User:BerrySun/Valery Bykovsky
Valery Bykovsky
[edit]Early life and career
[edit]Born in Pavlovsky Posad, Russia, on 2 August 1934, Bykovsky was the son of Fyodor Fyodorovich Bykovsky and Klavdia Ivanova. He had an older sister named Margarita born three years earlier. When he was four years old, World War II began, forcing the family to move to Kuybyshev, and later again to Syzran, before moving back to near Moscow.[1] By the age of 14, Bykovsky wanted to attend naval school; however, his father was not a proponent of this idea and encouraged him to stay at his school. A few days later Bykovsky attended a lecture on the Soviet Air Force Club which inspired him to pursue his dream of becoming a pilot. He began flight theory lessons when he was 16 at the Moscow City Aviation Club.[1]
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Bykovsky graduated from aviation school aged 18 and enrolled in the Kachinsk Military Aviation Academy.[1]
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He served as a fighter pilot and later as an instructor pilot, training other pilots on fighter aircraft. During his military service, Bykovsky logged over 5,000 hours of flying time on various types of aircraft, including jet fighters and bombers.[2]
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Bykovsky also had a passion for aviation research and experimentation. He was involved in several research programs aimed at improving the performance and safety of military aircraft. One of the programs he participated in was the development of the Tupolev Tu-16 jet bomber, which was used by the Soviet Air Force from the 1950s to the 1980s. Bykovsky was also involved in the testing of new jet engines and aviation equipment. In the 1950s, he participated in the testing of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 jet fighter, which was the first Soviet production aircraft capable of supersonic flight.[2]
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He graduated from the academy at 21 years old and received the rank of lieutenant. By the time he began his cosmonaut training, he had done over 72 parachute jumps.[1]
Cosmonaut career
[edit]Vostok programme
[edit]At 26 years old he started his cosmonaut training at Zhukovsky Military Engineering academy.[1]
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Bykovsky's space flight started in Kazakhstan, Soviet Central Asia at the Baikonur cosmodrome.[3]
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Although an exceptional pilot in his own right Bykovsky was not a part of the original "Vanguard Six" assigned to the Vostok mission. Due to the fortuitous back injury sustained by Valentin Varlamov, Bykovksy was added to the group.[4]
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His first assignment was as the backup pilot of Vostok 3.[5]
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Bykovsky launched on the Vostok 5 mission on 14 June 1963. During the flight he conducted experiments, such as photographing the Earth's horizon and documenting the growth of peas.
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He also floated around in the cabin, adjusting the orientation of the spacecraft plenty of times throughout the mission.[3]
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Two days into his flight, Valentina Tereshkova flew the Vostok 6 spacecraft within five kilometers of his spacecraft.[6] He set a space endurance record when he spent five days in orbit aboard Vostok 5 in 1963[7] where his call-sign was "Hawk" (Russian: Ястреб).[8] Although this flight duration has since been surpassed by crews of more than one person, it remains the endurance record for a solo spaceflight.[9][6]
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Of Note, is the fact that Vostok 5 and the Vostok 6 flight missions flew in relatively close proximity to each other. At times traveling as close at 3 miles for each other. These flight paths were crucial in establishing future docking missions between two vehicles in orbiting in space. [10] He was given his nation’s highest honor “Hero of The Soviet Union” because of his contributions to the soviet space program.[11]
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During his orbit aboard Vostok 5, Bykovsky was also made a member of the communist party.[1] During his orbit aboard Vostok 5, Bykovsky was also made a member of the communist party.[1] He was promoted to colonel on 30 April 1966.[12]
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On June 25 1963, Valery Bykovsky and Valentina Tereshkova went to Moscow University for a press conference.[3] During the press conference, Bykovsky was quoted in The Times describing how weightlessness effected him, "The muscles of the arms feel extremely light; you lift a hand without any effort, you pick up something-and it weighs nothing. You get accustomed to this, but not at once."[3]
Post-cosmonaut career
[edit]Much of his later career was devoted to promoting the Intercosmos programme amongst the world's Socialist nations. Due to his age, he was moved from active duty to the reserves in 1988.[13] He became the director of the Centre of Soviet Science & Culture in East Berlin after the Soyuz 31 mission.[14]
