Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset

His Grace The Duke of Richmond and Somerset
Portrait miniature by Lucas Horenbout, between 1533 and 1534
Lord High Admiral of England
In office 1525–1536
Monarch	Henry VIII
Preceded by	The Duke of Norfolk
Succeeded by	The Earl of Southampton
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
In office 1529–1534
Preceded by	The Earl of Ossory
Succeeded by	William Skeffington
Personal details
Born	c. 15 June 1519 Blackmore, Essex
Died	23 July 1536(1536-07-23) (aged 17) St. James's Palace, London
Resting place	First at Thetford Priory, then at the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham
Spouse	Lady Mary Howard
Parent(s)	Henry VIII of England Elizabeth Blount

Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (c. 15 June 1519 – 23 July 1536) was the son of Henry VIII of England and his mistress Elizabeth Blount, and the only child born out of wedlock whom Henry acknowledged. He was the younger half-brother of Mary I, as well as the older half-brother of Elizabeth I and Edward VI. Through his mother, he was the elder half-brother of Elizabeth, George, and Robert Tailboys. His surname means "son of the king" in Norman French.^[1]

Henry FitzRoy was born in June 1519. His mother was Elizabeth Blount, Catherine of Aragon's lady-in-waiting, and his father was Henry VIII. FitzRoy was conceived when Queen Catherine was approaching her last confinement with another of Henry's children, a stillborn daughter born in November 1518. To avoid scandal, Blount was taken from Henry's court to the Augustinian priory of St Lawrence at Blackmore near Ingatestone, in Essex.^[2]

FitzRoy's birthdate is often given as 15 June 1519, but the exact date is not known.^[3][4] His birth may have been earlier than predicted. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was out of London from 9 to 18 June when he reappeared back at court in Windsor. The following day he was expected at Hampton Court, but he did not reappear at a council meeting at Westminster until 29 June. The policy of discretion worked, as the baby boy's arrival caused no great stir, and diplomatic dispatches record nothing of Henry VIII's illegitimate son.^[5]

The christening of the newborn Henry FitzRoy was not recorded even though Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was his godfather and known to have been present at the event. This puts the date of the christening possibly before 29 June when he reappeared at court.^[6] The identity of the other godfather is unknown. Although Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk took a great interest in Henry FitzRoy when he was older, in 1519 he was still the heir to the Dukedom of Norfolk, and styled the Earl of Surrey. If Henry had chosen the House of Howard, he would probably have chosen the elder Thomas Howard, who at the time was the 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Another suggestion for the second godfather could be Henry VIII himself, although it was not normal practice for a parent to stand as godparent to his own child:^{[citation needed]} Henry had taken the role of godfather at the christening of his own nephew, Lord Henry Brandon (who was also the son of Henry's closest friend) in March 1516, and his daughter Princess Mary stood godmother to her half-brother Prince Edward in 1537.^[7]

The infant boy was given the surname FitzRoy to make sure that all knew he was son of the King.^[8] Henry VIII openly acknowledged the boy, perhaps because he felt that his lack of a male heir was a slur upon his manhood.^[9] At one point he proudly exhibited his newborn son to the court.^[10]

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The boy's upbringing until the moment when he entered Bridewell Palace in June 1525 (six years following his birth) remains shrouded in confusion. Although the boy was illegitimate, this did not mean that young Henry lived remotely from and had no contact with his father. On the contrary, it has been suggested by his biographer, Beverly Murphy, that a letter from a royal nurse implies that FitzRoy had also been part of the royal nursery, and he was often at court after 1530.^[11]

In the 16th century, royal and noble households were in a state of constant movement and transition, so it is unlikely that FitzRoy grew up in any one house. He was probably transferred from household to household around London like his royal siblings: Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward. In 1519, the only surviving legitimate child of the King was the three-year-old Princess Mary. In that year her household was reorganised, suggesting that Henry made some provisions for his only son. Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury replaced Lady Margaret Bryan as Mistress of Mary's household. At the same time at least two of Mary's carers appear to have left her service.^{[original research?]}

It is not impossible that Princess Mary's household could have been reorganised some time before her former servants found posts with Henry FitzRoy.^[12]

In addition, the correspondence of the child's first known tutor makes it clear that FitzRoy also received some rudimentary education prior to his elevation to the peerage in 1525. John Palsgrave grumbled loudly that Henry had been taught to recite his prayers in a "barbarous" Latin accent and dismissed the man who had instructed him as "no clerk". Although he was more well known from 1525 and onwards, there is some evidence that he was already in receipt of royal favour even before his ennoblement; this comes from a surviving list of "Wardrobe stuff appointed for my lord Henry". The "Lord Henry" in question is not identified but given that the subject was not considered to require a title and that the list has survived with further documents relating to the household established for Henry FitzRoy after his ennoblement, it would seem reasonable to assume that it is Henry FitzRoy. The familiar way in which he is described as "My Lord Henry" is also interesting and suggests that, amongst the officers close to the King, at least, his existence was hardly a secret.^[13] Alternatively, he may have been raised in the north with his mother and her husband Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme, and their children.^{[citation needed]}

