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Rosmarinus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rosmarinus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Tribe: Mentheae
Genus: Salvia
Clade: Rosmarinus
L.[1]

Rosmarinus (/ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs/ ROSS-mə-RY-nəs[2]) is a small taxonomic clade of woody, perennial herbs with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin.

In 2017 the species in the genus Rosmarinus were moved into the large genus Salvia based on taxonomic evidence.[3] Thus Rosmarinus is no longer a genus, but still a monophyletic clade of species within Salvia.

Description

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Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary), widespread in the Mediterranean region, and Salvia jordanii (formerly Rosmarinus eriocalyx), native to northwest Africa and southern Spain have long been widely recognized. Salvia granatensis (formerly Rosmarinus tomentosus) was first recognized as a separate species in 1941. Rosmarinus palaui was first described as a species in 2002, although recognition of this species remains controversial. Recent research has indicated that while S. granatensis forms a monophyletic group, this group is nested within a paraphyletic S. jordanii.[4]

Salvia jordanii differs from the well-known herb rosemary in its smaller leaves, only 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long and less than 2 mm (0.079 in) broad, and densely hairy flower stems. It also tends to be lower-growing, often under 25 cm (9.8 in) tall and prostrate, and never exceeding 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall (S. rosmarinus can reach 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in), exceptionally 2 m (6 ft 7 in), tall).

Rosemary can be propagated from seed or cuttings in summer,[5] and can be spread by carelessly discarding garden waste.[6]

Species

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Species and nothospecies accepted by the Kew World Checklist[7]
Image Scientific name Common name Distribution
Salvia jordanii Jord. & Fourr. Algerian rosemary Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Libya
Salvia rosmarinus L. Rosemary Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Cyprus, Turkey; naturalized in Bulgaria, Crimea, Madeira islands, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Bermuda, Texas, central Mexico
Rosmarinus palaui (O.Bolòs & Molin.) Rivas Mart. & M.J.Costa
Salvia granatensis Hub.-Mor. & Maire cliff rosemary southern Spain

Natural hybrids

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Image Scientific name Parents Distribution
Salvia × lavandulacea de Noé (S. jordanii × S. rosmarinus) Andalusian rosemary Spain, Morocco, Algeria
Salvia × mendizabalii Sagredo ex Rosua (S. rosmarinus × S. granatensis) Granadan rosemary Granada region of Spain

References

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  1. ^ "Genus: Rosmarinus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-09-10. Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. pp. 606–607.
  3. ^ Drew, Bryan T. (2017). "Salvia united: The greatest good for the greatest number". Taxon. 66: 133–145. doi:10.12705/661.7. S2CID 90993808.
  4. ^ Rossello, J.A.; et al. (2006). "Intragenomic diversity and phylogenetic systematics of wild rosemaries (Rosmarinus officinalis L. s.l., Lamiaceae) assessed by nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (ITS)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 262 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:2006PSyEv.262....1R. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0454-5. S2CID 25645455.
  5. ^ Botanica : the illustrated A-Z of over 10,000 garden plants for New Zealand gardens and how to cultivate them. Bryant, Geoff, Burnie, Geoffrey. North Shore City, N.Z.: David Bateman. 1997. p. 801. ISBN 1-86953-376-3. OCLC 154295480.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  6. ^ "Salvia rosmarinus | New Zealand Plant Conservation Network". nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  7. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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