Ẽ

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Ẽ, ẽ is a letter in which the tilde indicates a nasal vowel or nasal consonant.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, /ẽ/ represents a nasalized [e] sound. It is the 5th letter in the Guaraní alphabet and widely used in other Amerindian languages in Brazil, such as Kaingang, representing this nasalized [ẽ] sound. It is also used for the Bantu language Umbundu.

In Romagnol, ẽ has been proposed to represent [ẽː], e.g. galẽna [gaˈlẽːna] ("hen").

In Vietnamese, it is used to represent an E with a ngã tone.

Commonly found in medieval and Renaissance-era texts, both in Latin and vernacular languages such as Old Spanish and Middle French, standing for en and em before a consonant or at the end of a word. For example, Old Spanish tiẽpo for tiempo, riẽdas for riendas, fazẽ for fazen.

In older Italian documents, a tilde is used to indicate a missing m after a vowel. So, ẽ is used to abbreviate em, as in tẽpo instead of tempo^[1]