Yang Baibing

Yang Baibing
杨白冰
Yang Baibing
Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party
In office November 1989 – October 1992
Preceded by	Yang Shangkun
Succeeded by	Position revoked
Director of the People's Liberation Army General Political Department
In office November 1987 – October 1992
Preceded by	Yu Qiuli
Succeeded by	Yu Yongbo
Political Commissar of the Beijing Military Region
In office June 1985 – November 1987
Preceded by	Fu Chongbi [zh]
Succeeded by	Liu Zhenhua
Personal details
Born	Yang Shangzheng (1920-09-09)9 September 1920 Tongnan, Chongqing, China
Died	15 January 2013(2013-01-15) (aged 92) Beijing, China
Political party	Chinese Communist Party
Relations	Yang Shangkun
Alma mater	Counter-Japanese Military and Political University
Military service
Allegiance	People's Republic of China
Branch/service	Eighth Route Army  People's Liberation Army Ground Force
Years of service	1938–1993
Rank	General
Battles/wars	Second Sino-Japanese War Chinese Civil War
Awards	Order of Independence and Freedom (3rd Class; 1955) Order of Liberation (2nd Class; 1955)
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	杨白冰
Traditional Chinese	楊白冰
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yáng Báibīng
Yang Shangzheng
Simplified Chinese	杨尚正
Traditional Chinese	楊尚正
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yáng Shàngzhèng

Yang Baibing (Chinese: 杨白冰; pinyin: Yáng Báibīng; 9 September 1920 – 15 January 2013) was a Chinese military officer. He was a senior general and political commissar in the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the younger half-brother of Yang Shangkun. Together, the two brothers effectively controlled the PLA from the early 1980s until the early 1990s.^[1][2][3]

Yang was born as Yang Shangzheng (杨尚正; 楊尚正; Yáng Shàngzhèng) in Tongnan, Chongqing, on 9 September 1920. He became a guerrilla fighter in 1937, after Japan invaded China and joined the Chinese Communist Party in March 1938. He graduated from the Military–Political University, the Central Party School, and the "Northern Shaanxi Public School", which trained security and intelligence officers for the Communist Party's Central Social Affairs Department. Many years later, in 1958, he also graduated from the Higher Political Academy of the PLA.

Yang had a long and eventful military career, serving as both battlefield commander and political commissar. He fought in the Second Sino–Japanese War and subsequently in the Chinese Civil War, which led to the victory of the CCP and the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

From 1949 until 1966 and the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, Yang continuously served in the Southwest, and took part in the invasion and conquest of Tibet in 1950–51, as well as the crushing of the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion. In 1960 he became Deputy Director, and in 1964 Director, of the Political Department of the Chengdu Military Region.

Along with his half-brother Yang Shangkun, Yang Baibing was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, being arrested, imprisoned and expelled from the Party in November 1966. He remained in prison for almost a decade, until he was released in 1975. In 1978, both Yang brothers made their comeback as allies of Deng Xiaoping. Yang Baibing went on to serve as:

• Director of the Political Department and Deputy Political Commissar of the Beijing Military Region (1978–1985)
• Political Commissar of the Beijing Military Region (1985–1987)
• Director of the PLA General Political Department (1987–1992)
• Secretary–General of the Central Military Commission (1989–1992)
• Full Member of the Politburo (1992–1997)

Together with his brother Yang Shangkun, Yang Baibing played a leading role in crushing the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests and was a main planner of the actual operations to clear the square and violently suppress all opposition. The PLA 27th Group Army, which arrived from Hebei and killed several hundred protesters, was commanded by his son, Yang Jianhua.

In the early 1990s, Yang was one of many top Chinese officials who pushed for a strategic partnership with Russia, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, despite the fact that just a few years earlier, in the 1980s, the PLA was very active in aiding the Mujahedeen against the Soviets in Afghanistan. Yang himself was very active in coordinating military assistance to the Afghans throughout the 1980s, which eventually included weapons such as heavy machine guns, rocket launchers and anti-aircraft artillery.^[4]

After the 14th Party Congress in October 1992, Yang Baibing entered the Politburo, but he was forced to leave the military in 1993 along with his brother Yang Shangkun, who was also forced to step down as President of China and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Committee in the same year. After the 15th Party Congress in September 1997, Yang Baibing officially retired from politics.

Yang died in Beijing on 15 January 2013, at the age of 92. Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiang, Zhang Dejiang, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan, Zhang Gaoli attended his funeral.^[5]