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Maria Kapnist

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Rostyslavivna and the family name is Kapnist.

Maria Kapnist
Born
Marietta Rostyslavivna Kapnist-Sirko

(1913-03-22)March 22, 1913
St.Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died25 October 1993(1993-10-25) (aged 80)
Kyiv, Ukraine
Occupationactress
Years active1956-1993

Maria Rostyslavivna Kapnist (Ukrainian: Марі́я Ростисла́вівна Капні́ст), née Marietta Rostyslavivna Kapnist-Sirko (9 (22) March 1913, St. Petersburg – 25 October 1993, Kyiv) was a Ukrainian actress, and an Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1988).[1] During her nearly forty-year acting career, from 1956 to 1993, she played more than a hundred roles.[2]

Early life and education

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Marietta Kapnist-Sirko was born on 22 March 1913 in St. Petersburg[3] in Ukrainian family. Her father, Count Rostyslav Kapnist, was a direct descendant of Myrhorod and Kyiv colonel of the Zaporizhian Army Vasyli Kapnist, and her mother, Anastasia Baydak – a great-great-granddaughter of Zaporizhian Otaman Ivan Sirko.[4]

Kapnist received her first vocal lessons from an Opera singer Feodor Chaliapin who was the first to draw attention at her talent during her first stage performance in a home play.[5]

The Kapnists lived in St. Petersburg until 1917 when they had to flee to Sudak, Crimea to escape from the revolutionary storms.[6] In 1921, Kapnist’s father, Rostyslav, was shot by a punitive detachment of the Cheka.[7] Soon, the Kapnists’ house in Sudak was destroyed, and the surviving family members had to go into hiding.[8]

In 1927, Kapnist moved to Kyiv to live with her aunt and graduated from a labor school there.[9] Then Kapnist moved to Leningrad where she joined the theater studio of Yuri Yuriev at Leningrad Drama Theater named after Alexander Pushkin, and she graduated in 1934.[3]

In 1934, when Sergei Kirov was killed, the Kapnists who were friends with Kirov were considered unreliable again.[4] Because of her noble origin, Kapnist was expelled from the Theater Institute and was prohibited to live in Leningrad. Therefore, she was forced to return to Kyiv and later to Batumi to work as an accountant.[10]

Repressions

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Kapnist' family coat of arms

In 1937, Kapnist was arrested for the first time but soon was released.[11] She was arrested again on 27 August 1941.[12] Kapnist was accused of spreading anti-Soviet propaganda.[10] She was sentenced to 8 years in labor camps according to Article 58-10 part 1 (“Propaganda and agitation calling for overthrow of Soviet government”).[13] In August 1949, Kapnist was freed from Steplag and sent to Kazachin village in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.[14]

In 1950, she gave birth to a daughter Radislava in the prison hospital Steplag in Kazakhstan, where she lived in exile and worked in coal mines.[14] The father of her child was Jan Volkonski, a Polish engineer who was shot three years after Radislava was born.[15]

In 1951, Kapnist was arrested again and sentenced to 10 years in prison on charges of anti-Soviet agitation.[14] Her 2-year-old daughter was taken from her and placed in the Esaulovsky orphanage in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.[16] Kapnist’s friend went to Moscow and managed to get an appointment with a Soviet political figure Anastas Mikoyan to whom she complained about Kapnist’s illegal imprisonment.[13] Through Mikoyan’s intervention, Kapnist was released in February 1956 before the end of her 10-year term (supposed to end in 1963).[14]

Rehabilitation and career in the cinema

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After Kapnist was released she went to Moscow and then to Kyiv in the same year.[9] She moved there to live with her friend from the 1930s, Anna Pilnyak and worked as a masseuse.[13] The same year Kapnist began acting in films, debuting in the 1956 film One Night directed by Maksym Ruf and Oleksandr Muzil. She got an appointment with the writer and academician Mykola Bazhan and with his assistance the Union of Soviet Writers of Ukraine hired Kapnist as a caretaker of one of the writers’ wife.[11] Kapnist was rehabilitated in 1958.[10]

Kapnist was not allowed to take her daughter Radislava as she was issued a certificate stating she has a nervous system disorder. Her daughter was adopted by a friend Valentyna Bazavluk.[13]

By the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic the sentence and all subsequent decisions in the Kapnist case were overturned and the case against her was terminated for lack of corpus delicti.[17]

From 1960 until 1993, Kapnist worked as a full-time actress at the Dozhenko Film Studios.[10] During this time, she has played more than a hundred roles and episodes, including Ruslan and Lyudmila, The Lost Letter, The Old Fortress, Bronze Bird, Gypsies Are Found Near Heaven, The Wild Hunt of King Stakh, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, Hearts of three, and many others.[2][18] Kapnist became famous for her roles as old women, witches, sorceresses, gypsies and countesses.[19]

In 1988, Kapnist was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.[1]

