dated with reference to historical documents. "Global Volcanism Program". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Galileo", by Edward S. Holden, The Popular Science Monthly (May, 1905) p.66, 68
  7. ^ "East Indies: February 1616". Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan: 1513–1616. Vol. 2. 1864. pp. 457–461. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  8. ^ The Pontifical Decrees against the Motion of the Earth, Considered in their Bearing on the Theory of Advanced Ultramontanism (Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1870) pp.5-6
  9. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  10. ^ a b Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1616". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
  11. ^ The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington, D.C.; New York: Freer Gallery of Art; Arthur M. Sackler Gallery; Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press. 1999 [1829]. ISBN 9780195127188.
  12. ^ Findly, Ellison Banks (2000). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-19-507488-2.
  13. ^ Nath, Renuka (1990). Notable Mughal and Hindu women in the 16th and 17th centuries A.D. New Delhi: Inter-India Publ. p. 72. ISBN 9788121002417.
  14. ^ Victor L. Tapié (July 12, 1984). France in the Age of Louis XIII and Richelieu. CUP Archive. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-0-521-26924-7.
  15. ^ Bellany, Alastair (2004). "Carr, Robert, earl of Somerset (1585/6?–1645)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4754. Retrieved October 9, 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  16. ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 170–172. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  17. ^ Robert S. Tilton (November 25, 1994). Pocahontas: The Evolution of an American Narrative. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-521-46959-3.
  18. ^ a b Elliott O'Donnell (January 1, 1915). The Irish abroad, a record of the achievements of wanderers from Ireland. Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 303.
  19. ^ Arano, Yasunori (2005). "The Formation of a Japanocentric World Order". International Journal of Asian Studies. 2 (2): 201. doi:10.1017/s1479591405000094. S2CID 145541884.
  20. ^ Plate now in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
  21. ^ Kellett, Arnold (2003). King James's School, 1616–2003. Knaresborough: King James's School. ISBN 0-9545195-0-7.
  22. ^ Published 1631.
  23. ^ Bland, M. (1998). "William Stansby and the production of the Workes of Beniamin Jonson, 1615–16". The Library. 20. Bibliographical Society: 10. doi:10.1093/library/20.1.1 (inactive November 1, 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  24. ^ Charlotte M. Gradie, The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616 (University of Utah Press, 2000) p. 32
  25. ^ The Encyclopedia of English Renaissance Literature. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Literature (1st ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2012. doi:10.1002/9781118297353.wbeerlb043.
  26. ^ "Robert Burton | English author, scholar, and clergyman". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  27. ^ "A Basic European Earthquake Catalogue and a Database for the evaluation of long-term seismicity and seismic hazard (BEECD)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  28. ^ Visram, Rozina (2002). Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-1373-6.
  29. ^ Ratnikas, Algirdas J. "Timeline Indonesia". Timelines.ws. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
  30. ^ Milton, Giles (1999). Nathaniel's Nutmeg: Or the True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader Who Changed the Course of History. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-21936-9.
  31. ^ "Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II". World Digital Library. 1620. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  32. ^ From an etching in the Guerre de Beauté, a series of six etchings depicting a celebration which took place in Florence in the year 1616 in honor of the prince of Urbino.
  33. ^ Bratton, Timothy (1988). "Identity of the New England Indian Epidemic of 1616–1619". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 62 (3): 352–383.
  34. ^ Marr, J. S.; Cathey, J. T. (February 2010). "New hypothesis for cause of epidemic among native Americans, New England, 1616-1619". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (2): 281–6. doi:10.3201/eid1602.090276. PMC 2957993. PMID 20113559.
  35. ^ Dobyns, Henry F. (1993). "Disease Transfer at Contact". Annual Review of Anthropology. 22: 273–291. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.22.1.273.
  36. ^ Spinage, Clive A. (2003). Cattle plague: a history. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-306-47789-0.
  37. ^ Charles L. Butler (2003). Biddeford. Arcadia Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7385-1303-4.
  38. ^ Bernhard, Virginia (1999). Slaves and Slaveholders in Bermuda, 1616–1782. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826212276.
  39. ^ Mintz, Sidney W. (1986). Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0140092331.
  40. ^ "Fludd, Robert (1574–1637) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  41. ^ Robbins, Russell Hope (1959). The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books.
  42. ^ Logan, Terence P.; Smith, Denzell S., eds. (1975). The Popular School: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780803208445.
  43. ^ Sluiter, Engel (1949). "The Fortification of Acapulco, 1615–1616". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 29 (1): 69–80. doi:10.2307/2508294. JSTOR 2508294. Today the fort houses the Acapulco Historical Museum.
  44. ^ His notebooks, not fully published until the 20th century, reveal a coherent mechanical philosophy of nature with incipient atomism, a force of inertia, and mathematical interpretations of natural philosophy are present. van Berkel, K. (1983). Isaac Beeckman (1588–1637) en de mechanisering van het wereldbeeld. Amsterdam.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  45. ^ Searles, Colbert (1925). "Allusions to the Contemporary Theater of 1616 by Francois Rosset". Modern Language Notes. 40 (8): 481–483. doi:10.2307/2914581. JSTOR 2914581.
  46. ^ Charles Wells Moulton (1959). The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. P. Smith. p. 586. ISBN 978-0-8446-7157-4.
  47. ^ Sunil Kumar Sarker (1998). Shakespeare's Sonnets. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 10. ISBN 978-81-7156-725-6.
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