List of Zhou dynasty states
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The following ancient Chinese states were parts of the geopolitical milieu during the Zhou dynasty of early China, during one or more of its main chronological subdivisions: the Western Zhou period, Spring and Autumn period, and Warring States period. Listed below are the names of various polities, the aristocratic houses and lineages of their ruling families, locations relative to modern Chinese geography, noble titles of the rulers, start and end years, and conquerors.
Zhou royal family
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | 西周 | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule over all under Heaven, directly controlling the capital of Fenghao, Zongzhou (present Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), Luoyi, Chengzhou (present Luoyang, Henan Province), and nearby areas. | King (Son of Heaven) | 1046–771 BCE | Shen, Quanrong |
| Eastern Zhou | 東周 | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule (loosely) over all under Heaven, in reality only controlling a small area around the capital city of Luoyi (present Luoyang) | King (Son of Heaven) | 770–256 BCE | Qin |
States during the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods (1046–403 BCE)
[edit]Main States
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 秦國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao(趙氏)[1] | South central Shaanxi Province and eastern Gansu Province; later expanded into Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province, and other areas. Unified in 221 BCE. |
|
Approximately 900–206 BCE | Western Chu Hegemon–King Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu of Han |
| Wey | 衛國 | Ji (姬姓) Wey (衛氏) | Qi County and Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (renamed 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin |
| Yue | 越國 | Si (姒姓) | Zhejiang Province. Became Minzhong Commandery after being conquered by Qin in 222 BCE. Granted kingship over Minyue and Dong'ou after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. | Zi (Self-styled Wang) | c. 20th century BCE–222 BCE | Qin, (Successor states of Minyue and Dong'ou conquered by the Han dynasty) |
| Yan | 燕國 | Ji (姬姓) Yan (燕氏) | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1046–222 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 楚國 | Mi (芈姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Hubei Province, southern Henan Province, and later parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, and Zhejiang Province | Zi, Wang (Self-Proclaimed 704 BCE) | Before 1046 BCE–223 BCE | Qin |
| Lu | 魯國 | Ji (姬姓) Lu (魯氏) | Qufu City, Shandong Province | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu |
| Song | 宋國 | Zi (子姓) Song (宋氏) | Shangqiu City, Tongxu County, Henan Proince | Gong, Wang (Self-Proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1040–286 BCE | Qi, Wei, Chu |
| Jin, originally known as Tang (唐國) | 晉國 | Ji (姬姓) Jin (晉氏) | Shanxi Province, northern Henan Province, eastern Shaanxi Province, western Hebei Province | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | Han, Zhao, Wei |
| Zheng | 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓) Zheng 鄭氏 | Hua County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Xinzheng City, Henan Province | Bo | 806–375 BCE | Han |
| Qi, historically known as Jiang Qi | 齊國 | Jiang (姜姓) Lü (吕氏) | Eastern Shandong Province; southern Hebei Province | Hou | 1046–386 BCE | Tian Qi |
| Cai | 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓) Cai (蔡氏) | Xincai County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu |
| Wu | 吳國 | Ji (姬姓) Gufa (姑发氏) | Jiangsu Province; eastern Anhui Province | Zi (Self-styled Wang) | 1096–473 BCE | Yue |