By 1525, the House of Tudor had been on the throne for 40 years. However, cracks were beginning to appear. By the sixteenth year of his reign, 34-year-old Henry still lacked a male heir with his 40-year-old wife Catherine of Aragon. Their only surviving child and heiress was Princess Mary, who at the time was a girl of nine. Henry, though, had another child, an illegitimate one, a sturdy six-year-old son. Although Henry may have had other illegitimate children, Henry FitzRoy was the only one the King acknowledged. Henry VIII was also the only surviving son of Henry VII. Henry had no surviving younger brother nor any close male relations from his father's family who could be called up to share the burden of government in the King's name.^[14] As Henry and Catherine's marriage remained without a son, the king's only living son became more attractive for onlookers to observe.^[15] The King's chief minister at the time was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, and since Henry FitzRoy's birth, he had taken an interest in his monarch's only son. In a letter dated June 1525, the Cardinal refers to the King's son: "Your entirely beloved sonne, the Lord Henry FitzRoy".

In 1525, FitzRoy was given his own residence in London, which he was granted by his father: Durham House on the Strand.^[16] Since his birth FitzRoy had remained in the background, although the boy had been brought up in remarkable style and comfort, almost as if he were a prince of the blood and not an acknowledged royal bastard. Such discretion over his son may not have been to the King's taste, and he may have felt his manhood and virility should be publicly demonstrated. He fully made up for his son's quiet birth and equally quiet christening when on 18 June 1525 the six-year-old boy was brought to Bridewell Palace on the western edge of the city of London where honours were showered upon him. That morning of the 18th, the six-year-old Lord Henry FitzRoy travelled by barge from Wolsey's mansion of Durham Place, near Charing Cross, down the River Thames. He came in the company of a host of knights, squires, and other gentlemen. At 9am his barge pulled up at the Watergate and his party made their way through the palace to the king's lodgings on the south side of the second floor. The rooms were richly decorated, with various members of the court and the nobility coming to see FitzRoy's elevation. Among them were numerous bishops, as well as Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and the King's brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. During the first ceremony, when he was created Earl of Nottingham, FitzRoy was attended by Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, who carried the sword of state, along with John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, and William FitzAlan, 18th Earl of Arundel. Six-year-old Henry knelt before his father as Sir Thomas More read out the patents of nobility. It was the first time since the 12th century that an illegitimate son had been raised to the peerage, when Henry II, King of England had created his son William Earl of Salisbury. However, the ceremony was not yet complete. The onlookers watched as the young Lord Nottingham re-emerged into the chamber. The Earl of Northumberland carried the robes; behind him came Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, carrying the sword; the Earl of Arundel, carrying the cap of estate with a circlet; and the Earl of Oxford with a rod of gold. Once again young Henry FitzRoy knelt before his father, and as the patent was read he was invested with the trappings of a duke. This time when he rose to his feet he was Duke of Richmond and Somerset.

To be a duke was a significant honour. It was the highest rank of the peerage, and the title, originally devised by Edward III, King of England for his son Edward, Prince of Wales as the Duke of Cornwall, retained its royal aura. The former Henry FitzRoy was subsequently referred to in all formal correspondence as the "right high and noble Prince Henry, Duke of Richmond and Somerset".^{[citation needed]} As if to compound this sense of royal dignity and endow the child with as much respectability as possible, Henry VIII had granted his son the unprecedented honour of a double dukedom. While he is mostly known as Richmond, some pains were taken to see that he bore both titles in equal weight. The bulk of Richmond's new lands came from Margaret Beaufort's estate. These were lands which were the rightful inheritance of King Henry VII when he was Earl of Richmond and the lands which had belonged to John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, the father of Margaret Beaufort. The use of the Duchy of Somerset must have struck a chord among the courtiers, as it was well known that the Beauforts' eldest child was John Somerset, a royal bastard who had been legitimised following his parents' adultery and then marriage. A part of the Beaufort connection to the Somerset duchy, the title of Duke of Richmond was important as the earldom of Richmond had been held by his grandfather King Henry VII and by his great-grandfather Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. The earldom of Nottingham had been held by Richmond's great uncle Prince Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, the second son of Edward IV. Seeing Henry's obvious pride and affection for his son, many of those who witnessed Richmond's elevation must have wondered if this was what the King had in mind.^[17] To support his new status, Henry granted his young son an annuity of £4,845.^[18] Following the ceremony, there were "great feasts and disguising". Henry wished to celebrate his six-year-old son with customary extravagance. It is unknown if Elizabeth Blount was present, but it is certain that the new duke's stepfather Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme was present and must have given her an eyewitness account.