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Valery Bykovsky established the Russian Federation of Cosmonautics (RFC) in 1998 with the objective of advancing the development of space exploration and science in Russia. The RFC's main goals included increasing public interest in space exploration, providing educational opportunities for young people, and supporting research and development initiatives in the space sector. Bykovsky was the president of the RFC until his death in 2019.[15]
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Valery Bykovsky was a member of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, from 1999 to 2003. While in the Duma, he served as a member of the Committee on Science, Education, Culture and Information Policy. Bykovsky worked to advance science and technology initiatives in Russia by advocating for greater funding for scientific research and education. He had a special interest in promoting space exploration and related research. Bykovsky also used his platform as a member of parliament to speak out on political and social issues, and was known for his outspoken views against corruption and bureaucracy in Russian politics.[16]
Personal life
[edit]Bykovsky was a keen sportsman:
Service in the Air Force made us strong, both physically and morally. All of us cosmonauts took up sports and PT seriously when we served in the Air Force. I know that Yuri Gagarin was fond of ice hockey. He liked to play goal keeper. Gherman Titov was a gymnastics enthusiast, Andriyan Nikolayev liked skiing, Pavel Popovich went in for weight lifting. I don't think I am wrong when I say that sports became a fixture in the life of the cosmonauts.[17]
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Bykovsky was a proficient aesthete and photographer who evinced a particular penchant for the art of painting.[4] His extensive body of work, characterized by a predominantly figurative style, has been widely showcased in renowned galleries and museums throughout Russia. Additionally, he had an abiding passion for photography and had taken numerous photographs during his space missions, using both conventional and digital cameras to capture stunning images of the Earth's surface and the celestial bodies.
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He was married to Valentina Mikhailovna Sukhova; they had two sons.[18]
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In 1986, his first son died in an aviation incident.[19] Valery Bykovsky
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Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Burgess, Hall, Collin, Rex (2009). The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team:Their Lives and Legacies. Praxis Publishing. pp. 37–39. ISBN 978-0-387-84823-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Valery Bykovsky | Biography, Spaceflights, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ^ a b c d "Russian Cosmonaut Tells Of Her Joy In Space". The Times (Newspaper). No. 55737. London, England. 26 June 1963. p. 11.
- ^ a b Saev, Vladinir Nikolaevich; Batrakov, Valery Vitalievich; Malikova, Tatyana Yurievna (2019-09-06). "Information Support of the Interdepartmental Examining Board While Training Sessions on the ISS RS Simulator Complex". MANNED SPACEFLIGHT (3(32)): 37–46. doi:10.34131/msf.19.3.37-46. ISSN 2226-7298.
- ^ "Joint flight of Vostok-3 and Vostok-4". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Vostok cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, who flew three missions, dies". collectSPACE. 27 March 2019.
- ^ "First Girl in Space Gets a Rousing Welcome from Communist Women". The Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. UPI. 24 June 1953. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Call signs of astronauts".
- ^ a b Korobatov, Yaroslav (27 March 2019). Ушёл Валерий Быковский — космонавт, на которого не действовала невесомость [Valery Bykovsky is gone - an astronaut who was not affected by weightlessness] (in Russian). Komsomolskaya Pravda.
- ^ "Vostok | Soviet spacecraft series | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. (2012). Britannica biographies.
- ^ Биография Валерия Быковского [Biography of Valery Bykovsky] (in Russian). TASS. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Ушёл из жизни Валерий Быковский" [Valery Bykovsky passed away]. Roscosmos. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-387-21896-0. LCCN 2006935327.
- ^ "Vostok cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, who flew three missions, dies at 84 | collectSPACE". collectSPACE.com. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ Press, Associated (2019-03-28). "Russia says cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky is dead at 84". Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ Bykovsky quoted in Gavrilin, pp. 26–7
- ^ a b Paul Rincon (28 March 2019). "Russian space pioneer Valery Bykovsky dies aged 84". BBC. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Who'll track them?". Spaceflight (magazine). 61 (6). British Interplanetary Society: 37. 2019.