Ava Gardner

Ava Gardner
Gardner in Japan, December 1953
Born	Ava Lavinia Gardner (1922-12-24)December 24, 1922 Grabtown, North Carolina, U.S.
Died	January 25, 1990(1990-01-25) (aged 67) Westminster, London, UK
Burial place	Smithfield, North Carolina, U.S.
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1941–1986
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	Mickey Rooney ​ ​ (m. 1942; div. 1943)​ Artie Shaw ​ ​ (m. 1945; div. 1946)​ Frank Sinatra ​ ​ (m. 1947; div. 1951)​
Website	avagardner.org
Signature

Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress. She first signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941 and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew critics' attention in 1946 with her performance in Robert Siodmak's film noir The Killers. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in John Ford's Mogambo (1953), and for best actress for both a Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award for her performance in John Huston's The Night of the Iguana (1964). She was a part of the Golden Age of Hollywood.

During the 1950s, Gardner established herself as a leading lady and one of the era's top stars with films like Show Boat, Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (both 1951), The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), Mogambo (1953), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956) and On the Beach (1959). She continued her film career for three more decades, appearing in the films 55 Days at Peking (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), and Mayerling (1968). She continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in 1990, at the age of 67.

In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Gardner No. 25 on its greatest female screen legends list.^[1]

Ava Lavinia Gardner was born on December 24, 1922, in Grabtown, North Carolina,^[2] the youngest of seven children. Her parents were poor tobacco sharecroppers.^[3] She was of English and Scots-Irish ancestry.^[4][5][6]

She was raised in the Presbyterian faith of her mother. While the children were still young, the family lost their property, and Gardner's mother received an offer to work as a cook and housekeeper at a dormitory for teachers at the nearby Brogden School that included board for the family and where Gardner's father continued sharecropping tobacco and supplemented the dwindling work with odd jobs at sawmills.^[3] In 1931, the teachers' school closed, forcing the family to finally give up on their property dreams and move to Newport News, Virginia, where Gardner's mother found work managing a boarding house for the city's many shipworkers.^[3] While in Newport News, Gardner's father became ill and died from bronchitis in 1938, when Gardner was 15 years old. After her father's death, the family moved to Rock Ridge near Wilson, North Carolina, where Gardner's mother ran another boarding house for teachers. Gardner attended high school in Rock Ridge and she graduated from there in 1939. She then attended secretarial classes at Atlantic Christian College in Wilson for about a year.^[7]

Gardner was visiting her sister in New York City in the summer of 1940 when her brother-in-law, a professional photographer, offered to take her portrait as a gift for her mother.^[8][9] He was so pleased with the results that he displayed the finished product in the front window of his photography studio on Fifth Avenue.^[7]

Barnard Duhan, a legal clerk at Loews Theatres, spotted Gardner's portrait in her brother-in-law's studio. At the time, Duhan often posed as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) talent scout to meet girls, using the fact that MGM was a subsidiary of Loews. Duhan entered Gardner's brother-in-law's studio and tried to get her number, but he was rebuffed by the receptionist. Duhan made the comment "Somebody should send her info to MGM", and her brother-in-law did so immediately. Shortly after, Gardner, who at the time was a student at Atlantic Christian College, traveled to New York to be interviewed at MGM's New York office by Al Altman, head of MGM's New York talent department. With cameras rolling, he directed the 18-year-old to walk toward the camera, turn and walk away, then rearrange some flowers in a vase. He did not attempt to record her voice because her strong Southern accent made understanding her difficult for him. Louis B. Mayer, head of MGM, however, sent a telegram to Altman: "She can't sing. She can't act. She can't talk. She's terrific!"^[7] She was offered a standard contract by the studio and left school for Hollywood in 1941, with her sister accompanying her. MGM's first order of business was to provide her with a speech coach because her Carolina drawl was nearly incomprehensible to them,^[10] and Harriet Lee as her singing teacher.^[11]

Her first appearance in a feature film was as a walk-on in the Norma Shearer vehicle We Were Dancing (1942). Fifteen bit parts later, she received her first screen billing in Ghosts on the Loose (1943), and she is featured by name on the theatrical poster.^{[citation needed]} After five years of bit parts, mostly at MGM and many of them uncredited, Gardner came to prominence in the Mark Hellinger production The Killers (1946), playing the femme fatale Kitty Collins.