It was a proud day for Henry, and for his former mistress Elizabeth; however, the ceremony did nothing to spare the Queen's feelings. She knew she had failed to give England a prince and was anxious about her own daughter's prospects. In a private letter, the Venetian ambassador wrote: "It seems that the Queen resents the earldom and dukedom conferred on the King’s natural son and remains dissatisfied. At the instigation it is said of her three Spanish ladies her chief counsellors, so that the King has dismissed them from court, a strong measure but the Queen was obliged to submit and have patience".^[19]

Also at Richmond's elevation was Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, his father's cousin through Catherine of York, the younger sister of Elizabeth of York. He was raised from being merely the Earl of Devon to be the Marquess of Exeter. Sir Thomas Manners, a great nephew of Edward IV through his sister Anne of York was made the earl of Rutland. Henry Clifford was made the new Earl of Cumberland and would cement his ties to the House of Tudor by marrying his son and heir, Lord Henry Clifford, to Richmond's cousin, lady Eleanor Brandon, the King's niece. Richmond's ceremony was by far the most spectacular but it was also a public relations display, since the last member of the Yorkist faction, Richard de la Pole, lost his life in February of that same year fighting for the French at the Battle of Pavia.^[20] The young Henry Brandon became the new Earl of Lincoln, a title which had once belonged to the de la Pole family.

Arrangements for Henry's care were initially entrusted to Thomas Wolsey and plans for his elevation were already in progress by April 1525. On 7 June that year, he was elected knight of the Garter and was installed on the 25th. On 18 June, he was made Earl of Nottingham and on the same day he received the honour of a double dukedom; those being Richmond and Somerset. As such, he was endowed with lands whose revenues amounted to £4845 in the first year.^[21] In that same year, Richmond, as he came to be known, was granted several other appointments, including Lord High Admiral of England, Lord President of the Council of the North, and Warden of the Marches towards Scotland and Governor of Carlisle, the effect of which was to place the government of the north of England in his hands.^[22] He held the offices in name only, the power was actually in the hands of a council dominated by Thomas Magnus, Archdeacon of the East Riding.

From then onwards, the Duke was raised like a prince, at Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. His father had a particular fondness for him and took great interest in his upbringing. Sir Thomas Tempest was comptroller of his household. In February 1527, Thomas Magnus told the young Duke that King James V of Scotland, FitzRoy's first cousin, had asked for hunting dogs. FitzRoy sent his cousin 20 hunting hounds and a huntsman.^[23]

On 22 June 1529, Richmond was made Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and there was a plan to crown him king of that country, though the King's counsellors feared that making a separate Kingdom of Ireland whose ruler was not that of England would create another threat similar to the Kingdom of Scotland. After Richmond's death, the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 established a personal union between the English and Irish crowns, providing that whoever was King of England was to be King of Ireland as well. King Henry VIII of England was proclaimed its first holder.^[24]

In October 1532, Henry VIII travelled to Calais for a meeting with Francis I of France and took Richmond with him. As part of the negotiations, Richmond joined the French court and lived with the Dauphin Francis and his younger brother, the future King Henry II of France, until August 1533, when he was recalled to England.^{[citation needed]}

When Henry VIII began the process of having his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled, it was suggested that Richmond marry his own half-sister Mary in order to strengthen Richmond's claim to the throne. Anxious to prevent the annulment and Henry's possible break with the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope was even prepared to grant a special dispensation for their marriage.^{[25][26][27][28]}

At age 14, on 28 November 1533 the Duke instead married Lady Mary Howard, the only daughter of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk.^[29] He was on excellent terms with his brother-in-law, the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. The marriage was never consummated.^[30]

At the time of Richmond's death, an Act was going through Parliament which disinherited Henry's daughter Elizabeth as his heir and permitted the King to designate his successor, whether legitimate or not. There is no evidence that Henry intended to proclaim Richmond his heir, but the Act would have permitted him to do so if he wished.^[31] The Imperial ambassador Eustace Chapuys wrote to Emperor Charles V on 8 July 1536 that Henry VIII had made a statute allowing him to nominate a successor, but thought the Duke of Richmond would not succeed to the throne by it, as he was consumptive and now diagnosed incurable.^[32]

FitzRoy's promising career came to an abrupt end in July 1536. According to the chronicler Charles Wriothesley, he became sickly some time before he died, although his biographer Beverley A. Murphy cites his documented public appearances and activities in April and May of that year, without exciting comment on his health.^[33] He was reported ill with "consumption" (usually identified as tuberculosis, but possibly another serious lung complaint) in early July, and died at St. James's Palace on 23 July 1536.

FitzRoy's father-in-law gave orders that the body be wrapped in lead and then taken in a closed cart for secret interment. However, his servants put the body in a straw-filled wagon. The only mourners were two attendants who followed at a distance. FitzRoy was first instance buried at Thetford Priory, the burial place and mausoleum of members of the Howard family.