| Chen | 陳國 | Gui (媯姓) Chen (陳氏) | Huaiyang County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–478 BCE | Chu |
| Cao | 曹國 | Ji (姬姓) Cao (曹氏) | Southwestern Dingtao County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046–487 BCE | Song |
Vassal states within the capital region (畿内) or fiefs granted to the aristocratic families during the Zhou dynasty
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng | 酆國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Hou | 1046–1023 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Fan | 樊國 | Ji (姬姓) Fan (樊氏) | Southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Bo | Reign of King Xuan–635 BCE | Jin |
| Dan | 單國 | Ji (姬姓) Dan (單氏) | Mei County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved eastward with the Zhou royal family to Southeastern Mengjin County, Henan Province. | Zi | Reign of King Wen–Spring and Autumn Period | Zhou dynasty |
| Shao | 召國 (邵國) | Ji (姬姓) Shao (邵氏) | Southern Qishan County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Liang | 梁國 | Ying (嬴姓) Liang (梁氏) | Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Shanxi Province | Bo | 821–641 BCE | Qin |
| Mao | 毛國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (毛氏) | Qishan County; Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Yiyang County, Henan Province | Bo | 1046 BCE | Qin |
| Bi | 畢國 | Ji (姬姓) Bi (畢氏) | Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Xirong |
| Jing | 井國 | Jiang (姜姓) Jing (井氏) | Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | Wey | |
| Zhou | 周國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhou (周氏) | Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Wangshu | 王叔國 | Ji (姬姓) | Gong | Reign of King Xiang | ||
| Wen | 溫國 | Ji (己姓) Su (蘇氏) | Southwestern Wen County, Henan Province | Zi | 1046–650 BCE | Beidi |
| Liu | 劉國 | Ji (姬姓) Liu (劉氏) | Southwestern Fengshi Town, Yanshi City, Henan Province | Zi | 712–455 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Rong | 榮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rong (榮氏) | Gongyi City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Gan | 甘國 | Ji (姬姓) Gan (甘氏) | Yuanyang County, Henan Province | Gong | Reign of King Xiang | |
| Yin | 尹國 | Ji (姞姓) Yin (尹氏) | Southeastern Xin'an County; northwestern Yiyang County, Henan Province | Gong | 770–513 BCE | Jin |
| Gan | 甘國 | Ji (姬姓) Gan (甘氏) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | Reign of King Wu | |
| Yuan | 原國 | Ji (姬姓) Yuan (原氏) | Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Jin |
| Zhan | 詹國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhan (詹氏) | Hou | 827 BCE | Chu | |
| Gong | 鞏國 | Ji (姬姓) Gong (鞏氏) | Xikangdian Village, Xiaoyi Town, Gongyi City, Henan Province | 516 BCE | Jin | |
| Ying | 應國 | Ji (姬姓) Ying (應氏) | Pingdingshan City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Chu |
| Da Luo | 大駱國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao (趙氏) | Gong | Xirong |
States located in present Henan province
[edit]In Shaanxi province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng | 酆國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Hou | 1046–1023 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Fan | 樊國 | Ji (姬姓) Fan (樊氏) | Initially southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province; later moved to Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Zhong (仲) | ?–635 BCE | Jin |
| Zhou | 周國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhou (周氏) | Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | |
| Shao | 召國 | Ji (姬姓) Shao (召氏) | Southern Qishan County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | |
| Zhan | 詹國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhan (詹氏) | Unknown, possibly near Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 827 BCE–? | |