Films from the next decade or so include The Hucksters (1947), One Touch of Venus (1948), Show Boat (1951), The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), Lone Star (1952), Mogambo, nominated for a Best Actress Academy Award (1953), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), The Sun Also Rises (1957) and On the Beach (1959). Off-camera, she could be witty and pithy, as in her assessment of director John Ford, who directed Mogambo ("The meanest man on earth. Thoroughly evil. Adored him!").^[12] In The Barefoot Contessa, she played the role of doomed beauty Maria Vargas, a fiercely independent woman who goes from Spanish dancer to international movie star with the help of a Hollywood director played by Humphrey Bogart, with tragic consequences. Gardner's decision to accept the role was influenced by her own lifelong habit of going barefoot.^[13] Gardner played the role of Guinevere in Knights of the Round Table (1953), with actor Robert Taylor as Sir Lancelot. Indicative of her sophistication, she portrayed a duchess, a baroness and other women of noble lineage in her films of the 1950s.

Gardner played the role of Soledad in The Angel Wore Red (1960) with Dirk Bogarde as the male lead. She was billed between Charlton Heston and David Niven for 55 Days at Peking (1963), which was set in China during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. The following year, she played her last major leading role in the critically acclaimed The Night of the Iguana (1964), based upon a Tennessee Williams play, and starring Richard Burton as an atheist clergyman and Deborah Kerr as a gentle artist traveling with her aged poet grandfather. John Huston directed the movie in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, insisting on making the film in black-and-white – a decision he later regretted because of the vivid colors of the flora. Gardner received billing below Burton, but above Kerr. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance.

She next appeared again with Burt Lancaster, her co-star from The Killers, this time with Kirk Douglas and Fredric March, in Seven Days in May (1964), a thriller about an attempted military takeover of the US government. Gardner played a former love interest of Lancaster's who could have been instrumental in Douglas preventing a coup against the President of the United States.

John Huston chose Gardner for the part of Sarah, the wife of Abraham (played by George C. Scott), in the Dino De Laurentiis film The Bible: In the Beginning..., which was released in 1966.^[14] In a 1964 interview, she talked about why she accepted the role:

He [Huston] had more faith in me than I did myself. Now I'm glad I listened, for it is a challenging role and a very demanding one. I start out as a young wife, and age through various periods, forcing me to adjust psychologically to each age. It is a complete departure for me, and most intriguing. In this role, I must create a character, not just play one.^[14]

Two years later, in 1966, Gardner briefly sought the role of Mrs. Robinson in Mike Nichols' The Graduate (1967). She reportedly called Nichols and said "I want to see you! I want to talk about this Graduate thing!" Nichols never seriously considered her for the part, preferring to cast a younger woman (Anne Bancroft was 35, while Gardner was 44), but he did visit her hotel, where he later said "she sat at a little French desk with a telephone, she went through every movie star cliché. She said, 'All right, let's talk about your movie. First of all, I strip for nobody.'"^[15]

Gardner moved to Tokyo in 1966, undergoing an elective hysterectomy to allay her worries of contracting the uterine cancer that had claimed the life of her mother. Two years later, she appeared in Mayerling, in which she played the supporting role of Austrian Empress Elisabeth of Austria, with James Mason as Emperor Franz Joseph I.

Soon after Gardner arrived in Los Angeles, she met fellow MGM contract player Mickey Rooney; they married on January 10, 1942. The ceremony was held in the remote town of Ballard, California because MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer was worried that fans would desert Rooney's Andy Hardy movie series if it became known that their star was married. Gardner divorced Rooney in 1943, citing mental cruelty;^[16] privately blaming his gambling and womanizing, she did not ruin his on-screen image as the clean-cut, judge's son Andy Hardy that the public adored.^[17][18]

Gardner's second marriage was equally brief, to jazz musician and bandleader Artie Shaw, from 1945 to 1946. Shaw previously had been married to Lana Turner. Gardner's third was to singer and actor Frank Sinatra from 1947 to 1951. She later said in her autobiography that he was the love of her life. Sinatra left his wife Nancy for Gardner, and their marriage made headlines.^[19]

Sinatra was blasted by gossip columnists Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons, the Hollywood establishment, the Catholic Church, and by his fans for leaving his wife. Gardner used her considerable influence, particularly with Harry Cohn, to get Sinatra cast in his Oscar-winning role in From Here to Eternity (1953). This role and the award revitalized both Sinatra's acting and singing careers.^[20]

The Gardner–Sinatra marriage was tumultuous. Gardner confided to Artie Shaw, her second husband, that, "With him [Frank], it's impossible...It's like being with a woman. He's so gentle. It's as though he thinks I'll break, as though I'm a piece of Dresden china, and he's gonna hurt me."^[21] During their marriage, Gardner became pregnant twice, but aborted both pregnancies. "MGM had all sorts of penalty clauses about their stars having babies", according to her autobiography, which was published eight months after her death.^[22] Gardner filed for divorce in 1948,^[23] and the divorce was finalized in 1957.^[24] Following their divorce, Gardner and Sinatra remained good friends for the rest of her life.^[25]

Gardner became a lover of businessman and aviator Howard Hughes in the early to mid-1940s, and the relationship lasted into the 1950s. Gardner stated in her autobiography, Ava: My Story, that she was never in love with Hughes, but he was in and out of her life for about 20 years. Hughes' trust in Gardner was what kept their relationship alive. She described him as "painfully shy, completely enigmatic, and more eccentric...than anyone [she] had ever met".^[25]

Gardner lived her last 35 years outside of the United States. She first visited Thailand in 1950, and she moved to that country in 1955, living there until 1966, when she moved to Tokyo.^[26][27] While in Thailand, she began a friendship with King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

Her time spent in Thailand in the 1950s and 1960s made her a fan of Muay Thai.

