Sydney steam tram motor

NSWGT Steam Motor Trams (Sydney)
Baldwin Tram Motor No. 7 at Balmain, New South Wales
Manufacturer	Baldwin Locomotive Works Randwick Tramway Workshops Henry Vale T. Wearne
Designer	Baldwin Locomotive Works
Constructed	1879-1923
Number built	123
Specifications
Train length	17 feet 2 inches (5.23 m)
Width	8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m)
Maximum speed	20 km/h
Weight	14 t 2 cwt
Track gauge	4 feet 8+1⁄2 inches (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The Sydney Steam Motor Trams were built for and operated by the New South Wales Government Tramways of Australia.

Steam trams were introduced when four steam tram motors imported to Sydney as a temporary transport for the International Exhibition of 1879. It was built at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, United States and hauled double decker trailers conveying passengers from the Redfern railway terminus to near the Botanic Gardens. ^[1]

A Beyer, Peacock & Company steam tram of 1885 was sent to Australia in 1886 as a trial unit by the New South Wales Government Tramways (NSWGT) for comparison against the Baldwin steam tram. The Baldwin design prevailed and this engine returned to England in 1889 to become Beyer Peacock works shunter No. 2. The engine is rumoured to have fallen into the sea on its return voyage,^[2] but it survived and is still in working order and known as 'John Bull'.^[3] Some sources show it as numbered '47' in Sydney, but number 47 had already been allocated around 1883.

The steam tram motor is essentially a small enclosed saddle tank locomotive steam motor with four driving wheels in an 0-4-0 arrangement. A wooden cab encloses the entire locomotive, which features five windows along each side. Access to the cab is through doors from either the front or back platform. The tram is powered by an orthodox locomotive type boiler, American bar type framing, conventional "D" type slide valves and spring suspension. Coke and later coal was carried in a bunker on the rear platform and water in the semi-circular saddle tank.

Typical specifications for an 11" Baldwin steam tram motor:

• Cylinders: 11" diameter x 16" stroke
• Tractive Effort: 120 psi steam, 5,500 lb at 10 mph
• Weight: 14 tons 2 cwt
• Length: 17 feet 2 inches
• Width: 8 feet 6 inches

The Redfern to Botanic Gardens tramway was planned to operate for the duration of the exhibition. Proving so popular an extension to Randwick was opened in 1880. The peak of steam working was reached in 1894, when the tramway's length reached 40 mi (64 km) when there were over 100 steam trams in service. In 1905-6 steam tram routes were replaced by electric trams, with the former gradually relegated to outer suburbs.

Government tram lines in Sydney that weren't converted to electric operation were the Kogarah to San Souci line, the Arncliffe to Bexley line, the Sutherland to Cronulla line, and the line from Parramatta to Castle Hill. There was also a privately-operated line from Parramatta Park to Redbank Wharf, which only operated using steam tram motors, until it closed in 1943.^[4]

Steam trams also operated on regional New South Wales tramways at Newcastle,^[5] Maitland,^[6] and Broken Hill.^[7] Steam tram motors, with railway contour wheels, were used on the East Maitland–Morpeth railway line, between 1895 and 1915.

The Steam Tram Motors in service were:

(*) Numbers 42 and 43 were two Kitson steam motors,^[8] ordered in 1881,^[9] that were unreliable in service.^[10]

(**) Number 55 was an experimental steam motor, made by Merryweather & Sons, that arrived in 1881.^[11][12]

(***) Numbers 70 to 75 were six 'Baldwin-Downe' steam motors, delivered 1883-1884, that were first bogies of combined motor-passenger cars known as 'Jumbos'.^[5][13][14]

The last NSWGT steam motor was withdrawn from service in 1937 and replaced by a trolley bus service. Preserved trams are:

• Steam Tram Motor No. 1A, owned by Powerhouse Museum^[15] The number '1A' was applied by the Powerhouse Museum. It is actually Steam Motor 28a of Henry Vale & Co. Makers number 52.^[16]
• Steam Tram Motor No. 103a, at Valley Heights Steam Tramway^[17] Built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1891. Makers number 11676.
• Steam Tram Motor No. 100, at Museum of Transport and Technology, Auckland. Built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1891. Makers number 11885.

The Beyer Peacock steam motor, known as "John Bull", survives at the National Tramway Museum.^[2]

• 
  Early Sydney tram
• 
  Sydney tram with two trailer, c. 1885
• 
  'John Bull'
• 
  Steam tram motor hauling coal wagons across Bulli Jetty c. 1900
• 
  No. 1A Top View
• 
  Tram Motor No. 1A
• 
  Tram Motor No. 1A
• 
  No. 1A Side View
• 
  Tram Motor 103A
• 
  Tram Motor 103A
• 
  103A Driving Wheel
• 
  103A Backplate

• McCarth & Chinn, "New South Wales Tramcar Handbook 1861-1961", 1974 SPER
• Burke, David, "Juggernaut: A story of Sydney in the wild Days of the Steam Trams", Kangaroo Press, Roseville, N.S.W.,1997.
• McCarthy, Ken, 'The Era of the Steam Tramway' in "Trolley Wire ", April 1973, Vol. 14 No.2.

• McCarthy, Ken, 'The Era of the Steam Tramway' in "Trolley Wire ", April 1973, Vol. 14 No.2.

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