| Mao | 毛國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (毛氏) | Qishan County; Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Yiyang County, Henan Province | Bo | 1046–516 BCE | Qin |
| Bi | 畢國 | Ji (姬姓) Bi (畢氏) | Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–Early Spring and Autumn Period | Xirong |
| Jing | 井國 | Jiang (姜姓) Jing (井氏) | Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | ||
| Liang | 梁國 | Ying (嬴姓) Liang (梁氏) | Southern Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 8th century BCE–641 BCE | Qin |
| Northern Rui | 北芮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rui (芮氏) | Liangdai Village, Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–640 BCE | Qin |
| Southern Rui | 南芮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rui (芮氏) | Chaoyi Town, Dali County, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 806 BCE–? | Qin |
| Xiaoguo | 小虢國 | Ji (姬姓) Guo (虢/郭氏) | Eastern Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | Early Spring and Autumn Period–687 BCE | Qin |
| Chong | 崇國 | Chong (崇氏) | Eastern Huyi County, Shaanxi Province | |||
| Han | 韓國 | Ji (姬姓) Han (韓氏) | Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province
(or Gu'an County, Hebei Province) |
Hou | ?–757 BCE | Jin |
| Du | 杜國 | Qi (祁姓) Du (杜氏) | Southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | ||
| Hao | 郝國 | Feng (風姓) Hao (郝氏) | Hao Village, Zu'an Town, Hu County, Shaanxi Province (or Hao Township, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) | 11th century BCE–7th century BCE | Qin | |
| Mixu | 密須國 | Ji (姞姓) | Lingtai County, Gansu Province | c. 21st century–10th century BCE | Zhou dynasty | |
| Li | 驪戎 | Ji (姬姓)[2] | Nan | Jin |
In Shanxi province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Guo (Southern Guo) | 西虢國 (南虢國) | Ji (姬姓) | From Northeastern Pinglu County, Shanxi Province and Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, to Lingbao City, Henan Province; Western Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, to Southern Lushi County, Henan Province | Gong | 1046–655 BCE | Jin |
| Northern Guo (Eastern Guo) | 北虢國 (東虢國) | Ji (姬姓) | Pinglu County, Shanxi Province | Possibly Bo or Hou | Early Spring and Autumn Period–655 BCE | Jin |
| Xun | 荀國 (郇國) | Ji (姬姓) Xun (荀氏) | Northeastern Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province | Hou | 1046 BCE – 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Ji | 冀國 | Qi (祁姓) Ji (冀氏) | Hejin City, Shanxi Province | 1046 BCE–? | Jin | |
| Dong | 董國 | Ji (己姓) Dong (董氏) | Eastern Wenxi County, near Dong Town and Liyuan town, Shanxi Province | Hou | ca. 21st century BCE–ca. 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Jia | 賈國 | Ji (姬姓) Jia (賈氏) | Eastern Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province
(or Southwestern Rongcheng County, Hebei Province) |
Bo | 11th century BCE–678 BCE | Jin |
| Yang | 楊國 | Ji (姬姓) Yang (楊氏) | Southeastern Hongtong County, Shanxi Province | Hou | 786 BCE–ca. 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Geng | 耿國 | Ji (姬姓) Geng (耿氏) | Hejin City, Shanxi Province | ?–661 BCE | Jin | |
| Wei | 魏國 | Ji (姬姓) Wei (魏氏) | Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province | Hou | ?–661 BCE | Jin |
| Huo | 霍國 | Ji (姬姓)霍氏 | Southwestern Huozhou City, Shanxi Province | Hou | 1046–661 BCE | Jin |
| Yu | 虞國 | Ji (姬姓) Yu (虞氏) | Pinglu County, near Xia County, Shanxi Province | Gong | 1046–655 BCE | Jin |
| Shen | 沈國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Si | 姒國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Ru | 蓐國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Huang | 黃國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Peng | 倗國 | Jiang County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province | Bo | Jin | ||