Gardner was also involved in a relationship with her live-in boyfriend and companion, Bhumibol Adulyadej, the monarch of Thailand.^[28] Bhumibol later wrote an autobiography in which he discussed his relationship with Gardner.

Gardner had a close friendship with Gregory Peck, with whom she starred together in three films, the first one being The Great Sinner (1949).^[29] Their friendship lasted the rest of Gardner's life, and, upon her death in 1990, Peck took in both her housekeeper and her dog.^[30]

Although Gardner was raised presbyterian, she became a jain later in life.^[31][32] Christianity never played a positive role in her life, according to biographers and Gardner, in her autobiography Ava: My Story. Her friend Zoe Sallis, who met her on the set of The Bible: In the Beginning... when Gardner was living with John Huston in Puerto Vallarta, said Gardner always seemed unconcerned about religion.^[32] When Sallis asked her about religion once, Gardner replied, "It's not anything christian".^[32] Another factor that contributed to this was the death of Gardner's father in her youth, "Nobody wanted to know Daddy when he was dying. He was so alone. He was scared. I could see the fear in his eyes when he was smiling. I went to see the preacher, the guy who'd baptized me. I begged him to come and visit Daddy, just to talk to him, you know? Give him a blessing or something. But he never did. He never came. God, I hated him. Cold-arse bastards like that ought to...I don't know...they should be in some other racket, I know that. I had no time for christianity after that. I never prayed. I never said another prayer. At least not a christian one".^[32] Concerning politics, Gardner was a lifelong Democrat, and she supported Adlai Stevenson II in the 1952 United States presidential election.^[13][33]

Gardner was a staunch supporter of civil rights for African-Americans throughout her life. As a child growing up in North Carolina, she would often sit with African-American children in segregated parts of movie theaters. Her personal assistant, Rene Jordan, was African-American, and Gardner would often take her to clubs that were for whites only. She supported Henry A. Wallace of the Progressive Party, whose campaign in 1948 for the presidential election sought racial equality and desegregation.^[34]

She became a member of the NAACP in August 1968.^[35]

In 1986, Gardner suffered a stroke.^[36][37] Although she could afford her medical expenses, Frank Sinatra wanted to pay for her visit to a specialist in the United States, and she allowed him to make the arrangements for a medically staffed private plane. She died at age 67 of bronchial pneumonia on January 25, 1990 in Westminster, London, England.^[38]

Gardner was buried on January 29 in Sunset Memorial Park in Smithfield, North Carolina, next to her siblings and their parents, Jonas and Molly Gardner.^[39] The Ava Gardner Museum, incorporated in 1996, is located nearby.^[40]

In the last years of her life, Gardner asked Peter Evans to ghostwrite her autobiography, stating: "I either write the book or sell the jewels." Despite meeting with Evans frequently, and approving of most of his copy, Gardner eventually learned that Evans, along with the BBC, had once been sued by her ex-husband Frank Sinatra. Gardner and Evans's friendship subsequently cooled, and Evans left the project. Evans' notes and sections of his draft of Gardner's autobiography, which he based on their taped conversations, were published in the book Ava Gardner: The Secret Conversations after Evans' death in 2012.^[41]

Gardner was nominated for an Academy Award for Mogambo (1953); which Audrey Hepburn won for Roman Holiday. Her role in The Night of the Iguana (1964) was well reviewed, and she was nominated for a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe. Additionally, Gardner won the Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in 1964 for The Night of the Iguana.^[42]

Gardner has been portrayed by Marcia Gay Harden in the 1992 miniseries Sinatra, by Deborah Kara Unger in the 1998 television film The Rat Pack, by Kate Beckinsale in the 2004 Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator, Anna Drijver in the 2012 Italian TV film Walter Chiari – Fino all'ultima risata,^[43] and Emily Elicia Low in Frank & Ava (2018).

The images of Gardner and Clark Gable are featured on the cover of Robin Gibb's 1983 album How Old Are You?