In February 1540, when Thetford Priory was about to be closed, Howard petitioned the King not to close the Priory Church on the grounds that both his first wife Anne of York, FitzRoy's great-aunt, as well as FitzRoy himself were buried there. The request had no effect; at the same time however, the King ordered that the current dissolution of the monasteries be briefly suspended, so that everyone who wished had time to rebury the remains of their relations.^[34] Howard moved his son-in-law's grave to the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham.^[35][36][37]

FitzRoy's tomb has a mix of royal and religious iconography, with his personal coat of arms surrounded by the collar of the Order of the Garter and the Order's motto "Honi soit qui mal y pense", and the coats of arms of the Howard family (by his marriage to Mary Howard), and friezes showing scenes from the Biblical Old Testament (mainly from the Book of Genesis and part of the Book of Exodus). On the north side are the birth of Eve; God giving the Garden of Eden into the charge of Adam and Eve; the Temptation, and the Expulsion from Paradise. On the west are the nursing of Cain and Abel, and Adam digging to return to Eden; Cain and Abel making their sacrifices (offerings) to God, and Cain killing Abel. On the south side are Noah's Ark in the Flood; the drunkenness of Noah; the Prophet Abraham and the Angels, and Lot escaping from Sodom and Gomorrah. On the east are Abraham and his son Isaac as well as Moses and the Law tables, and the Israelites sacrificing to the Golden Calf.^[38]

One of the scenes carved on the tomb is the outline of a small door which was the private entrance of noblemen from the Castle.^[39]

His father outlived him by just over a decade, and was succeeded by his legitimate son, Edward VI, born shortly after FitzRoy's death. It is said that Henry FitzRoy might have been made king had Henry VIII died without a legitimate son:

Well was it for them^[a] that Henry Fitzroy his natural son [...] was dead, otherwise (some suspect) had he survived King Edward the Sixth, we might presently have heard of a King Henry the Ninth, so great was his father's affection and so unlimited his power to prefer him.

— Thomas Fuller^[40]

On her death in December 1557, his wife, Mary Howard, was buried along with FitzRoy.

v t e Family tree of the Dukes of: Beaufort, Dorset, Lancaster, and Somerset, Marquesses of: Dorset, Hertford, Somerset and Worcester, and Earls of: Dorset, Hertford, Lancaster, Leicester, Middlesex, Somerset, Worcester, and Yarmouth (3rd creation)

