Events from the 1440s in England.
Incumbents
editEvents
edit- 1440
- 7 July – Hundred Years' War: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury recaptures Harfleur from the French.[1]
- 12 September – King Henry VI founds Eton College.[2]
- 1441
- 2 April – King Henry VI founds King's College, Cambridge.[3]
- 19 September – Hundred Years' War: French capture Pontoise and Île-de-France.[3]
- 1442
- 19 January – Eleanor Cobham, wife of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, convicted of treason and witchcraft.[3]
- 11 June – Hundred Years' War: France invades Gascony.[3]
- 1443
- 23 April – perpetual truce signed with Burgundy.[3]
- 13 May – John Stafford enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- August – Hundred Years' War: 8,000 strong expeditionary force under John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset lands at Cherbourg.[3]
- 1444
- 22 May – the Treaty of Tours, signed between England and France, secures a truce in the Hundred Years' War for 5 years[3] and includes an arrangement for Henry VI to marry Margaret of Anjou.
- A serious fire occurs at Old St Paul's Cathedral in London.[4]
- 1445
- 23 April – Henry VI marries Margaret of Anjou[1] at Titchfield Abbey.
- 14 July – Hundred Years' War: negotiations for a peace treaty begin in London.[3]
- 1446
- 26 June – Hundred Years' War: Henry re-asserts his claim over Brittany.[3]
- 25 July – Henry lays the foundation stone of King's College Chapel, Cambridge.[3]
- 1447
- 18 February – Duke of Gloucester arrested for treason. He dies five days later.[3]
- 9 December – Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York appointed as the King's representative in Ireland.[3]
- 1448
- 11 March – Hundred Years' War: England cedes Maine to France.[3]
- 16 March – Hundred Years' War: peace negotiations break down over the issue of English control over Brittany.[3]
- 15 April – Queen Margaret of Anjou founds Queens' College, Cambridge.[3]
- May – Earliest known reference to Morris dance in England.
- 23 October – Scottish victory over the English at the Battle of Sark.
- 1449
- 24 March – Hundred Years' War: English capture Fougères in Brittany.[3]
- May – An English privateering fleet led by Robert Wennington challenges ships of the Hanseatic League.[5]
- July – Hundred Years' War: French invade Normandy.[3]
- 29 October – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to the French.[3]
- Earliest known grant of a patent in England, by Henry VI to John of Utynam for the introduction of coloured glass manufacture.[6][7]
Births
edit- 1440
- approximate Henry Deane, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1503)
- 1442
- 28 April – King Edward IV of England (died 1483)
- 27 September – John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (died 1491)
- Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers (died 1483)
- 1443
- 17 May – Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (died 1460)
- 31 May – Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII of England (died 1509)
- John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, Lancastrian leader (died 1513)
- Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (died 1449)
- 1444
- 1446
- Edmund de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros, politician (died 1508)
- William Grocyn, scholar (died 1519)
- 1449
- 21 October – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV and Richard III (died 1478)
Deaths
edit- 1440
- 30 September – Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn, soldier and politician (born c. 1362)
- 13 November – Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland (born c. 1379)
- 1441
- 27 October – Margery Jourdemayne, "the witch of Eye", burned at the stake
- 1443
- 12 April – Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, having served since 1414, the longest ever in this office (born c. 1364)
- 1444
- 27 May – John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, military leader (born 1404)
- 1445
- 5 June – Leonel Power, composer (year of birth unknown, between 1370–1385)
- 11 June – Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (born 1424)
- 1447
- 23 February – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (born 1390)
- 11 April – Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor (born 1377)
- John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (born 1395)
- 1449
- Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (born 1443)
References
edit- ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 177–178. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 123–125. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 287. ISBN 0-333-57688-8.
- ^ Sobecki, Sebastian I. (2008). The Sea and Medieval English Literature. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer. p. 155. ISBN 9781846155918.
- ^ "United Kingdom Patent Applications". LexisNexis. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Gomme, Allan (1927). "Early British Patent Grants". Nature. 119 (2996): 494. doi:10.1038/119494b0.