| Ba | 霸國 | Kui (媿姓) Ba (霸氏) | Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province | Bo | Jin | |
| Li | 黎國 | Qi (祁姓) Li (黎氏) | Northeastern Licheng County, Shanxi Province | Hou | ? –604 BCE | Lushi |
| Dai | 代國 | Zi (子姓) | Northeastern Shanxi Province | Zhao |
In Shandong Province
[edit]| Name of State | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhu (Zhuqi, Qi) | 祝國 (祝其國、其國) | Ji (姬姓) Zhu (祝氏) | Northeastern Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province | 1046–768 BCE | Qi | |
| Nie | 聶國 | Jiang (姜姓) Nie (聶氏) | Chiping District, Shandong Province | |||
| Ji | 紀國 | Jiang (姜姓) Ji (紀氏) | Southern Shouguang City, Shandong Province | Hou | Shang Era–690 BCE | Qi |
| Yu | 鄅國 | Yun (妘姓) Yu (禹氏) | Lanling County, Linyi City, near Yinan County, Shandong Province | Zi | Lu | |
| Zhu (Zou, Zhulou) | 邾國 (鄒國、邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Zhu (朱氏) | Zoucheng City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–281 BCE | Chu |
| Ju | 莒國 | Ji or Ying (己/嬴姓) Ju (莒氏) | Jiaozhou City; Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–431 BCE | Chu |
| Xiang | 向國 | Jiang (姜姓) Xiang (向氏) | Southwestern Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–721 BCE | Ju |
| Ji | 極國 (遽國) | Ji (姬姓) Ji (遽氏) | Southern Jinxiang County, Shandong Province | ?–721 BCE | Lu | |
| Shi | 邿國 (詩國、寺國) | Ren (妊姓) | Southeastern Jining City, Shandong Province | ?–560 BCE | Lu | |
| Teng | 滕國 | Ji (姬姓) Teng (滕氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou, or Zi | 1046 BCE–297 BCE | Song |
| Xue | 薛國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou, Bo | Xia Era–298 BCE | Qi, Wei |
| Ni (Xiao Zhu / Xiao Zhulou) | 郳國 (小邾國、小邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Ni or Yan (倪/颜氏) | Eastern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Zi | c. 20th century BCE (653 BCE as Xiao Zhu)–325 BCE | Chu |
| Lan | 濫國 | Cao (曹姓) | Yangzhuang Town, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | 643 BCE–510 BCE | Lu | |
| Tan | 郯國 | Ji (己姓) | Southwestern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–414 BCE | Chu (or Yue) |
| Zhuan | 鄟國 | Northeastern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | ?–585 BCE | Lu | ||
| Cheng | 郕國 (成國、宬國) | Ji (姬姓) Cheng (成氏) | Northern Wenshang County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–408 BCE | Qi, Lu (or Chu) |
| Su | 宿國 | Feng (風姓) Su (宿氏) | Southwestern Dongping County, Shandong Province | Nan | 1046 BCE–684 BCE | Song |
| Tan | 譚國 | Si (姒姓) Tan (譚氏) | Jinan City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–684 BCE | Qi |
| Sui | 遂國 | Gui (媯姓) | Northwestern Ningyang County, Shandong Province | Xia Era–681 BCE | Qi | |
| Xuju | 須句國 | Feng (風姓) | Western Dongping County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–639 BCE | Zhu |
| Zeng | 鄫國（繒國） | Si (姒姓) Zeng (曾氏) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Zi | Xia Era–567 BCE | Ju |
| Zhang | 鄣國 | Jiang (姜姓) Zhang (章氏) | Pingyin County, Shandong Province | ?–664 BCE | Qi | |
| Chunyu (Zhou) | 淳于國 (州國) | Jiang (姜姓) Chunyu (淳于氏) | Northeastern Anqiu City, Shandong Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | Qi (杞國) |
| Gao | 郜國 | Ji (姬姓) Gao (郜氏) | Southeastern Chengwu County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–Early Spring and Autumn Period | Song |
| Mao | 茅國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (茅氏) | Jinxiang County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Zhu |
| Ren | 任國 | Feng (風姓) Ren (任氏) | Jining City, Shandong Province | Qi | ||
| Pi | 邳國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Southern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province; Northeastern Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province | Bo, Hou | Xia Era–? | Chu |
