Haplogroup Q-M25
| Haplogroup Q-M25 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 24,300 [95% CI 22,100 <-> 26,700] years before present (YFull v6.02[1]) |
| Coalescence age | 16,400 [95% CI 14,900 <-> 18,000] years before present (YFull v6.02[1]) |
| Possible place of origin | Central Asia |
| Ancestor | Q-F1096(F1215) |
| Defining mutations | M25 |
Haplogroup Q-M25, also known as Q1a1b is a subclade or branch of human Y-DNA haplogroup Q-F1096 (Q1a1), which is, in turn, a subclade of Q-MEH2 (Q1a). In human genetics, each Y-DNA haplogroup constitutes a biological paternal lineages back to a shared common male ancestor.
Distribution
[edit]Q-M25 has descendants in modern populations across all of Eurasia. Only one detailed study on the Y-DNA on Turkmens from Turkmenistan has taken place.[2] Haplogroup Q is found in minority Turkmen tribes living in Afghanistan at percentages of about 32%,[3] and another study found that 42.6% of Iranian Turkmens have haplogroup Q-M25 (also known as Q1a1b).[4]
The Americas
[edit]Q-M25 has not been detected in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas.
Asia
[edit]Q-M25 has been detected in the Northeast of East Asia, in South Asia, and across Central Asia.[5][6][7] Though present at low frequencies, it may be one of the more widely distributed branches of Q-M242 in Asia.
| Population | Sampling Location | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkmen | Golestan, Iran | Grugni 2012[4] | 29/68 | ~42.6% | M25 & M143 |
| Turkmen | Jawzjan, Afghanistan | Di Cristofaro 2013[3] | 23/74 | ~31.1% | M25 & M346/ (cf)Q1a3(currently Q1a2)=2/74 (Q total=33.8%) |
| Mixed | Central Asia & Siberia | Underhill 2000[6] | 6/184 | ~3.26% | M25 & M143 |
| Kalmyk | Malyarchuk 2011[5] | 1/60 | ~1.70% | M25 | |
| Han | Shanxi | Zhong 2010[7] | 1/56 | ~1.79% | M25 |
| Uyghur | Xinjiang | Zhong 2010[7] | 1/71 | ~1.41% | M25 |
| Uyghur | Xinjiang | Zhong 2010[7] | 1/50 | ~2.00% | M25 |
| Uzbek | Jawzjan, Afghanistan | Di Cristofaro 2013[3] | 1/94 | ~1.06% | M25 |
| Mongol | Mongolia | Di Cristofaro 2013[3] | 1/160 | ~0.63% | M25 |
West Asia
[edit]The frequency of Q-M25 varies greatly across West Asia. An extreme peak is seen in the Turkmen of Golestan.[4] Across the whole of Iran it varies from over 9 percent of the population in the north to only 2 to 3 percent of the population in the south.[8] The frequency of Q-M25 drops to only about 1 percent of the population of Lebanon's Muslims, and it is absent from the non-Muslim population there.[9] However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends beyond a single localized recent founder.[10]
| Population | Sampling Location | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marsh Arabs | Al-Zahery 2011[10] | 1/143 | ~0.70% | M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=2.1% | |
| Iraqis | Al-Zahery 2011[10] | 0/154 | ~0.00% | M25/ (cf)Q1b-M378=1.9% | |
| Iranians | Iran (North) | Regueiro 2006[8] | 3/33 | ~9.09% | M25 |
| Iranians | Mazandaran | Di Cristofaro 2013[3] | 1/13 | ~7.69% | M25 |
| Iranians | Iran (South) | Regueiro 2006[8] | 3/117 | ~2.56% | M25 |
| Iranians | Esfahan | Di Cristofaro 2013[3] | 1/42 | ~2.38% | M25 |
| Azeris | Iran (Azeri) | Grugni 2012[4] | 1/63 | ~1.60% | M25 |
| Turkmens | Golestan | Grugni 2012[4] | 29/68 | ~42.6% | M25 |
| Lebanese (Non-Muslim) | Lebanon | Zalloua 2008[9] | 0/482 | ~0.00% | M25 |
| Lebanese (Muslim) | Lebanon | Zalloua 2008[9] | 4/432 | ~0.93% | M25 |
Europe
[edit]Q-M25 is present across modern Turkey[11] and in Eastern Europe.
| Population | Paper | N | Percentage | SNP Tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Anatolia | Cinnioglu 2004[11] | 1/82 | ~1.20% | M25 |
Associated SNP's
[edit]Haplogroup Q-M25 is defined by the presence of the M25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M143, L714, and L716 SNPs.
Phylogenetic Tree
[edit]This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M25.
- Q-M25 M25, M143, L714, L716
- Q-L712 L712
- Q-L713 L697.2, L713, L715, M365.3
- Q-L712 L712
See also
[edit]Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades
[edit]Y-DNA Backbone Tree
[edit]
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Footnotes
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References
[edit]- ^ a b YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.02 at 02 April 2018
- ^ Wells, R. Spencer (18 August 2001). "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98 (18): Page 2, Table 1. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810244W. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236.
- ^ a b c d e f J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
- ^ a b c d e Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Parolo, Silvia; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Gandini, Francesca; et al. (2012). Kivisild, Toomas (ed.). "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e41252. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...741252G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854. PMID 22815981.
- ^ a b Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
- ^ a b Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480. S2CID 12893406.
- ^ a b c d Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into 42.6East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
- ^ a b c Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration". Hum. Hered. 61 (3): 132–43. doi:10.1159/000093774. PMID 16770078. S2CID 7017701.
- ^ a b c Zalloua PA, Xue Y, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Debiane L, Platt DE, Royyuru AK, Herrera RJ, et al. (2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–882. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297.
- ^ a b c Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A; Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Augusta S; Semino, Ornella (2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: A survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 288. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..288A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMC 3215667. PMID 21970613.
- ^ a b Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Hum. Genet. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639. S2CID 10763736.