User:Alexis Ivanov/sandbox
Letters: Ḥ ḥ Ṣ ṣ Ḍ ḍ Ẓ ẓ Ṭ ṭ Ḳ ḳ Ā ā Ī ī Ū ū ʿ ʾ Ġ ġ Ḫ ḫ J̌ ǰ Š š
Ṭāhir ibn Ḥusayn ibn Muṣʿab al-Bushanjī
ببببسب
ببببسب (Persian: ابراهیم میرزا)
خانیان
الخاقانية
(ا/ ع؛ ت/ ط؛ ث/ س/ ص؛ ح/ ه؛ ذ/ ز/ ض/ ظ؛ غ/ ق)
| Letter | Unicode | Name | IE2 | Cambridge Modified IE2 (Best Form) | Professor Ian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ء 3 | 0621
|
hamzah | ʾ | ʾ | |
| ا | 0627
|
alif | a | a | |
| ب | 0628
|
bāʼ | b | b | |
| ت | 062A
|
tāʼ | t | t | |
| ث | 062B
|
thāʼ | th | th | |
| ج | 062C
|
jīm | dj | j | ǰ |
| ح | 062D
|
ḥāʼ | ḥ | ḥ | ḥ |
| خ | 062E
|
khāʼ | kh | kh | ḫ |
| د | 062F
|
dāl | d | d | |
| ذ | 0630
|
dhāl | dh | dh | |
| ر | 0631
|
rāʼ | r | r | |
| ز | 0632
|
zayn/zāy | z | z | |
| س | 0633
|
sīn | s | s | |
| ش | 0634
|
shīn | sh | sh | š |
| ص | 0635
|
ṣād | ṣ | ṣ | |
| ض | 0636
|
ḍād | ḍ | ḍ | ḍ |
| ط | 0637
|
ṭāʼ | ṭ | ṭ | ṭ |
| ظ | 0638
|
ẓāʼ | ẓ | ẓ | |
| ع | 0639
|
ʻayn | ʿ | ʿ | ʿ |
| غ | 063A
|
ghayn | gh | gh | ġ |
| ف 5 | 0641
|
fāʼ | f | f | |
| ق 5 | 0642
|
qāf | ḳ | q | |
| ك | 0643
|
kāf | k | k | |
| ل | 0644
|
lām | l | l | |
| م | 0645
|
mīm | m | m | |
| ن | 0646
|
nūn | n | n | |
| ه | 0647
|
hāʼ | h | h | |
| و | 0648
|
wāw | w | w | |
| ي 6 | 064A
|
yāʼ | y | y | |
| آ | 0622
|
alif maddah | |||
| ة | 0629
|
tāʼ marbūṭah | a, at | a, at | |
| ى 6 | 0649
|
alif maqṣūrah | aː | ||
| ال | alif lām | Al
or ʿl- |
|||
| Short Vowels | |||||
| a | |||||
| u | |||||
| i | |||||
| Long Vowels | |||||
| ā | |||||
| ī | |||||
| ū |
Note: Where there are well accepted Anglicised versions of proper nouns or terms (e.g. Baghdad, Mecca), these are used instead of strict transliterations.
words of Turkish origin, the consonants are transcribed as above (but with v for w),
-----
Editing articles properly
Adding names to "Human name disambiguation pages"
Fixing Categories
----
Mamluk Sultanate
[edit]Mamluk Sultanate were officially defined by the ethnic origin of its ruling elite, and not by the slave origin of that elite
dawlat al-atrāk(Arabic: دولة الاتراك)/dawlat al-turk(Arabic: دولة الترك)/al-dawla al-turkiyya(Arabic: الدولة التركية) these all mean “the state of the Turks” or "the period of rule of the Turks"[1][2]
dawlat al-jarākisa(Arabic: دولة الجراكسة) which means "the period of rule of the Circassians"[1][2]
Modern Scholars use dawlat al-mamālīk (Arabic: دولة المماليك) which means “the Mamlūk Sultanate”, but this name is rarely used by the Mamluks.