| Mou | 牟國 | Mou (牟氏) | Laiwu City, Shandong Province | Zi | Lu | |
| Genmou | 根牟國 | Jiang (姜姓) | Lingquan Town, Junan County, Shandong Province | 1046–600 BCE | Lu | |
| Yu Yuqiu (Yu Qiu) | 於餘邱國 (餘邱國) | Linshu County, Shandong Province | ||||
| Biyang (Fuyang) | 偪陽國 (傅陽國) | Yun (妘姓) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–563 BCE | Jin, Lu, Qi, Song, Wey, Cao |
| Guo | 郭國 | Ren (任姓) Guo (郭氏) | Northeastern Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province | Bo (Demoted to Zi under the Shang Dynasty) | ?–670 BCE | Qi |
| Zhuanyu | 顓臾國 | Feng (風姓) | Pingyi County, Shandong Province | [citation needed] | Qin | |
| Zhu | 鑄國 | Qi (祁姓) | Feicheng City, bordering Ningyang County, Shandong Province | Qi | ||
| Yang | 陽國 | Ji (姬姓) Yang (陽氏) | Yishui County, Shandong Province | Hou | ?–660 BCE | Qi |
| Fei | 費國 | Ji (季姓) Fei (費氏) | Cao County, Shandong Province | Chu | ||
| Zhu | 諸國 | Si or Peng (姒/彭姓) Zhu (諸氏) | Zhucheng City; Anqiu City, Shandong Province | |||
| Jie (Yi) | 介國 (夷國) | Yun (妘姓) | Qingdao City, Shandong Province | Huang | ||
| Kan | 闞國 | Kan (闞氏) | Northern Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province | |||
| Guo | 過國 | Ren (任姓) Han (寒氏) | Laizhou City, Yantai City, Shandong Province | Xia Era–? | ||
| Lai (Laiyi) | 萊國 (萊夷國) | Southeastern Longkou City, Shandong Province | Hou, Gong | ?–567 BCE | Qi | |
| Rong | 戎國 | Cao County, Shandong Province | Qi | |||
| Mie | 蔑國 | Sishui County, Shandong Province | Lu |
In Hubei Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruo | 鄀國 | Neixiang County, Henan Province; Later moved to Southeastern Yicheng City, Hubei Province | Zi | Chu | ||
| Zhen | 軫國 | Yan (偃姓) | Western Yingcheng City, Hubei Province | Chu | ||
| E | 鄂國 | Ji (姞姓) E (鄂氏) | Anju Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province | Hou | Shang Era–? | Chu |
| Sui | 隨國 | Ji (姬姓) | Suizhou City, Hubei Province | Hou | Chu | |
| Zeng | 曾國 (鄫國) | Zeng (曾氏) | Zaoyang City, Hubei Province | Hou | ||
| Kui | 夔國 (隗國，歸國) | Mi (羋姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Zigui County, Hubei Province | Zi (Self-styled Wang) | ?–634 BCE | Chu |
| Luo | 羅國 | Mi (羋姓) Luo (羅氏) | Yicheng City, Hubei Province | Zi | Shang Era–690 BCE | Chu |
| Deng | 鄧國 | Man (曼姓) Deng (鄧氏) | Northern Xiangyang City, Hubei Province (or Dengzhou City, Henan Province) | Hou | Shang Era–678 BCE | Chu |
| Quan | 權國 | Zi or Mi (子/羋姓) Quan (權氏) | Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province | Gong | 12th century BCE–7th century BCE | Chu |
| Yun | 鄖國 | Ying, Yun, or Ji (嬴/妘/姬姓) | Anlu City, Hubei Province | Zi | Chu | |
| Jiao | 絞國 | Yan (偃姓) | Northwestern Yunyang District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province | Chu | ||
| Lai (Li) | 賴國 (厲國) | Jiang (姜姓) Lai (賴氏) | Northeastern Suizhou City, Hubei Province (alternatively Luyi County, or Shangcheng County, Henan Province) | ?–581 BCE | Chu | |
| You | 鄾國 | Man (曼姓) | Zhangwan Subdistrict, Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province | Zi | Chu | |
| Lin | 廩國 | Chu | ||||
| Gu | 穀國 | Ying (嬴姓) Gu (谷氏) | Northwestern Gucheng County, Hubei Province | Bo | ?–ca. 20th century BCE | Chu |
| Er | 貳國 | Guangshui City, Hubei Province | Chu | |||
| Zhou (Xizhou) | 州國 (西州國) | Yan (偃姓) | Jianli City, Hubei Province | Gong | Chu | |
| Yong | 庸國 (鄘國) | Shangyong Town, Zhushan County, Hubei Province | ?–611 BCE | Chu, Qin, Ba | ||
| Qun | 麇國 | Yunyang County, Hubei Province | Zi | ?–611 BCE | Chu | |
| Tang | 唐國 | Qi (祁姓) Tang (唐氏) | Sui County; Zaoyang City, Hubei Province | Hou | ?–505 BCE | Chu |
| Dan | 聃國 | Ji (姬姓) | Jingmen City, Hubei Province (Alternatively Fuyang City, Anhui Province) | 1040 BCE–LateWestern Zhou | Chu | |
| Lu
(Lurong) |
盧國 (盧戎國) | Gui (媯姓) Lu (盧氏) | Xiangyang City, Hubei Province | Zi | ? –690 BCE | Chu |