The documentary Maria Kapnist. Three Worlds (1989) by Ukrainian director Viktor Vasylenko is dedicated to Kapnist.[1]

Death

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Stamp of Ukraine dedicated to Maria Kapnist

During the years spent in the labor camps where Kapnist had to work in the underground mines, she developed a claustrophobia and couldn’t use underground passages.[20] In October 1993, she was involved in a car accident when crossing Peremohy Avenue in Kyiv near Oleksandr Dovzhenko Film Studio.[21] Maria Kapnists died of complications after the car accident on 25 October 1993 in Oleksandr Hospital in Kyiv.[5] She was buried in the village of Velyka Obukhivka, Myrhorod, Poltava district.[15]

Commemoration

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In 2009, Ukrainian director Serhiy Dariychuk dedicated his documentary “Proud Tear” (2009) to Maria Kapnist.[22]

In 2014 Ukrainian state postal service Ukrposhta issued the postage stamp #1370 “Maria Kapnist. 1914-1993. 100 years since birth".[23] The same year a memorial plaque dedicated to Kapnist was placed on building number 13 on Vasyl Lypkivskyi 25/7 in Kyiv.[24]

In 2018, Kyiv City Council renamed Zhelyabov Street to Maria Kapnist Street.[25]

Filmography (selected)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Скалій, Раїса (26 February 2007). "Мозаїка спогадів про Марію Капніст". Кіно-Театр. 5: 25–28.
  2. ^ a b Самолевская, Ольга (23 December 2014). "Главная роль Марии Капнист". Day. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b Кудрицький, Анатолій; Лабінський, Микола (1997). Мистецтво України (біографічний довідник) (in Ukrainian). Українська енциклопедія ім. М. П. Бажана. p. 286.
  4. ^ a b "Актерский талант заметил Шаляпин, а Берия сослал в лагеря". КП в Украине | КП в Україні | KP in Ukraine (in Russian). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Мария Капнист: "Не смейтесь над старостью человека, чьей молодости вы не видели"…". Леди Лайк (in Russian). 25 April 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  6. ^ Игорь, Азаров. "Мария Капнист – графиня из ГУЛАГа - Литературная газета". www.lgz.ru. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  7. ^ Леонтович, Олена (2–15 April 2003). "Та що несла людям жайворонків" (PDF). Слово Просвіти. 15 (183): 9.
  8. ^ "Мария Капнист – Графиня из ГУЛага". Бессмертный барак (in Russian). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b Ельникова, Л. (1995). Капнист М. Р. В огне непоколебимы. Кино: политика и люди (30-е годы) : К 100-летию мирового кино (in Russian). Материк. pp. 175–179.
  10. ^ a b c d "Капніст Марія Ростиславівна — Енциклопедія Сучасної України". esu.com.ua. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Посетив францию после 20 лет сталинских лагерей, графиня капнист жаловалась: "за границей жить не могу! Так и не привыкла выключать за собой свет! "". crime.fakty.ua (in Ukrainian). 21 March 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  12. ^ Леонтович, Олена (2009). "Моя тітонька Міра..." Кіно-театр. 3 (83): 15–17.
  13. ^ a b c d "Рада, дочь знаменитой актрисы графини марии капнист: "когда мама отказалась делать аборт, ее начали пытать: опускали в ледяную ванну и избивали ногами"". culture.fakty.ua (in Ukrainian). 21 March 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  14. ^ a b c d ""В огні не спалима..." Інформаційно-бібліографічний список". calameo.com. 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  15. ^ a b Костенко, Татьяна (22 March 2007). ""С любовью, твоя баба Яга"". КП в Украине (in Russian). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  16. ^ Осока, Сергій (13 December 2017). "Марія Капніст, графиня, відьма й великомучениця". Повага (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  17. ^ Капков, Сергей (2001). Эти разные, разные лица (in Russian). Richard Taylor, University of Bristol. Library. Richard Taylor Russian Film Collection. Moskva: Algoritm. p. 141. ISBN 5-9265-0041-9. OCLC 50446427.
  18. ^ "Мария Капнист". Кино-Театр.Ру. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Мемориальная доска актрисе Марии Капнист". vkieve.net (in Russian). 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  20. ^ Бойко, Юлия (1 October 2020). "Мария Капнист: звезда, угасшая в Киеве". my-kiev.com. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Великая актриса Мария Капнист в 40 лет выглядела на 70". Інтернет-видання «Полтавщина» (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  22. ^ "Марія Капніст". dzygamdb.com. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  23. ^ "Марка «Марія Капніст. 1914-1993. 100 років від дня народження»/2014". pm.ukrposhta.ua. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  24. ^ "У Києві відкриють меморіальну дошку акторці Марії Капніст | Інформаційна аґенція культурних індустрій ПРО". 9 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  25. ^ "Про перейменування вулиці у Шевченківському районі міста Києва". kmr.ligazakon.ua. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
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