Earl of Dorset (possible 1st creation), 1070 Saint Osmund d. 1099 Bishop of Salisbury and possible Earl of Dorset Roger de Beaumont c. 1015–1094 Earl of Dorset (1st creation) discontinued, 1099 Earl of Leicester (1st creation), 1107 King Henry I c. 1068–1135 King Stephen 1092/1096–1154 Robert de Beaumont c. 1040/1050–1118 1st Earl of Leicester Henry de Beaumont d. 1119 1st Earl of Warwick Earl of Worcester (1st creation), 1138 Robert FitzRoy c. 1090–1147 1st Earl of Gloucester Matilda (d. bef. 1141) Waleran de Beaumont 1104–1166 Earl of Worcester Robert de Beaumont 1104–1168 2nd Earl of Leicester Hugh de Beaumont b. 1106 1st Earl of Bedford Earldom of Worcester (1st creation) extinct, 1166 William FitzRobert 1116–1183 2nd Earl of Gloucester Hawise de Beaumont Robert de Beaumont d. 1190 3rd Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont d. 1204 4th Earl of Leicester Amice Countess of Rochefort King John 1166–1216 Isabella 1173/1174–1217 Countess of Gloucester Simon de Montfort c. 1175–1218 5th Earl of Leicester King Henry III 1207–1272 Eleanor of England Simon de Montfort c. 1208–1265 6th Earl of Leicester Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) forfeited, 1265 Earl of Leicester (2nd creation), 1267 Earl of Lancaster, 1276 King Edward I 1239–1307 Edmund Crouchback 1245–1296 1st Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Lancaster Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) restored, 1324 Earldom of Lancaster restored, 1327 King Edward II 1284–1327 Thomas of Lancaster 1278–1322 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl of Lancaster Henry of Lancaster 1281–1345 3rd Earl of Leicester, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Earldom of Leicester (1st creation) forfeited, 1322 Earldom of Lancaster forfeited, 1322 Duke of Lancaster, 1351 King Edward III 1312–1377 Henry of Grosmont c. 1310–1361 Duke of Lancaster, 4th Earl of Lancaster, 4th Earl of Leicester Joan of Lancaster c. 1312–1349 John (II) de Mowbray 1310–1361 3rd Baron Mowbray Eleanor of Lancaster 1318–1372 Mary of Lancaster c. 1320–1362 Earl of Worcester (2nd creation), 1397 John of Gaunt 1340–1399 Duke of Lancaster, 5th Earl of Lancaster, (6th) Earl of Leicester jure uxoris Blanche of Lancaster 1342–1368 Maud of Lancaster 1340–1362 a.k.a. Matilda, Countess of Hainault William 1330–1389 Duke of Bavaria and Count of Holland, (5th) Earl of Leicester jure uxoris Richard Fitzalan 1346–1397 Earl of Arundel Thomas Percy 1343–1403 Earl of Worcester Earldom of Worcester (2nd creation) extinct, 1403 Roger La Warr 1326–1370 Eleanor Mowbray Earl of Somerset (1st creation), 1397 Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset (1st creation), 1397 Earl of Dorset (2nd creation), 1411 Henry Bolingbroke 1367–1413 Duke of Lancaster, (7th) Earl of Leicester King Henry IV John Beaufort c. 1373–1410 Marquess of Somerset, Marquess of Dorset, 1st Earl of Somerset Thomas Beaufort c. 1377–1426 Duke of Exeter, Earl of Dorset Joan Beaufort c. 1379–1440 Joan La Warr Thomas West 1365–1405 1st Baron West Joan de Beauchamp 1375–1435 Earldom of Leicester (2nd creation) and Dukedom of Lancaster merged into the Crown, 1399 Marquessate of Somerset and Marquessate of Dorset (1st creation) revoked, 1399 Earldom of Dorset (2nd creation) extinct, 1426 Duke of Lancaster, 1399 Earl of Worcester (3rd creation), 1421 Henry of Monmouth 1386–1422 Duke of Lancaster King Henry V Reginald West 1395–1450 6th Baron De La Warr and 3rd Baron West Richard Beauchamp (1394–c. 1422) Earl of Worcester Dukedom of Lancaster merged into the Crown, 1413 Earldom of Worcester (2nd creation) extinct, 1422 Duke of Somerset (1st creation), 1443 Earl of Dorset (3rd creation), 1442 Marquess of Dorset (2nd creation), 1443 Duke of Somerset (2nd creation), 1448 Henry Beaufort 1401–1418 2nd Earl of Somerset John Beaufort 1404–1444 1st Duke of Somerset, 3rd Earl of Somerset Edmund Beaufort 1406–1455 2nd Duke of Somerset, 1st Marquess of Dorset, 4th Earl of Somerset, Earl of Dorset Richard Neville 1400–1460 Earl of Salisbury Richard West 1430–1476 7th Baron De La Warr and 4th Baron West Edward Neville d. 1476 de facto 3rd (de jure 1st) Baron Bergavenny Elizabeth Beauchamp 1415–1448 Dukedom of Somerset (1st creation) extinct, 1444 Claimed titles here are disputed Earl of Worcester (4th creation), 1449 Margaret Beaufort 1443–1509 Elizabeth Woodville c. 1437–1492 Henry Beaufort 1436–1464 3rd Duke of Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, 5th Earl of Dorset Edmund Beaufort c. 1438–1471 4th Duke of Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 6th Earl of Dorset Cecily Neville c. 1425–1450 John Tiptoft 1427–1470 