Some misconception names include “the Baḥrī Sultanate/period” dawlat al-baḥriyya(Arabic: الدولة البحرية) and the “Burjī Sultanate/period” al-dawla al-burijyya(Arabic: الدولة البرجية) these were rarely used by medieval Mamluk Historians but are currently used as sub-periods of the Mamluk Sultanates.[1]
al-dawla al-turkiyya al-jarkasiyya (Arabic: دولة التركية الجراكسية) which has linguistic and ethnic affiliation which[3]
although Dawlat al-Turkiyya the Mamluk Sultanate had other other names that were used for example Al-dawla al-mughuliyya(Arabic: الدولة المغولية) meaning the Mongol State during Sultan Al-Adil Kitbugha's rule who was of Mongol extraction.[4]
During Baybars al-Jāshankīr’s reign the state was known as al-dawla al-burijyya(Arabic: الدولة البرجية) which meant the “Burjī Sultanate/period”[5], when in fact he was a ruler during the the Baḥrī Sultanate/period but was of Circassian extraction that dominated in Burjī Sultanate/period[5]
dawlatāl āl-Qalāwūn(Arabic: دولة قلاوون) /dawlat banī Qalāwūn(Arabic: دولة بني قلاوون) which means "Qalawunid dynasty" which have ruled for hundred years between 1281 to 1382[6]
al-dawla al-Ẓāhiriyya(Arabic: الدولة البحرية) which meant "Ẓāhirī state/dynasty" which is the dynasty of Baibars and his two sons Al-Said Barakah and Solamish. This dynasty have ruled consecutively for 19 years.[7]
dawlat al-turk al-mamālīk(Arabic: دولة الترك المماليك) which means “The mamlūk Turkish State/The reign of the Turkish mamlūks”
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Baibars: Kipchak (Burch-oghlu)[8]
Qalawun : Kipchak (Burch-oghlu)[8]
Kitbugha: Non-Kipchak Mongol[4]
Lajin: Non-Kipchak[4] Circassian[5] Relative to Baibars II[5]
Baibars II: Non-Kipchak[4] Circassian[5] Relative to Lajin[5]
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Sunqur Al-Ashqar: Mongol[5]
Baydara Al-Mansur: Mongol[5]
Articles
[edit]Mausoleum of “Jochi Khan”
Mehmed II wallachian quote needs a fix with a better reliable source
Albanian–Venetian War, line
Crusade of Varna
Suleiman Baltoghlu FIX for the Kapidun Pasha
Transmission of the Greek Classics
Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
The First Russo-Turkish War, 1676–1681
Creation of Ibrahim Shaitan Pasha page on Wikipedia
Sanjak of Herzegovina (from the Dubrovnik annals)
Taharrush jamai (infobox)
Battle of Cecora (1620)
Ottoman conquest of Cafa (Kefe) and Tana (Azov)
Siege of Maribor (1532)
Administration
Template for Kings
| Stannis Baratheon the First of His Name | |
|---|---|
King of the Andals and the First MenLord of the Seven KingdomsLord Paramount of the Stormlands | |
| Predecessor | Robert Baratheon |
| Successor | none |
| Selyse Baratheon | |
| House | House Baratheon |
| Father | Steffon Baratheon |
| Mother | Cassana Baratheon |
| Religion | R'hllor, the Lord of Light |
References and how they work(Using Muhammad's article as an example)
[edit]First Note[n 1]
First Reference[9]
Notes
[edit]- ^ TESTTING
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Yosef 2012b, p. 388.
- ^ a b Yosef 2013, p. 8.
- ^ Yosef 2012b, p. 390.
- ^ a b c d Yosef 2012b, p. 395.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Yosef 2012b, p. 396.
- ^ Yosef 2012a, p. 7.
- ^ Yosef 2012b, p. 400.
- ^ a b Yosef 2012b, p. 394.
- ^ Esposito (1998), p.35–36
Bibliography
[edit]- Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511233-4.
- Yosef, Koby (2013). "The Term Mamlūk and Slave Status during the Mamluk Sultanate". Al-Qanṭara. 34 (1). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: 7–34. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2013.001.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Yosef, Koby (2012b). "Dawlat al-atrāk or dawlat al-mamālīk? Ethnic origin or slave origin as the defining characteristic of the ruling élite in the Mamlūk sultanate". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 39. Hebrew University of Jerusalem: 387–410.
- Yosef, Koby (September 2012a). "Ethnic Groups, Social Relationships and Dynasty in the Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517)" (PDF). Bonn Annemarie Schimmel Kolleg.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
Encyclopedias
[edit]Further reading
[edit]