| Yin | 陰國 | Laohekou City, Hubei Province | ?–532 BCE | Chu | ||
| Western Huang | 西黃國 | East of the Han River; Southeast of Yicheng City, Hubei Province (or Sichuan Province) | ?–ca. 7th century BCE | Chu |
In Chongqing
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu | 魷國 (魚國) | Er | Yufu (now Baidicheng) | Bo | ?–612 BCE | Chu |
| Ba | 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Chongqing and part of eastern Sichuan Province | Zi | 1046–316 BCE | Qin |
In Sichuan Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shu | 蜀國 | Du (杜姓) Kaiming (开明氏) | Sichuan Province | Non–Zhou kingdom coinciding with this period. Monarchs bearing the title of emperor. | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
In Anhui Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shen | 沈國 | Ji (姬姓) Shen (沈氏) | Pingyu County, Henan Province; Gucheng Village, Sheqiao Town, Linquan County, Anhui Province | Zi | 1040–506 BCE | Cai |
| Liu (Lu) | 六國 (錄國) | Yan (偃姓) | Northern Lu'an City, Anhui Province | Bo | 1046–622 BCE | Chu |
| Ying | 英國 | Yan (偃姓) Ying (英氏) | Lu'an City, Anhui Province | 1046–646 BCE | Chu | |
| Tong | 桐國 | Yan (偃姓) | Tongcheng City, Anhui Province | Chu | ||
| Yang | 養國 | Ying (嬴姓) | Yangqiao Town, Linquan County, Anhui Province | Bo | ? –528 BCE | Chu |
| Xiao | 蕭國 | Zi (子姓) Xiao (蕭氏) | Northwestern Xiao County, Anhui Province | Hou | ?–579 BCE | Chu |
| Shu | 舒國 | Yan (偃姓) Shu (舒氏) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | Zi | 1046–657 BCE | Xu |
| Shuyong | 舒庸國 | Yan (偃姓) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | 1046–574 BCE | Chu | |
| Shujiu | 舒鳩國 | Yan (偃姓) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | 1046–548 BCE | Chu | |
| Shuliao (Liao) | 舒蓼國 (蓼國) | Yan (偃姓) | Gushi County, Henan Province; Huoqiu County, Anhui Province | 1046–601 BCE | Chu | |
| Shulong | 舒龍國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Shugong | 舒龔國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Shubao | 舒鮑國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Zong | 宗國 | Yan (偃姓) Zong (宗氏) | Shucheng County, Lujiang County, Anhui Province | Chu | ||
| Chao | 巢國 | Yan (偃姓) Chao (巢氏) | Chaohu City, Anhui Province | Bo | ? –518 BCE | Wu |
| Wan | 皖國 | Yan or Xia (偃/夏姓) | Qianshan City, Anhui Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Chu |
| Lu | 廬國 | Hefei City, Anhui Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–? | Chu | |
| Zhongli | 鍾離國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhongli (鍾離氏) | Fengyang County, Anhui Province | Zi | Chu | |
| Zhoulai | 州來國 | Fengtai County, Anhui Province | Chu | |||
| Nanhu | 南胡國 | Gui (媯姓) Hu (胡氏) | Fuyang City, Anhui Province | Zi | ? –496 BCE | Chu |
| Yuezhang | 越章國 | Mi (羋姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Yi'an District, Tongling City, Anhui Province | Zi | 880 BCE–? |
In Jiangsu Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han | 邗國 | Southeastern Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province | 1046 BCE–? | |||
| Zhongwu | 鍾吾國 | Suqian City, Jiangsu Province | Zi | ?–518 BCE | Wu | |
| Peng | 彭國 | Peng (彭氏) | Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province | |||
| Xu | 徐國 | Ying (嬴姓) Xu (徐氏) | Tancheng County, Shandong Province; Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province | Hou, Zi (Self-styled Wang) | ?–512 BCE | Wu |
| Yan | 奄國 | Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province | Early Spring and Autumn Period–? | Wu |
In Hebei Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fei | 肥國 | Gaocheng District, Hebei Province | ?–530 BCE | Jin | ||
| Gu | 鼓國 | Ji (姬姓) | Western Jinzhou City, Hebei Province | ?–521 BCE | Jin | |
| 邢國 | Ji (姬姓) | Xingtai City, Hebei Province | Hou | 1040–635 BCE | Wey, Jin | |
| Dai | 代國 | Zi (子姓) | Northwest Hebei Province | Zhao |