1st Earl of Worcester Dukedom of Somerset (2nd creation), Marquessate of Dorset (2nd creation), and Earldom of Dorset attained, 1461, but possibly restored (disputed), 1463 Dukedom of Somerset (2nd creation), Marquessate of Dorset (2nd creation), and Earldom of Dorset extinct, 1471 Earldom of Worcester (4th creation) attainted, 1470 Thomas West c. 1457–1525 8th Baron De La Warr and 5th Baron West Marquess of Dorset (3rd creation), 1475 Earl of Worcester (5th creation), 1514 Earl of Worcester (4th creation) restored, 1471 Margery Wentworth c. 1478–1550 King Henry VII 1457–1509 Elizabeth of York 1466–1503 Thomas Grey 1451–1501 1st Marquess of Dorset Charles Somerset c. 1460–1526 1st Earl of Worcester Elizabeth Somerset c. 1476–1507 3rd Baroness Herbert suo jure Edward Tiptoft c. 1469–1485 2nd Earl of Worcester Eleanor West b. 1481 Edward Guildford c. 1474–1534 Earldom of Worcester (4th creation) extinct, 1485 Viscount Beauchamp "of Hache" (1st creation), 1536 Earl of Hertford (2nd creation), 1537 Duke of Somerset (4th creation), 1547 Duke of Somerset (3rd creation), 1499 Edward Seymour c. 1500–1552 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford and Viscount Beauchamp Jane Seymour c. 1508–1537 King Henry VIII 1491–1547 Thomas Grey 1477–1530 2nd Marquess of Dorset Henry Somerset c. 1495–1548 2nd Earl of Worcester, 4th Baron Herbert John Dudley 1504–1553 Duke of Northumberland Jane Guildford c. 1508/1509–1555 Mary Tudor 1496–1533 Queen of France Duchess of Suffolk Prince Edmund 1499–1500 1st Duke of Somerset Dukedom of Somerset (4th creation), Earldom of Hertford (2nd creation), and Viscountcy Beauchamp (1st creation) forfeit, 1552 Dukedom of Somerset (3rd creation) extinct, 1500 Duke of Richmond and Somerset, 1525 King Edward VI 1537–1553 Henry Fitzroy 1519–1536 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset Henry Grey 1517–1554 Duke of Suffolk 3rd Marquess of Dorset Lady Frances Brandon 1517–1559 Duchess of Suffolk Dukedom of Richmond and Somerset extinct, 1536 Marquessate of Dorset (3rd creation) attainted and honours forfeit, 1554 Earl of Hertford (3rd creation) reverted, 1559 Earl of Leicester (3rd creation), 1564 Baron Buckhurst of Buckhurst in the County of Sussex (1st creation), 1567 Earl of Dorset (4th creation), 1604 Edward Seymour c. 1528–1593 Edward Seymour 1539–1621 1st Earl of Hertford Katherine Grey 1540–1568 William Somerset c. 1526–1589 3rd Earl of Worcester, 5th Baron Herbert John Dudley c. 1527–1554 Earl of Warwick Robert Dudley 1532–1588 1st Earl of Leicester Mary Dudley d. 1586 m. Henry Sidney Lord Guildford Dudley c. 1535–1554 Lady Jane Grey 1537–1554 Disputed Queen of England Thomas Sackville 1536–1608 1st Earl of Dorset, 1st Baron Buckhurst Earldom of Hertford (3rd creation) forfeit, 1552 Earldom of Leicester (3rd creation) extinct, 1588 Earl of Leicester (4th creation), 1618 Edward Seymour c. 1563–1613 1st Baronet Edward Seymour 1561–1612 Viscount Beauchamp Edward Somerset 1553–1628 4th Earl of Worcester, 6th Baron Herbert Philip Sidney 1554–1586 Mary Sidney 1561–1621 Robert Sidney 1563–1626 1st Earl of Leicester Robert Sackville 1561–1609 2nd Earl of Dorset, 2nd Baron Buckhurst Marquess of Hertford (1st creation), 1641 Duke of Somerset (4th creation restored), 1660 Baron Seymour of Trowbridge, 1641 Viscount Rochester, 1611 Earl of Somerset (3rd creation), 1613 Marquess of Worcester, 1642 Viscount Somerset of Cashel, 1626 Edward Seymour c. 1580–1659 2nd Baronet William Seymour 1588–1660 3rd Duke of Somerset, 1st Marquess of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Hertford Francis Seymour c. 1590–1664 1st Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Robert Carr c. 1587–1645 Earl of Somerset Henry Somerset 1577–1646 1st Marquess of Worcester, 5th Earl of Worcester, 7th Baron Herbert Thomas Somerset 1579–1651 Viscount Somerset Robert Sidney 1595–1677 2nd Earl of Leicester Richard Sackville 1589–1624 3rd Earl of Dorset, 3rd Baron Buckhurst Edward Sackville 1591–1652 4th Earl of Dorset, 4th Baron Buckhurst Earldom of Somerset (3rd creation) and Viscountcy Rochester extinct, 1645 Viscountcy Somerset extinct, 1651 Edward Seymour 1610–1688 3rd Baronet Henry Seymour c. 1626–1654 Lord Beauchamp Charles Seymour c. 1621–1665 2nd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Edward Somerset 1601–1667 2nd Marquess of Worcester, 6th Earl of Worcester, 8th Baron Herbert Philip Sidney 1619–1698 3rd Earl of Leicester Algernon Sidney 1623–1683 Lady Lucy Sidney 1630–1685 Henry Sidney 1641–1704 Earl of Romney Richard Sackville 1522–1677 5th Earl of Dorset, 5th Baron Buckhurst Duke of Beaufort, 1682 Baron Cranfield, of Cranfield in the