Arisarum
| Arisarum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Arisarum vulgare | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Subfamily: | Aroideae |
| Tribe: | Arisareae |
| Genus: | Arisarum Mill. |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Balmisa Lag. | |
Arisarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, east to the Caucasus and west to Macaronesia.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy
[edit]Species
[edit]Accepted species:[2]
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
 |
Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu | Portugal Spain, Balearic Islands, Algeria, Morocco |
 |
Arisarum proboscideum (L.) Savi | Spain, Italy |
 |
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. | Mediterranean region of northern Africa and southern Europe from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey and Israel; Caucasus; Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores |
Natural Hybrids
[edit]- Arisarum × aspergillum Dunal - Spain, Algeria, Morocco (A. simorrhinum × A. vulgare)
Phylogeny
[edit]It is closely related to the genera Ambrosina, Peltandra, and Typhonodorum. Ambrosina is the sister group to Arisarum, from which it separated about 46.1 Million years ago.[1]
The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:[1]
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Description
[edit]In A. simorrhinum, the flower stalk is shorter or equal in length to the leaf stalk, whereas in A. vulgare, the flower stalk is longer than the leaf stalk. A. vulgare also has a generally longer spadix than A. simorrhinum.[5]
Ecology
[edit]Parasite ecology
[edit]
Arisarum foliage is parasitized by the siphonous green algae Phyllosiphon arisari Kühn. It induces necrosis in leaf tissue, after invading the intracellular space.[6] The foliage also may be affected by two species of fungi, namely Phyllosticta arisari and Melanustilospora arisari. The scale insect Icerya purchasi also feeds on Arisarum.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schoenenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J. A., & Conti, E. (2008). "Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the Mediterranean Basin by the angiosperm family Araceae." Systematic Biology, 57(2), 269-285.
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere: Arisarum includes European distribution maps
- ^ "Arisarum" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- ^ Aboal, M., & Werner, O. (2011). "Morphology, fine structure, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of Phyllosiphon arisari, a siphonous parasitic green alga." European journal of phycology, 46(3), 181-192.
- ^ W.N. Ellis. (2023). Genus Arisarum. Plant Parasites of Europe Leafminers, Galls and Fungi. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/angiosperma/monocots/alismatales/araceae/aroideae/arisarum/genus-arisarum/
External links
[edit]
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