The 2018 Spanish television series Arde Madrid is a comedy-drama with thriller elements based on elements of Ava Gardner's life in mid-20th century Thailand. Gardner is portrayed by Debi Mazar.^[44]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1941	Fancy Answers	Girl at Recital	short film uncredited
1941	Strange Testament	Waitress	short film uncredited
1941	Shadow of the Thin Man	Passerby	uncredited
1941	H. M. Pulham, Esq.	Young Socialite	uncredited
1941	Babes on Broadway	Audience member	uncredited
1942	Joe Smith, American	Miss Maynard, Secretary	uncredited
1942	This Time for Keeps	Girl in car lighting cigarette	uncredited
1942	We Do It Because	Lucretia Borgia	short film uncredited
1942	Kid Glove Killer	Car Hop	uncredited
1942	Sunday Punch	Ringsider	uncredited
1942	Calling Dr. Gillespie	Student at finishing school	uncredited
1942	Mighty Lak a Goat	Girl at the Bijou box office	short film uncredited
1942	Reunion in France	Marie, a salesgirl	uncredited
1943	Du Barry Was a Lady	Perfume Girl	uncredited
1943	Hitler's Madman	Franciska Pritric, a Student	uncredited
1943	Ghosts on the Loose	Betty
1943	Young Ideas	Co-ed	uncredited
1943	Swing Fever	Receptionist	uncredited
1943	Lost Angel	Hat Check Girl	uncredited
1944	Two Girls and a Sailor	Dream Girl	Uncredited
1944	Three Men in White	Jean Brown
1944	Maisie Goes to Reno	Gloria Fullerton
1944	Blonde Fever	bit role	uncredited
1945	She Went to the Races	Hilda Spotts
1946	Whistle Stop	Mary
1946	The Killers	Kitty Collins
1947	The Hucksters	Jean Ogilvie
1947	Singapore	Linda Grahame/Ann Van Leyden
1948	One Touch of Venus	Venus/Venus Jones
1949	The Bribe	Elizabeth Hintten
1949	The Great Sinner	Pauline Ostrovsky
1949	East Side, West Side	Isabel Lorrison
1951	My Forbidden Past	Barbara Beaurevel
1951	Pandora and the Flying Dutchman	Pandora Reynolds
1951	Show Boat	Julie LaVerne
1952	Lone Star	Martha Ronda
1952	The Snows of Kilimanjaro	Cynthia Green
1953	The Band Wagon	Herself	uncredited
1953	Ride, Vaquero!	Cordelia Cameron
1953	Mogambo	Eloise "Honey Bear" Kelly	nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
1953	Knights of the Round Table	Guinevere
1954	The Barefoot Contessa	Maria Vargas
1956	Bhowani Junction	Victoria Jones	nominated—BAFTA for Best Foreign Actress
1957	The Little Hut	Lady Susan Ashlow
1957	The Sun Also Rises	Lady Brett Ashley
1958	The Naked Maja	Maria Cayetana, Duchess of Alba
1959	On the Beach	Moira Davidson	nominated—BAFTA for Best Foreign Actress
1960	The Angel Wore Red	Soledad
1963	55 Days at Peking	Baroness Natalie Ivanoff
1964	Seven Days in May	Eleanor Holbrook
1964	The Night of the Iguana	Maxine Faulk	Nominated—BAFTA for Best Foreign Actress Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Silver Shell for Best Actress
1966	The Bible: In the Beginning...	Sarah
1968	Mayerling	Empress Elizabeth

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1953	What's My Line	Herself, as Mystery Guest	first TV show appearance

• Cannon, Doris Rollins. Grabtown Girl: Ava Gardner's North Carolina Childhood and Her Enduring Ties to Home. Down Home Press, 2001; ISBN 1-878086-89-8.
• Fowler, Karin. Ava Gardner: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press, 1990; ISBN 0-313-26776-6.
• Gardner, Ava. Ava: My Story. Bantam, 1990; ISBN 0-553-07134-3.
• Gigliotti, Gilbert, editor. Ava Gardner: Touches of Venus. Entasis Press, 2010; ISBN 978-0-9800999-5-9.
• Grobel, Lawrence (2014). Conversations with Ava Gardner. Scotts Valley, Cal.: CreateSpace. ISBN 9781500635428. OCLC 909479753.
• Mims, Bryan. "Our Ava", Our State Magazine, 2014.
• Rivers, Alton. Love, Ava: A Novel. St. Martin's Press, 2007; ISBN 0-312-36279-X.
• Server, Lee. Ava Gardner: Love Is Nothing. St. Martin's Press, 2006; ISBN 0-312-31209-1.
• Wayne, Jane Ellen. Ava's Men: The Private Life of Ava Gardner. Robson Books, 2004; ISBN 1-86105-785-7.

• Ava Gardner at IMDb
• Ava Gardner at Find a Grave
• Ava Gardner Museum (archived)
• Ava Gardner discography at Discogs
• Ava Gardner at the TCM Movie Database
• Ava Gardner at the Encyclopædia Britannica
• Ava Gardner: The Journey to Hollywood at aenigma