County of Middlesex, 1674 Earl of Middlesex (2nd creation), 1675 Edward Seymour 1633–1708 4th Baronet William Seymour 1650–1671 3rd Duke of Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Hertford John Seymour c. 1646–1675 4th Duke of Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Hertford, 4th Earl of Hertford Francis Seymour 1658–1678 5th Duke of Somerset, 3rd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge Charles Seymour 1662–1748 6th Duke of Somerset Henry Somerset 1629–1700 1st Duke of Beaufort, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, 7th Earl of Worcester, 9th Baron Herbert Robert Sidney 1649–1702 4th Earl of Leicester Thomas Pelham 1653–1712 Charles Sackville 1522–1677 6th Earl of Dorset, 1st Earl of Middlesex, 6th Baron Buckhurst, 1st Baron Cranfield Marquessate of Hertford (1st creation) extinct, 1675 Baron Conway of Ragley in the County of Warwick, 1703 Baron Conway of Killultagh in the County of Antrim, 1712 Duke of Dorset, 1720 Edward Seymour 1663–1740 5th Baronet Francis Seymour-Conway 1679–1732 1st Baron Conway Edward Coke d. 1707 Algernon Seymour 1684–1750 7th Duke of Somerset, Earl of Northumberland Charles Somerset 1660–1698 styled Marquess of Worcester Philip Sidney 1676–1705 5th Earl of Leicester John Sidney 1680–1737 6th Earl of Leicester Jocelyn Sidney 1682–1743 7th Earl of Leicester Elizabeth Pelham 1681–1711 Lionel Sackville 1688–1765 1st Duke of Dorset, 7th Earl of Dorset, 2nd Earl of Middlesex, 7th Baron Buckhurst, 2nd Baron Cranfield Earldom of Leicester (4th creation) extinct, 1743 Baron Lovel, of Minster Lovel in the County of Oxford, 1728 Earl of Leicester (5th creation) and Viscount Coke of Holkham in the County of Norfolk, 1744 Edward Seymour 1695–1757 6th Baronet 8th Duke of Somerset Anne Coke Thomas Coke 1697–1759 Earl of Leicester, Viscount Coke Henry Somerset 1684–1714 2nd Duke of Beaufort, 4th Marquess of Worcester, 8th Earl of Worcester, 10th Baron Herbert Charles Townshend 1700–1764 3rd Viscount Townshend Earl of Hertford (4th creation) and Viscount Beauchamp (2nd creation), 1850 Marquess of Hertford (2nd creation) and Earl of Yarmouth (3rd creation), 1793 Earldom of Leicester (5th creation) extinct, 1759 Viscount Sackville and Baron Bolebrooke in the County of Sussex, 1782 Edward Seymour 1717–1792 9th Duke of Somerset Webb Seymour 1718–1793 10th Duke of Somerset Francis Seymour 1726–1799 Francis Seymour-Conway 1718–1794 1st Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 2nd Baron Conway Wenman (Roberts) Coke c. 1717–1776 Henry Somerset-Scudamore 1707–1745 3rd Duke of Beaufort, 5th Marquess of Worcester, 9th Earl of Worcester, 11th Baron Herbert Charles Noel Somerset 1709–1756 4th Duke of Beaufort, 6th Marquess of Worcester, 10th Earl of Worcester, 12th Baron Herbert George Townshend 1724–1807 1st Marquess Townshend Charles Sackville 1711–1769 2nd Duke of Dorset, 8th Earl of Dorset, 3rd Earl of Middlesex, 8th Baron Buckhurst, 3rd Baron Cranfield John Sackville 1713–1765 George Germain 1716–1785 1st Viscount Sackville, 1st Baron Bolebrooke Earl of Leicester (7th creation), 1837 Baron Botetourt abeyance terminated, 1803 Earl of Leicester (6th creation), 1784 Francis Compton Seymour d. 1822 Francis Ingram-Seymour-Conway 1743–1822 2nd Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Conway Hugh Seymour 1759–1801 Thomas William Coke 1754–1842 1st Earl of Leicester, 1st Viscount Coke Henry Somerset 1744–1803 5th Duke of Beaufort, 7th Marquess of Worcester, 11th Earl of Worcester, 13th Baron Herbert, 5th Baron Botetourt George Townshend 1753–1811 2nd Marquess Townshend, 1st Earl of Leicester John Frederick Sackville 1745–1799 3rd Duke of Dorset, 9th Earl of Dorset, 4th Earl of Middlesex, 9th Baron Buckhurst, 4th Baron Cranfield Baron Raglan, 1852 Edward Adolphus St Maur 1775–1855 11th Duke of Somerset Francis Charles Seymour-Conway 1777–1842 3rd Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 4th Baron Conway George Seymour 1787–1870 Henry Charles Somerset 1766–1835 6th Duke of Beaufort, 8th Marquess of Worcester, 12th Earl of Worcester, 14th Baron Herbert, 6th Baron Botetourt FitzRoy James Henry Somerset 1788–1855 1st Baron Raglan George Townshend 1778–1855 3rd Marquess Townshend, 2nd Earl of Leicester George John Frederick Sackville 1793–1815 4th Duke of Dorset, 10th Earl of Dorset, 5th Earl of Middlesex, 10th Baron Buckhurst, 5th Baron Cranfield John Frederick Sackville 1767–1843 5th Duke of Dorset, 11th Earl of Dorset, 6th Earl of Middlesex, 2nd Viscount Sackville, 11th Baron Buckhurst, 6th Baron Cranfield, 2nd Baron Bolebrooke Earldom of Leicester (6th creation) extinct, 1855 Dukedom of Dorset, Earldoms