Kafbikh

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Persian. (December 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Persian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Persian Wikipedia article at [[:fa:کفبیخ]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fa|کفبیخ}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Kafbikh (Persian: کفبیخ) is a type of traditional Iranian sweet made in Khorasan, specially in the cities of Gonabad and Birjand. It is a foodstuff eaten traditionally at Yalda, the ancient Persian celebration of the winter solstice.

Kaf is a marshmallow-like sweetmeat prepared from the root of the plant Acanthophyllum squarrosum, a member of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. The root is cleaned and boiled for a minimum of three times, the water being discarded after each preliminary boiling, until the liquid extract has lost all trace of bitterness and acquired a sweet smell and taste.^[1]

During this ceremony, the mucilaginous root of the plant Chubak, or Bikh (Acanthophyllum), is soaked in water and after several boilings, is placed in a large earthenware pot called a Tegar. Preparation is a family affair, family members taking it in turn to whisk the root decoction for hours on end, using daste gez - bunches of the thin twigs of the pomegranate tree - until the whipped mixture sets. This whipping must be carried out in cool environment for the liquid to foam correctly and the foam produced to harden and dry. Like the nougat-like Persian sweetmeat called Gaz (made traditionally in Isfahan) the prepared Kaf is sweetened by the addition of fruit juice, sugar or honey, and then decorated. Before the Kaf is sweetened youths are allowed to entertain the assembled company by throwing pieces of it at each other in a mock battle resembling a snowball fight, in which they rub the frothy confection on their opponents’ hair and faces. Guests given kaf are presented also with walnuts and pistachios (and sometimes also milk) to eat with it..^[2][3]

Another custom performed in certain parts of Iran, particularly in Khorasan, on the night of Yalda (Chelleh) involves young engaged couples. The men send an edible arrangement combining seven kinds of fruits and a variety of gifts to their fiancées. In some areas, the girl and her family return the favor by sending gifts back to the young man.^[4][5]

• 
  Yalda cake
• 
  Traditional Yalda setting
• 
  Traditional Yalda sweet Kafbikh
• 
  Traditional Yalda sweet Kafbikh
• 
  Yalda Festival in Iran featuring Kafbikh
• 
  A logo designed for Yalda
• 
  Traditional fruits on Yalda

• Nowruz
• Yalda
• Gonabad
• Zibad
• Jesuite
• Konditorei
• Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry
• List of baked goods
• List of desserts
• List of food preparation utensils
• List of pastries
• Mold (cooking implement)
• Pan dulce (sweet bread)

• Ajam, Mohammad (December 2016). "دومین شب یلدا یا شوو چله به سبک گنابادی ها برگزار شد | پژوهشهای ایرانی.دریای پارس. (Parssea magazine what is Kaf? Gonabadis traditional festivals)". web.archive.org. Gonapa magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
• "آیین های یَلدا یا شب چِلّه و ارتباط آن با کریسمس | پژوهشهای ایرانی.دریای پارس. (KafBikh in khorasan for Yalda )". web.archive.org. 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
• ""کف زنی" آئین سنتی مردم خراسان جنوبی در شب چله (South Khorasan traditions Kaf)". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2011-12-21. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
• "جشن یلدا یا شب چله بر جشن های مسیحی تاثیر داشته | پژوهشهای ایرانی.دریای پارس. (KafBikh in khorasan for Yalda Firdausi university)". web.archive.org. 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2024-11-26.</ref>
• Castro DC, Berridge KC (2014). "Opioid hedonic hotspot in nucleus accumbens shell: mu, delta, and kappa maps for enhancement of sweetness "liking" and "wanting"". J. Neurosci. 34 (12): 4239–50. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4458-13.2014. PMC 3960467. PMID 24647944.
• Peciña S, Berridge KC (2005). "Hedonic hot spot in nucleus accumbens shell: where do mu-opioids cause increased hedonic impact of sweetness?". J. Neurosci. 25 (50): 11777–86. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2329-05.2005. PMC 6726018. PMID 16354936.