Kingdom of Dublin

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Kingdom of Dublin Dyflin Duibhlinn
853–1170
Maximum extent of Dublin (pink) and other Norse settlements (green) in Ireland
Capital	Dublin
Common languages	Old Norse, Old and Middle Irish
Religion	Norse paganism Roman Catholicism
Government	Monarchy
King
• c. 853–871 (first)	Amlaíb Conung
• c. 1160–1170 (last)	Ascall mac Ragnaill
History
• Established	853
• Norman conquest	1170
Currency	Silver penny
Preceded by Succeeded by Ciannachta Cualu Lordship of Ireland
Today part of	Ireland

The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin^[1]) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD. It was the first and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland, founded by Vikings who invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day County Dublin.

The first reference to the Vikings comes from the Annals of Ulster and the first entry for 841 AD reads: "Pagans still on Lough Neagh". It is from this date onward that historians get references to ship fortresses or longphorts being established in Ireland. The Vikings may have first over-wintered in 840–841 AD. The actual location of the longphort of Dublin is still a hotly debated issue. Norse rulers of Dublin were often co-kings, and occasionally also Kings of Jórvík in what is now Yorkshire. Under their rule, Dublin became the biggest slave port in Western Europe.^[2][3] The hinterland of Dublin in the Norse period was named in Old Norse: Dyflinnar skíði, lit. 'Dublinshire'.^[4]: 24

Over time, the settlers in Dublin became increasingly Gaelicized. They began to exhibit a great deal of Gaelic and Norse cultural syncretism, and are often referred to as Norse-Gaels.^{[citation needed]}

In 988, Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill led the initial Gaelic conquest of Dublin. As a result, the founding of Dublin is counted by some from the year 988, although a village had existed on the site of Dublin nearly a thousand years earlier.^{[citation needed]}

Coins were minted in Dublin by about 995, and on Mann by about 1025.^[5]

In the mid-11th century, the Kingdom of Leinster began exerting influence over Dublin. The last king of Dublin was killed by the Norman conquerors of Dublin in 1171.^{[citation needed]}

The extent of the kingdom varied, but in peaceful times it extended roughly as far as Wicklow (Wykinglo) in the south, Glen Ding near Blessington, Leixlip (Lax Hlaup) west of Dublin, and Skerries, Dublin (Skere) to the north. The Fingal area north of Dublin was named after the Norse who lived there.^{[citation needed]}

^ Disputed * Speculative

• Early Scandinavian Dublin
• Irish nobility
• The Pale
• Uí Ímair

• Barrett, JH (2016). "Maritime Societies and the Transformation of the Viking Age and Medieval World". In Barrett, JH; Gibbon, SJ (eds.). Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph (series vol. 37). Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 1–13. doi:10.4324/9781315630755. ISBN 978-1-315-63075-5. ISSN 0583-9106.
• Downham, Clare, Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh. 2007.
• Downham, C (2007). "Living on the Edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the Twelfth Century.". In Ballin-Smith, B (ed.). West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement before 1300. Leiden: Brill. pp. 33–52. ISBN 978-90-47-42121-4.
• Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik, Viking Empires. Cambridge University Press. 2005 ISBN 0-521-82992-5.
• Hudson, Benjamin T., Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford. 2005 ISBN 0-19-516237-4.
• Larsen, Anne-Christine (ed.), The Vikings in Ireland. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum. 2001.
• Todd, James Henthorn (ed. and tr.), Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. Longmans. 1867.
• Woolf, Alex, "Age of Sea-Kings: 900–1300", in Donald Omand (ed.), The Argyll Book. Edinburgh. 2004. pp. 94–109.