In Liaoning Province
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guzhu | 孤竹國 | Zi (子姓) Motai (墨胎氏) | Southwestern Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province | Hou | Start of the Shang Dynasty–664 BCE | Yan, Qi |
In Korean Peninsula
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ji (Gija Joseon) | 箕國 (箕氏朝鮮) | Zi (子姓) | Northern Korean Peninsula | Hou | Start of the Zhou Dynasty–Start of the Han Dynasty | Wiman Joseon |
Tribes or states outside the vassalage of the Zhou Dynasty
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xianyu | 鮮虞國 | Ji (姬姓) | ?–506 BCE (Restored as Zhongshan) | Jin | ||
| Yiqu | 義渠國 | Yiqu (義渠) | Shang Era–272 BCE | Qin | ||
| Yanjing Rong | 燕京戎 | Jingle County, Qi County, Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province | Zhou dynasty | |||
| Mianzhu | 綿諸國 | Qin | ||||
| Shanrong | 山戎 | Qi | ||||
| Luhun Rong | 陸渾戎 | ? –525 BCE | Jin | |||
| Yiluo Rong | 伊洛戎 | Han, Wei | ||||
| Quanrong[3] | 犬戎 | Qin | ||||
| Xirong | 西戎 | Qin | ||||
| Rongman (Manshi) | 戎蠻（蠻氏、曼氏） | Southeastern Ruyang County, Southwestern Ruzhou County, Henan Province | Zi | ?–491 BCE | Chu | |
| Baidi | 白狄 | Ji (姬姓) | Jin | |||
| Chidi | 赤狄 | Jin | ||||
| Changdi | 長狄 | Qi (漆姓) | Jin | |||
| Chou You | 仇由 | ?–5th century BCE | Jin | |||
| Jiashi | 甲氏 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Duo Chen | 鐸辰 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Liuxu | 留吁 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Qiang Gao Ru | 嗇咎如 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–588 BCE | Jin | ||
| Lushi (Dongshan Gaoluo clan) | 潞氏（東山皋落氏） | Kui (媿姓) | Northeastern Lucheng District, Shanxi Province | Zi | 604 BCE–594 BCE | Jin |
| Maorong | 茅戎 | Jin | ||||
| Souman | 鄋瞞 | ?–594 BCE | Jin | |||
| Wuzhong | 無終國 | Qi | ||||
| Lingzhi | 令支國 | Yan |
States during the Warring States period (403 BCE – 221 BCE)
[edit]Main States
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 秦國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao(趙氏)[1] | Central and southern Shaanxi Province, eastern Gansu Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province. Unified China in 221 BCE. |
|
770–206 BCE | Western Chu |
| Yan | 燕國 | Ji (姬姓) Yan (燕氏) | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-Proclaimed, 323 BCE) | 1046–221 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 楚國 | Mi (芈姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Hubei Province, northern Hunan Province, western Anhui Province, western Jiangxi Province, southern Henan Province; later expanded to Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province | Zi, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 704 BCE) | Before 1046 BCE–223 BCE | Qin |
| Zhao | 趙國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao (趙氏)[1][4] | Western Hebei Province, northern Shanxi Province, and southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 296 BCE) | 403–222 BCE | Qin |
| Wei | 魏國 | Ji (姬姓) Wei (魏氏) | Southern Shanxi Province, northern Henan Province, eastern Shaanxi Province, and parts of Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 344 BCE) | 403–225 BCE | Qin |
| Han | 韓國 | Ji (姬姓) Han (韓氏) | Henan Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 324 BCE) | 403–230 BCE | Qin |
| Qi, historically known as Tian Qi | 齊國 | Gui (媯姓) Tian (田氏) | Eastern Shandong Province; southern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 334 BCE) | 386–221 BCE | Qin |
Other States
[edit]| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Zhou | 東周國 | Ji (姬姓) | Southwestern Gongyi City, Henan Province | Jun (君) | 367–249 BCE | Qin |
| Western Zhou | 西周國 | Ji (姬姓) | Luoyang City, Henan Province | Jun (君) | 440–2566 BCE | Qin |
