Trypanosoma congolense

Trypanosoma congolense
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Phylum:	Euglenozoa
Class:	Kinetoplastea
Order:	Trypanosomatida
Family:	Trypanosomatidae
Genus:	Trypanosoma
Species:	T. congolense
Binomial name
	Trypanosoma congolense; Broden, 1904
Synonyms
	Trypanosoma dimorphon Laveran & Mesnil, 1904 ; Trypanosoma nanum Laveran, 1905 ; Trypanosom confusum Montgomery & Kinghorn, 1909 ; Trypanosoma montgomeryi Laveran, 1909 ; Trypanosoma pecorum Bruce et al., 1910 ; Trypanosoma frobeniusi Weissenborn, 1911 ; Trypanosoma somaliense Maroglio, 1911 ; Trypanosoma cellii Martogio, 1911 ; Trypaonsoms multiforme Kinghorne et al., 1913 ; Trypaonson randae van Saceghem, 1921 ; Trypanosoma urundiense Chardome & Peel, 1967 ; Trypanosoma berghei Chardome & Peel, 1967 ; Trypanosoma mossosense Chardom & Peel, 1967 ;

Trypanosoma congolense is a species of trypanosomes and is the major pathogen responsible for the disease nagana in cattle and other animals including sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, dogs,^[2] as well as laboratory mice. It is the most common cause of nagana in east Africa, but is also a major cause of nagana in west Africa. This parasite is spread by tsetse flies. In its mammalian host, Trypanosoma congolense only lives in blood vessels, and causes in particular anaemia.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Cachexic dog infested with *T. congolense* after travel in West Africa

Infection process

T. congolense causes anemia. Nok et al., 2003 find T. congolense to alter the surfaces of erythrocytes which may contribute to this effect.^[5]

Drug resistance

Individuals isolated from Boran cattle in the Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993.^[6] This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area for the tested trypanocides, diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride, and homidium chloride.^[6]

References

^ "Trypanosoma congolense". American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists. 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
^ ^a ^b Deschamps, Jack-Yves; Desquesnes, Marc; Dorso, Laetitia; Ravel, Sophie; Bossard, Géraldine; Charbonneau, Morgane; Garand, Annabelle; Roux, Françoise A. (2016). "Refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense". Parasite. 23: 1. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016001. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4722231. PMID 26795063.
^ Losos, G. J.; Ikede, B. O. (1972). "Review of pathology of diseases in domestic and laboratory animals caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense". Veterinary Pathology. 9 (1 Suppl): 1–79. doi:10.1177/030098587200901s01. ISSN 0300-9858.
^ African Animal Trypanosomiasis Archived 2007-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, USAHA gray book, 6th ed. (1998).
^ ^a ^b Stijlemans, Benoît; Guilliams, Martin; Raes, Geert; Beschin, Alain; Magez, Stefan; De Baetselier, Patrick (2007). "African trypanosomosis: From immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention". Veterinary Parasitology. 148 (1). American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) + European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC) + World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (Elsevier): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.005. ISSN 0304-4017. PMID 17560035.
^ ^a ^b Mulugeta, Wubet; Wilkes, Jon; Mulatu, Woudyalew; Majiwa, Phelix A.O; Masake, Rachael; Peregrine, Andrew S (1997). "Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia". Acta Tropica. 64 (3–4). Elsevier BV: 205–217. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 9107367. S2CID 23878484.

External links

Media related to Trypanosoma congolense at Wikimedia Commons

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[AAAVP-1] "Trypanosoma congolense". American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists. 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2022-02-25.

[DeschampsDesquesnes2016-2] Deschamps, Jack-Yves; Desquesnes, Marc; Dorso, Laetitia; Ravel, Sophie; Bossard, Géraldine; Charbonneau, Morgane; Garand, Annabelle; Roux, Françoise A. (2016). "Refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense". Parasite. 23: 1. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016001. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4722231. PMID 26795063.

[LososIkede1972-3] Losos, G. J.; Ikede, B. O. (1972). "Review of pathology of diseases in domestic and laboratory animals caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense". Veterinary Pathology. 9 (1 Suppl): 1–79. doi:10.1177/030098587200901s01. ISSN 0300-9858.

[4] African Animal Trypanosomiasis Archived 2007-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, USAHA gray book, 6th ed. (1998).

[Stijlemans-et-al-2007-5] Stijlemans, Benoît; Guilliams, Martin; Raes, Geert; Beschin, Alain; Magez, Stefan; De Baetselier, Patrick (2007). "African trypanosomosis: From immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention". Veterinary Parasitology. 148 (1). American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) + European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC) + World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (Elsevier): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.005. ISSN 0304-4017. PMID 17560035.

[Mulugeta-et-al-1997-6] Mulugeta, Wubet; Wilkes, Jon; Mulatu, Woudyalew; Majiwa, Phelix A.O; Masake, Rachael; Peregrine, Andrew S (1997). "Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia". Acta Tropica. 64 (3–4). Elsevier BV: 205–217. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 9107367. S2CID 23878484.

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