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White Dragon Horse

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The four heroes of Journey to the West, Tang Sanzang on the second from the left, riding on the White Dragon Horse. Painted decotation in the Long Corridor at the Summer Palace in Beijing, China

The White Dragon Horse, known as Bai Long Ma (Chinese: 白龍馬; pinyin: Bái Lóng Mǎ; Wade–Giles: Pai² Lung²-ma¹; lit. 'White Dragon Horse'), and Yü Long (Chinese: 玉龍; pinyin: Yù Lóng; Wade–Giles: Yü⁴ Lung²; lit. 'Jade Dragon'), in Chinese, is one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West.[1] He is Tang Sanzang's steed who later became one of the Babu Tianlong Guangli Bodhisattva (Chinese: 八部天龍廣力菩薩; pinyin: Bābù Tiānláng Guǎnglì Púsà; Wade–Giles: Pa¹-pu⁴ T'ien¹-lung² Kuang³-li⁴ P'u²-sa⁴; lit. 'Celestial Dragon Extensive-strength Bodhisattva of the Eight Legions') at the end of novel.[2][3]

Journey to the West

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In Journey to the West, the Bai Longma is a dragon prince who is the third son of the Dragon King of the West Sea. He once accidentally set a fire that destroyed a pearl that was a gift from the Jade Emperor. He was about to be executed for committing this offense when Guanyin appeared and pleaded for his life. The dragon prince was spared from death and banished to Yingchou Stream (鷹愁澗) in Shepan Mountain (蛇盤山), on the instruction to wait there for a monk Guanyin is to send on a pilgrimage to the Buddha.[4][5] When Tang Sanzang is crossing the stream, the prince appears in the form of a gigantic white dragon and swallows Tang's white horse in one gulp. The dragon fights with Sun Wukong but is no match and retreats underwater. Sun Wukong hears from an Earth Deity that the dragon was placed there by Guanyin so he goes to find the bodhisattva and learns of the dragon's origin. The dragon prince had been waiting there for Tang Sanzang but did not recognize the latter and ate his horse as a result. The dragon transforms into the White Dragon Horse and serves as Tang Sanzang's steed for the rest of the latter's journey.[6]

When Tang Sanzang was captured by the Yellow Robe Demon, the White Dragon Horse transforms himself into a young man and attempts to save Tang Sanzang, but fails. He escapes to inform Zhu Bajie, who in turn brings back Sun Wukong to save Tang Sanzang.

At the end of the novel, the White Dragon Horse is ordained as the Great Strength Bodhisattva of the Eight Heavenly Sections (八部天龙广力菩萨) and Dragon Horse of the Eight Heavenly Sections (八部天龍馬). He turns into a white dragon and wraps his body around one of the pillars in the Great Leiyin Temple.[7]

Worship

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The golden statues at the Rua Yai City Pillar Shrine

Bai Longma is worshipped as a deity in Chinese folk religion. Located in Rua Yai, Mueang Suphan Buri District, Suphan Buri, Thailand, the City Pillar Shrine (ศาลเจ้าพ่อหลักเมืองสุพรรณบุรี) enshrines the golden statue of Bai Longma, along with Tang Sanzang, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Wujing.

Adaptations of Journey to the West

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  • In episode 5 of the 1986 television series, the White Dragon Horse was getting married when his fiancée, the Wansheng Princess, was cheating on him. He got so angry that he burned the pearl given to him as a gift by the Jade Emperor and was banished to Yingchou Stream as punishment. Sometime after being punished, the White Dragon Horse ate Tang Sanzang's horse when the horse ran off. When Sun Wukong saw that the horse was missing, he fought the dragon prince demanding his master's horse back. After fighting with the prince, Wukong went to the Dragon King's palace to discuss the dragon he had fought. When Guanyin appeared, Sun Wukong told her about the dragon that ate his master's horse. Guanyin called the prince out and instructed him to be Tang Sanzang's steed for the rest of the journey.
  • When in episode 18 of 1986 television series, the White Dragon Horse realized that he was poisoned, he immediately returned to his human form and went to Emerald Waves Lake to assist Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie to retrieve the stolen Sariputra. While doing so, he was confronted by Wansheng Princess when she offered him the stolen Sariputra and reconciliation of their relationship. He then accepts and asked her for the Sariputra. When she revealed it to him, he immediately snatched it from her and left Emerald Waves Lake with Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie who then returned the Satriputra.
  • In the anime and manga Saiyuki, the character of Jeep is loosely based on the White Dragon Horse. He is a small shapeshifting dragon that transforms into the Sanzo party's mode of transportation on their journey: a Jeep (hence the name). He is Hakkai's pet and can breathe fire. In his past life, instead of being a son of the Dragon King of the West (Sea), he was the Dragon King himself, named Goujun. He was also a commanding officer of Heaven's army and Kenren Taisho's immediate superior.
  • In Monkey Magic, the White Dragon Horse is a female instead and she goes by the name Runlay.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "蔡詩萍／花甲美魔男之「爸話西遊」之十一". Yahoo! News (in Chinese). 2 December 2019.
  2. ^ 西遊記: Journey to the West (in Chinese). Google Publishing. 2014.
  3. ^ Fair, Collinson; Wu Cheng-en (2005). The Journey to the West. Vol. 2. Silk Pagoda. ISBN 978-1-59654-251-8.
  4. ^ Amos, Yukari Takimoto; Amos, Daniel Miles (2018). Children's Literature from Asia in Today's Classrooms: Towards Culturally Authentic Interpretations. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4758-4369-9.
  5. ^ Zhang, Yuyan; Feng, Weijiang (2018). Peaceful Development Path in China. Springer. ISBN 978-981-13-1439-1.
  6. ^ Wu Cheng'en (14 May 2013). Journey to the West - Chinese (in Chinese). Lulu.com. ISBN 9781300402657.
  7. ^ 历史的记录 (22 December 2017). "小白龙被封为八部天龙广力菩萨, 这是多大的官? 负责什么工作". Sina (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 December 2019.


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