| Qi, historically known as Jiang Qi | 齊國 | Jiang (姜姓) Lü (吕氏) | Eastern Shandong Province, Southern Hebei Province | Hou | 1046–379 BCE | Tian Clan |
| Lu | 魯國 | Ji (姬姓) Lu (魯氏) | Qufu City, Shandong Province | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu |
| Cai | 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓) Cai (蔡氏) | Xincai County; Shangcai County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu |
| Wey | 衞國 | Ji (姬姓)Wey (衞氏) | Qi County; Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (After 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin |
| Song | 宋國 | Zi (子姓) Song (宋氏), Zi (子姓) Dai (戴氏) | Shangqiu City; Tongxu County, Henan Province | Gong, Wang (Self-proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1040–286 BCE | Qi, Wei, Chu |
| Jin | 晉國 | Ji (姬姓) Jin (晉氏) | Shanxi Province, Northern Henan Province, Eastern Shaanxi Province, Eastern Hebei Province | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | Han, Zhao, Wei (Partition of Jin) |
| Yue | 越國 | Si (姒姓) | Zhejiang Province, formerly reached southern Shandong Province and northern Fujian Province | Zi, Wang (Self-styled) | 2032–222 BCE | Qin |
| Zheng | 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓) Zheng 鄭氏 | Xinzheng City, Henan Province | Bo | 806–375 BCE | Han |
| Qi | 杞國 | Si (姒姓) Qi (杞氏) | Qi County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province | Bo | 1046–445 BCE | Chu |
| Zhu (Zou) | 邾國（鄒國） | Cao (曹姓) Zhu (朱氏) | Zoucheng City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–281 BCE | Chu |
| Xue | 薛國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Hou | Xia Era–298 BCE | Qi, Wei |
| Ni
(Xiao Zhu / Xiao Zhulou) |
郳國 (小邾國, 小邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Ni or Yan (倪/颜氏) | Eastern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Zi | c. 8th century BCE (653 BCE as Xiao Zhu)–325 BCE | Chu |
| Teng | 滕國 | Ji (姬姓) Teng (滕氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou or Zi | 1046–297 BCE | Song |
| Ju | 莒國 | Ji or Ying (己/嬴姓) Ju (莒氏) | Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–431 BCE | Chu |
| Ren | 任國 | Feng (風姓) Ren (任氏) | Jining City, Shandong Province | Lu | ||
| Tan | 郯國 | Ji (己姓) | Southwestern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–414 BCE | Chu (or Yue) |
| Fei | 費國 | Ji (季姓) Fei (費氏) | Fei County, Shandong Province | Lu | ||
| Pi | 邳國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province | Xia Era–? | Chu | |
| Zhongshan | 中山國 | Ji (姬姓) | Eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains, Central Hebei Province | Wang (Self-Proclaimed, 323 BCE) | ?–296 BCE | Wei, Zhao |
| Shu | 蜀國 | Du (杜姓) Kaiming (开明氏) | Central Sichuan Province | Non-Zhou kingdom coinciding with this period. Later monarchs bore the title of Di, emperor, (帝). | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
| Ba | 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Chongqing City and parts of eastern Sichuan Province | Zi | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
| Ju | 苴國 | Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province | Hou (Title granted by Shu) | 368 BCE–316 BCE | Qin | |
| Anling | 安陵國 | Ji (姬姓) | Northwestern Yanling County, Henan Province | Jun (君) | Qin | |
| Fulou | 縛婁國 | Huizhou City, Guangdong Province | Qin? | |||
| Yangyu | 陽禺國 | Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province | Qin? |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c 《史記·秦本纪》：「蜚廉生惡來。... 蜚廉復有子曰季勝。...繆王以趙城封造父，造父族由此為趙氏。自蜚廉生季勝已下五世至造父，別居趙。...惡來革者，蜚廉子也，蚤死。有子曰女防。女防生旁皋，旁皋生太幾，太幾生大駱，大駱生非子。以造父之寵，皆蒙趙城，姓趙氏。非子居犬丘，好馬及畜，善養息之。犬丘人言之周孝王，孝王召使主馬于汧渭之間，馬大蕃息。...於是孝王曰：「昔伯翳為舜主畜，畜多息，故有土，賜姓嬴。今其後世亦為朕息馬，朕其分土為附庸。」邑之秦，使復續嬴氏祀，號曰秦嬴。」
- ^ 《左傳·莊公二十八 BCE》：「晉伐驪戎，驪戎男女以驪姬。」
- ^ 《山海經·大荒北經》：「大荒之中，有山名曰融父山，順水入焉。有人名曰犬戎。黃帝生苗龍，苗龍生融吾，融吾生弄明，弄明生白犬，白犬有牝牡，是為犬戎，肉食。」
- ^ 皇甫谧《帝王世纪》：「先世造父之为穆王御，有功，封之于赵城，国为赵氏也。与简子同祖，嬴姓也。」