Danavulapadu Jain temple

Danavulapadu Jain temple
Danavulapadu Jain temple
	Danavulapadu Jain temple
Religion
Affiliation	Jainism
Sect	Digambara
Deity	Parshvanatha
Festivals	Mahavir Jayanti
Location
Location	Danavulapadu village, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh
	Location within Andhra Pradesh
Geographic coordinates	14°47′29.3″N 78°26′16.6″E / 14.791472°N 78.437944°E
Architecture
Style	Rashtrakuta architecture
Date established	8th century

Danavulapadu Jain temple is an ancient Jain center located in Danavulapadu village, within the Jammalamadugu mandal of Kadapa district in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

History

Danavulapadu Jain temple, discovered in 1903,^[1]^[2] was once an important Jain center and received royal patronage from Rashtrakuta dynasty.^[3]^[4] According to inscriptions on Nishidhi stone, the site was popular among Jain acharyas to perform Sallekhana.^[5] A 13th century inscription found in neighbouring village mentions present of this temple.^[6]

A chaumukha (four-faced) idol was installed in 8th century during reign of Rashtrakuta dynasty.^{[note 1]}^[7]^[8] There is a one-line sanskrit inscription at the base of the statue with characters from the early Eastern Chalukyas period.^[9] In 968 CE, Khottiga, Rashtrakuta empire, installed a panavatta for the Mahamastakabhisheka of Shantinatha.^[10]^[11]

About temple

The temple plan features a mandapa, antarala, and garbhagriha. The adhishthana of the temple is decorated with fine carvings. There are carvings of Nāga, Nāginī, Hanuman and Ganesha on temple wall.^[6]

The temple enshrines a 10th-century 12 feet (3.7 m) idol of a five-hooded serpent Parshvanatha seated on a lotus shaped pedestal with carvings scroll ornaments and sculptures of elephants and crocodiles as vahanas. The hands and portion below the knee are broken.^[12]^[13] There is an image of yakshi in lotus position seated on a lion. The second shrine is heavily ornate structure ensuring an idol of Tirthankara.^[14] Several serpent deities idols have been placed besides the well near the temple complex.^[15]^[16] The temple also houses an idol of Padmavati.^[17]

Gallery

Parshvanatha idol
Image of Ganesha
Idols of serpent near the temple

Conservation

The temple complex is protected by Archaeological Survey of India.^[6] Various artefacts, inscriptions and sculptures discovered at the site are now placed inside Government Museum, Chennai.^[4]^[15]

Notes

^ Chaumukh idol faces all four cardinal directions.^[7]

References

Citation

^ Konow 1910, p. 147.
^ Ramamurty 1979, pp. 54–55.
^ Stephens 1904, p. 24.
^ ^a ^b Ramamurty 1979, p. 54.
^ Reddy 2022, p. 113.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Buried Jaina Temple and Remains at Danavulapadu". Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b Nandi 1973, p. 33.
^ Leeuw 1956.
^ Archaeological Survey of India 1903, p. 26.
^ Shah 1987, p. 156.
^ Nandi 1973, p. 35.
^ Kannan & Lakshminarayanan 2001, p. 63.
^ Pereira 1977, p. 7.
^ Ramamurty 1979, p. 55.
^ ^a ^b "Danavulapadu". Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^ "Archaeology". Government Museum, Chennai. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^ Singh 1971, p. 165.

Sources

Books

Archaeological Survey of India (1903). Annual Report of the Archaeological Department, Southern Circle, Madras. Coorg: Government Press.
Kannan, R.; Lakshminarayanan, K. (2001). Iconography of the Jain images in the government museum (PDF). Vol. 15. Government Museum, Chennai.
Konow, Sten (1910). Epigraphia Indica and Record of the Archaeological Survey of India (PDF). Epigraphia Indica. Vol. 10. Bombay: Archaeological Survey of India.
Nandi, Ramendra Nath (1973). Religious Institutions and Cults in the Deccan, C. A.D. 600-A.D. 1000. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-08-426-0564-9.
Pereira, Jose (1977). Monolithic Jinas. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2397-6.
Ramamurty, N. (1979). Social and religious life as depicted in the Chalukyan sculptures (PDF). Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University.
Reddy, Pedarapu Chenna (2022). Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies. Blue Rose Publishers. ISBN 978-93-56114-46-3.
Shah, Umakant Premanand (1987). Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography. Vol. 1. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-208-6.
Stephens, H. Morse (1904). Madras State Administration Report. Government Press.

Web

Leeuw, Lohuizen-de (1956). "Danavulapadu". Leiden University Library. Netherland.
Singh, Ram Bhushan (1971). "Jaina Goddesses In Karnataka And Their Association With Tantricism During Early Medieval Times". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 33. Indian History Congress: 165–71. JSTOR 44145329. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

External links

Media related to Danavulapadu Jain temple at Wikimedia Commons

[8] Chaumukh idol faces all four cardinal directions.^[7]

[FOOTNOTEKonow1910147-1] Konow 1910, p. 147.

[FOOTNOTERamamurty197954–55-2] Ramamurty 1979, pp. 54–55.

[FOOTNOTEStephens190424-3] Stephens 1904, p. 24.

[FOOTNOTERamamurty197954-4] Ramamurty 1979, p. 54.

[FOOTNOTEReddy2022113-5] Reddy 2022, p. 113.

[asi-6] "Buried Jaina Temple and Remains at Danavulapadu". Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

[FOOTNOTENandi197333-7] Nandi 1973, p. 33.

[FOOTNOTELeeuw1956-9] Leeuw 1956.

[FOOTNOTEArchaeological_Survey_of_India190326-10] Archaeological Survey of India 1903, p. 26.

[FOOTNOTEShah1987156-11] Shah 1987, p. 156.

[FOOTNOTENandi197335-12] Nandi 1973, p. 35.

[FOOTNOTEKannanLakshminarayanan200163-13] Kannan & Lakshminarayanan 2001, p. 63.

[FOOTNOTEPereira19777-14] Pereira 1977, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTERamamurty197955-15] Ramamurty 1979, p. 55.

[APTDC-16] "Danavulapadu". Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

[17] "Archaeology". Government Museum, Chennai. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

[FOOTNOTESingh1971165-18] Singh 1971, p. 165.

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See also : Jain temples in North America
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