of Dorset (4th creation) and Middlesex (2nd creation), Viscountcy of Sackville, Baronies of Buckhurst (1st creation), Cranfield, and Bolebrooke extinct, 1843 Francis Edward Seymour 1788–1866 Richard Seymour-Conway 1800–1870 4th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 5th Baron Conway Francis George Hugh Seymour 1812–1884 5th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 6th Baron Conway Henry Somerset 1792–1853 7th Duke of Beaufort, 9th Marquess of Worcester, 13th Earl of Worcester, 15th Baron Herbert, 8th Baron Botetourt Earl St. Maur, 1863 Edward Adolphus St Maur 1804–1885 12th Duke of Somerset Archibald Henry Algernon St Maur 1810–1891 13th Duke of Somerset Algernon Percy Banks St Maur 1813–1894 14th Duke of Somerset Francis Payne Seymour 1815–1870 Thomas William Coke 1822–1909 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Viscount Coke Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset 1824–1899 8th Duke of Beaufort, 10th Marquess of Worcester, 14th Earl of Worcester, 16th Baron Herbert, 8th Baron Botetourt Richard Henry FitzRoy Somerset 1817–1884 2nd Baron Raglan Earldom St. Maur extinct, 1885 Edward Adolphus Ferdinand St. Maur 1835–1869 Algernon St Maur 1846–1923 15th Duke of Somerset Edward Hamilton Seymour 1860–1931 16th Duke of Somerset Hugh de Grey Seymour 1843–1912 6th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 7th Baron Conway Thomas William Coke 1848–1941 3rd Earl of Leicester, 3rd Viscount Coke Henry Adelbert Wellington FitzRoy Somerset 1847–1924 9th Duke of Beaufort, 11th Marquess of Worcester, 15th Earl of Worcester, 17th Baron Herbert, 9th Baron Botetourt Henry Richard Charles Somerset 1849–1932 George FitzRoy Henry Somerset 1857–1921 3rd Baron Raglan Evelyn Francis Edward Seymour 1882–1954 17th Duke of Somerset George Francis Alexander Seymour 1871–1940 7th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 8th Baron Conway Henry Charles Seymour 1878–1939 Thomas William Coke 1880–1949 4th Earl of Leicester, 4th Viscount Coke Arthur George Coke 1882–1915 Henry Charles Somers Augustus Somerset 1874–1945 FitzRoy Richard Somerset 1885–1964 4th Baron Raglan Percy Hamilton Seymour 1910–1984 18th Duke of Somerset Thomas William Edward Coke 1908–1976 5th Earl of Leicester, 5th Viscount Coke Anthony Louis Lovel Coke 1909–1994 6th Earl of Leicester, 6th Viscount Coke Henry Hugh Arthur FitzRoy Somerset 1900–1984 10th Duke of Beaufort, 12th Marquess of Worcester, 16th Earl of Worcester, 18th Baron Herbert, 10th Baron Botetourt Henry Robert Somers FitzRoy de Vere Somerset 1898–1965 Barony Botetourt abeyant, 1984 Hugh Edward Conway Seymour 1930–1997 8th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 9th Baron Conway Edward Douglas Coke 1936–2015 7th Earl of Leicester, 7th Viscount Coke David Robert Somerset 1928–2017 11th Duke of Beaufort, 13th Marquess of Worcester, 17th Earl of Worcester FitzRoy John Somerset 1927–2010 5th Baron Raglan Geoffrey Somerset b. 1932 6th Baron Raglan John Michael Edward Seymour b. 1952 19th Duke of Somerset Henry (Harry) Jocelyn Seymour b. 1958 9th Marquess of Hertford, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, and Viscount Beauchamp, 10th Baron Conway Thomas Edward Coke b. 1965 8th Earl of Leicester, 8th Viscount Coke Henry John FitzRoy Somerset b. 1952 12th Duke of Beaufort, 14th Marquess of Worcester, 18th Earl of Worcester Arthur Geoffrey Somerset 1960–2012 Sebastian Edward Seymour b. 1982 styled Lord Seymour William Francis Seymour b. 1993 styled Earl of Yarmouth Edward Horatio Coke b. 2003 styled Viscount Coke Henry Robert FitzRoy Somerset b. 1989 styled Marquess of Worcester Inigo Arthur Fitzroy Somerset b. 2004 Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Somerset Heir apparent to the Marquessage of Hertford Heir apparent to the Earldom of Leicester Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Beaufort Heir apparent to the Raglan Barony

• Everett Green, Mary Anne (1852). Lives of the Princesses of England. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longman and Robers. pp. 1–14.
• Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-810-87497-8.
• Weir, Alison (2011). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. ISBN 978-1-446-44911-0.

• About Henry Fitzroy

Political offices
Preceded by The Duke of Norfolk	Lord High Admiral 1525–1536	Succeeded by The Earl of Southampton
Preceded by The Earl of Ossory as Lord Deputy	Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1529–1534	Succeeded by Sir William Skeffington as Lord Deputy
Preceded by The Viscount Rochford	Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1536	Succeeded by Sir Thomas Cheney